path: root/src/Text/Pandoc/ImageSize.hs

{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, ScopedTypeVariables, CPP #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-type-defaults #-}
{- |
Module      : Text.Pandoc.ImageSize
Copyright   : Copyright (C) 2011-2019 John MacFarlane
License     : GNU GPL, version 2 or above

Maintainer  : John MacFarlane <jgm@berkeley.edu>
Stability   : alpha
Portability : portable

Functions for determining the size of a PNG, JPEG, or GIF image.
-}
module Text.Pandoc.ImageSize ( ImageType(..)
                             , imageType
                             , imageSize
                             , sizeInPixels
                             , sizeInPoints
                             , desiredSizeInPoints
                             , Dimension(..)
                             , Direction(..)
                             , dimension
                             , lengthToDim
                             , scaleDimension
                             , inInch
                             , inPixel
                             , inPoints
                             , inEm
                             , numUnit
                             , showInInch
                             , showInPixel
                             , showFl
                             ) where
import Prelude
import Data.ByteString (ByteString, unpack)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL
import Data.Char (isDigit)
import Control.Monad
import Data.Bits
import Data.Binary
import Data.Binary.Get
import Text.Pandoc.Shared (safeRead)
import Data.Default (Default)
import Numeric (showFFloat)
import Text.Pandoc.Definition
import Text.Pandoc.Options
import qualified Text.Pandoc.UTF8 as UTF8
import qualified Text.XML.Light as Xml
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Control.Monad.Except
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)

-- quick and dirty functions to get image sizes
-- algorithms borrowed from wwwis.pl

data ImageType = Png | Gif | Jpeg | Svg | Pdf | Eps | Emf deriving Show
data Direction = Width | Height
instance Show Direction where
  show Width  = "width"
  show Height = "height"

data Dimension = Pixel Integer
               | Centimeter Double
               | Millimeter Double
               | Inch Double
               | Percent Double
               | Em Double
               deriving Eq

instance Show Dimension where
  show (Pixel a)      = show   a ++ "px"
  show (Centimeter a) = showFl a ++ "cm"
  show (Millimeter a) = showFl a ++ "mm"
  show (Inch a)       = showFl a ++ "in"
  show (Percent a)    = show   a ++ "%"
  show (Em a)         = showFl a ++ "em"

data ImageSize = ImageSize{
                     pxX   :: Integer
                   , pxY   :: Integer
                   , dpiX  :: Integer
                   , dpiY  :: Integer
                   } deriving (Read, Show, Eq)
instance Default ImageSize where
  def = ImageSize 300 200 72 72

showFl :: (RealFloat a) => a -> String
showFl a = removeExtra0s $ showFFloat (Just 5) a ""

removeExtra0s :: String -> String
removeExtra0s s =
  case dropWhile (=='0') $ reverse s of
       '.':xs -> reverse xs
       xs     -> reverse xs

imageType :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageType
imageType img = case B.take 4 img of
                     "\x89\x50\x4e\x47" -> return Png
                     "\x47\x49\x46\x38" -> return Gif
                     "\xff\xd8\xff\xe0" -> return Jpeg  -- JFIF
                     "\xff\xd8\xff\xe1" -> return Jpeg  -- Exif
                     "%PDF"             -> return Pdf
                     "<svg"             -> return Svg
                     "<?xm"
                       | findSvgTag img
                                        -> return Svg
                     "%!PS"
                       |  B.take 4 (B.drop 1 $ B.dropWhile (/=' ') img) == "EPSF"
                                        -> return Eps
                     "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
                       | B.take 4 (B.drop 40 img) == " EMF"
                                        -> return Emf
                     _                  -> mzero

findSvgTag :: ByteString -> Bool
findSvgTag img = "<svg" `B.isInfixOf` img || "<SVG" `B.isInfixOf` img

imageSize :: WriterOptions -> ByteString -> Either String ImageSize
imageSize opts img =
  case imageType img of
       Just Png  -> mbToEither "could not determine PNG size" $ pngSize img
       Just Gif  -> mbToEither "could not determine GIF size" $ gifSize img
       Just Jpeg -> jpegSize img
       Just Svg  -> mbToEither "could not determine SVG size" $ svgSize opts img
       Just Eps  -> mbToEither "could not determine EPS size" $ epsSize img
       Just Pdf  -> mbToEither "could not determine PDF size" $ pdfSize img
       Just Emf  -> mbToEither "could not determine EMF size" $ emfSize img
       Nothing   -> Left "could not determine image type"
  where mbToEither msg Nothing  = Left msg
        mbToEither _   (Just x) = Right x

defaultSize :: (Integer, Integer)
defaultSize = (72, 72)

sizeInPixels :: ImageSize -> (Integer, Integer)
sizeInPixels s = (pxX s, pxY s)

-- | Calculate (height, width) in points using the image file's dpi metadata,
-- using 72 Points == 1 Inch.
sizeInPoints :: ImageSize -> (Double, Double)
sizeInPoints s = (pxXf * 72 / dpiXf, pxYf * 72 / dpiYf)
  where
    pxXf  = fromIntegral $ pxX s
    pxYf  = fromIntegral $ pxY s
    dpiXf = fromIntegral $ dpiX s
    dpiYf = fromIntegral $ dpiY s

-- | Calculate (height, width) in points, considering the desired dimensions in the
-- attribute, while falling back on the image file's dpi metadata if no dimensions
-- are specified in the attribute (or only dimensions in percentages).
desiredSizeInPoints :: WriterOptions -> Attr -> ImageSize -> (Double, Double)
desiredSizeInPoints opts attr s =
  case (getDim Width, getDim Height) of
    (Just w, Just h)   -> (w, h)
    (Just w, Nothing)  -> (w, w / ratio)
    (Nothing, Just h)  -> (h * ratio, h)
    (Nothing, Nothing) -> sizeInPoints s
  where
    ratio = fromIntegral (pxX s) / fromIntegral (pxY s)
    getDim dir = case dimension dir attr of
                   Just (Percent _) -> Nothing
                   Just dim         -> Just $ inPoints opts dim
                   Nothing          -> Nothing

inPoints :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> Double
inPoints opts dim = 72 * inInch opts dim

inEm :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> Double
inEm opts dim = (64/11) * inInch opts dim

inInch :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> Double
inInch opts dim =
  case dim of
    (Pixel a)      -> fromIntegral a / fromIntegral (writerDpi opts)
    (Centimeter a) -> a * 0.3937007874
    (Millimeter a) -> a * 0.03937007874
    (Inch a)       -> a
    (Percent _)    -> 0
    (Em a)         -> a * (11/64)

inPixel :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> Integer
inPixel opts dim =
  case dim of
    (Pixel a)      -> a
    (Centimeter a) -> floor $ dpi * a * 0.3937007874 :: Integer
    (Millimeter a) -> floor $ dpi * a * 0.03937007874 :: Integer
    (Inch a)       -> floor $ dpi * a :: Integer
    (Percent _)    -> 0
    (Em a)         -> floor $ dpi * a * (11/64) :: Integer
  where
    dpi = fromIntegral $ writerDpi opts

-- | Convert a Dimension to a String denoting its equivalent in inches, for example "2.00000".
-- Note: Dimensions in percentages are converted to the empty string.
showInInch :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> String
showInInch _ (Percent _) = ""
showInInch opts dim = showFl $ inInch opts dim

-- | Convert a Dimension to a String denoting its equivalent in pixels, for example "600".
-- Note: Dimensions in percentages are converted to the empty string.
showInPixel :: WriterOptions -> Dimension -> String
showInPixel _ (Percent _) = ""
showInPixel opts dim = show $ inPixel opts dim

-- | Maybe split a string into a leading number and trailing unit, e.g. "3cm" to Just (3.0, "cm")
numUnit :: String -> Maybe (Double, String)
numUnit s =
  let (nums, unit) = span (\c -> isDigit c || ('.'==c)) s
  in  case safeRead nums of
        Just n  -> Just (n, unit)
        Nothing -> Nothing

-- | Scale a dimension by a factor.
scaleDimension :: Double -> Dimension -> Dimension
scaleDimension factor dim =
  case dim of
        Pixel x      -> Pixel (round $ factor * fromIntegral x)
        Centimeter x -> Centimeter (factor * x)
        Millimeter x -> Millimeter (factor * x)
        Inch x       -> Inch (factor * x)
        Percent x    -> Percent (factor * x)
        Em x         -> Em (factor * x)

-- | Read a Dimension from an Attr attribute.
-- `dimension Width attr` might return `Just (Pixel 3)` or for example `Just (Centimeter 2.0)`, etc.
dimension :: Direction -> Attr -> Maybe Dimension
dimension dir (_, _, kvs) =
  case dir of
    Width  -> extractDim "width"
    Height -> extractDim "height"
  where
    extractDim key = lookup key kvs >>= lengthToDim

lengthToDim :: String -> Maybe Dimension
lengthToDim s = numUnit s >>= uncurry toDim
  where
    toDim a "cm"   = Just $ Centimeter a
    toDim a "mm"   = Just $ Millimeter a
    toDim a "in"   = Just $ Inch a
    toDim a "inch" = Just $ Inch a
    toDim a "%"    = Just $ Percent a
    toDim a "px"   = Just $ Pixel (floor a::Integer)
    toDim a ""     = Just $ Pixel (floor a::Integer)
    toDim a "pt"   = Just $ Inch (a / 72)
    toDim a "pc"   = Just $ Inch (a / 6)
    toDim a "em"   = Just $ Em a
    toDim _ _      = Nothing

epsSize :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
epsSize img = do
  let ls = takeWhile ("%" `B.isPrefixOf`) $ B.lines img
  let ls' = dropWhile (not . ("%%BoundingBox:" `B.isPrefixOf`)) ls
  case ls' of
       []    -> mzero
       (x:_) -> case B.words x of
                     [_, _, _, ux, uy] -> do
                        ux' <- safeRead $ B.unpack ux
                        uy' <- safeRead $ B.unpack uy
                        return ImageSize{
                            pxX  = ux'
                          , pxY  = uy'
                          , dpiX = 72
                          , dpiY = 72 }
                     _ -> mzero

pdfSize :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
pdfSize img =
  case dropWhile (\l -> not (l == "stream" ||
                             "/MediaBox" `B.isPrefixOf` l)) (B.lines img) of
       (x:_)
         | "/MediaBox" `B.isPrefixOf` x
         -> case B.words . B.takeWhile (/=']')
                         . B.drop 1
                         . B.dropWhile (/='[')
                         $ x of
                     [x1, y1, x2, y2] -> do
                        x1' <- safeRead $ B.unpack x1
                        x2' <- safeRead $ B.unpack x2
                        y1' <- safeRead $ B.unpack y1
                        y2' <- safeRead $ B.unpack y2
                        return ImageSize{
                            pxX  = x2' - x1'
                          , pxY  = y2' - y1'
                          , dpiX = 72
                          , dpiY = 72 }
                     _ -> mzero
       _    -> mzero

pngSize :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
pngSize img = do
  let (h, rest) = B.splitAt 8 img
  guard $ h == "\x8a\x4d\x4e\x47\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a" ||
          h == "\x89\x50\x4e\x47\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a"
  let (i, rest') = B.splitAt 4 $ B.drop 4 rest
  guard $ i == "MHDR" || i == "IHDR"
  let (sizes, rest'') = B.splitAt 8 rest'
  (x,y) <- case map fromIntegral $unpack sizes of
                ([w1,w2,w3,w4,h1,h2,h3,h4] :: [Integer]) -> return
                    (shift w1 24 + shift w2 16 + shift w3 8 + w4,
                     shift h1 24 + shift h2 16 + shift h3 8 + h4)
                _ -> Nothing -- "PNG parse error"
  (dpix, dpiy) <- findpHYs rest''
  return ImageSize { pxX  = x, pxY = y, dpiX = dpix, dpiY = dpiy }

findpHYs :: ByteString -> Maybe (Integer, Integer)
findpHYs x
  | B.null x || "IDAT" `B.isPrefixOf` x = return (72,72)
  | "pHYs" `B.isPrefixOf` x =
    case map fromIntegral $ unpack $ B.take 9 $ B.drop 4 x of
         [x1,x2,x3,x4,y1,y2,y3,y4,u] -> do
           let factor = if u == 1 -- dots per meter
                          then \z -> z * 254 `div` 10000
                          else const 72
           return
              ( factor $ shift x1 24 + shift x2 16 + shift x3 8 + x4,
                factor $ shift y1 24 + shift y2 16 + shift y3 8 + y4 )
         _ -> mzero
  | otherwise = findpHYs $ B.drop 1 x  -- read another byte

gifSize :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
gifSize img = do
  let (h, rest) = B.splitAt 6 img
  guard $ h == "GIF87a" || h == "GIF89a"
  case map fromIntegral $ unpack $ B.take 4 rest of
       [w2,w1,h2,h1] -> return ImageSize {
                          pxX  = shift w1 8 + w2,
                          pxY  = shift h1 8 + h2,
                          dpiX = 72,
                          dpiY = 72
                          }
       _             -> Nothing -- "GIF parse error"

svgSize :: WriterOptions -> ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
svgSize opts img = do
  doc <- Xml.parseXMLDoc $ UTF8.toString img
  let dpi = fromIntegral $ writerDpi opts
  let dirToInt dir = do
        dim <- Xml.findAttrBy (== Xml.QName dir Nothing Nothing) doc >>= lengthToDim
        return $ inPixel opts dim
  w <- dirToInt "width"
  h <- dirToInt "height"
  return ImageSize {
    pxX  = w
  , pxY  = h
  , dpiX = dpi
  , dpiY = dpi
  }

emfSize :: ByteString -> Maybe ImageSize
emfSize img =
  let
    parseheader = runGetOrFail $ do
      skip 0x18             -- 0x00
      frameL <- getWord32le -- 0x18  measured in 1/100 of a millimetre
      frameT <- getWord32le -- 0x1C
      frameR <- getWord32le -- 0x20
      frameB <- getWord32le -- 0x24
      skip 0x20             -- 0x28
      deviceX <- getWord32le  -- 0x48 pixels of reference device
      deviceY <- getWord32le  -- 0x4C
      mmX <- getWord32le      -- 0x50 real mm of reference device (always 320*240?)
      mmY <- getWord32le      -- 0x58
      -- end of header
      let
        w = (deviceX * (frameR - frameL)) `quot` (mmX * 100)
        h = (deviceY * (frameB - frameT)) `quot` (mmY * 100)
        dpiW = (deviceX * 254) `quot` (mmX * 10)
        dpiH = (deviceY * 254) `quot` (mmY * 10)
      return $ ImageSize
        { pxX = fromIntegral w
        , pxY = fromIntegral h
        , dpiX = fromIntegral dpiW
        , dpiY = fromIntegral dpiH
        }
  in
    case parseheader . BL.fromStrict $ img of
      Left _ -> Nothing
      Right (_, _, size) -> Just size


jpegSize :: ByteString -> Either String ImageSize
jpegSize img =
  let (hdr, rest) = B.splitAt 4 img
  in if B.length rest < 14
        then Left "unable to determine JPEG size"
        else case hdr of
               "\xff\xd8\xff\xe0" -> jfifSize rest
               "\xff\xd8\xff\xe1" -> exifSize rest
               _                  -> Left "unable to determine JPEG size"

jfifSize :: ByteString -> Either String ImageSize
jfifSize rest =
  case map fromIntegral $ unpack $ B.take 5 $ B.drop 9 rest of
    [dpiDensity,dpix1,dpix2,dpiy1,dpiy2] ->
      let factor = case dpiDensity of
                        1 -> id
                        2 -> \x -> x * 254 `div` 10
                        _ -> const 72
          dpix = factor (shift dpix1 8 + dpix2)
          dpiy = factor (shift dpiy1 8 + dpiy2)
      in case findJfifSize rest of
         Left msg    -> Left msg
         Right (w,h) -> Right ImageSize { pxX = w
                                        , pxY = h
                                        , dpiX = dpix
                                        , dpiY = dpiy }
    _ -> Left "unable to determine JFIF size"

findJfifSize :: ByteString -> Either String (Integer,Integer)
findJfifSize bs =
  let bs' = B.dropWhile (=='\xff') $ B.dropWhile (/='\xff') bs
  in case B.uncons bs' of
       Just (c,bs'') | c >= '\xc0' && c <= '\xc3' ->
         case map fromIntegral $ unpack $ B.take 4 $ B.drop 3 bs'' of
              [h1,h2,w1,w2] -> Right (shift w1 8 + w2, shift h1 8 + h2)
              _             -> Left "JFIF parse error"
       Just (_,bs'') ->
         case map fromIntegral $ unpack $ B.take 2 bs'' of
              [c1,c2] ->
                let len = shift c1 8 + c2
                -- skip variables
                in  findJfifSize $ B.drop len bs''
              _       -> Left "JFIF parse error"
       Nothing -> Left "Did not find JFIF length record"

runGet' :: Get (Either String a) -> BL.ByteString -> Either String a
runGet' p bl =
#if MIN_VERSION_binary(0,7,0)
  case runGetOrFail p bl of
       Left (_,_,msg) -> Left msg
       Right (_,_,x)  -> x
#else
  runGet p bl
#endif


exifSize :: ByteString -> Either String ImageSize
exifSize bs =runGet' header bl
  where bl = BL.fromChunks [bs]
        header = runExceptT $ exifHeader bl
-- NOTE:  It would be nicer to do
-- runGet ((Just <$> exifHeader) <|> return Nothing)
-- which would prevent pandoc from raising an error when an exif header can't
-- be parsed.  But we only get an Alternative instance for Get in binary 0.6,
-- and binary 0.5 ships with ghc 7.6.

exifHeader :: BL.ByteString -> ExceptT String Get ImageSize
exifHeader hdr = do
  _app1DataSize <- lift getWord16be
  exifHdr <- lift getWord32be
  unless (exifHdr == 0x45786966) $ throwError "Did not find exif header"
  zeros <- lift getWord16be
  unless (zeros == 0) $ throwError "Expected zeros after exif header"
  -- beginning of tiff header -- we read whole thing to use
  -- in getting data from offsets:
  let tiffHeader = BL.drop 8 hdr
  byteAlign <- lift getWord16be
  let bigEndian = byteAlign == 0x4d4d
  let (getWord16, getWord32, getWord64) =
        if bigEndian
           then (getWord16be, getWord32be, getWord64be)
           else (getWord16le, getWord32le, getWord64le)
  let getRational = do
        num <- getWord32
        den <- getWord32
        return $ fromIntegral num / fromIntegral den
  tagmark <- lift getWord16
  unless (tagmark == 0x002a) $ throwError "Failed alignment sanity check"
  ifdOffset <- lift getWord32
  lift $ skip (fromIntegral ifdOffset - 8) -- skip to IDF
  numentries <- lift  getWord16
  let ifdEntry :: ExceptT String Get (TagType, DataFormat)
      ifdEntry = do
       tag <- fromMaybe UnknownTagType . flip M.lookup tagTypeTable
                <$> lift getWord16
       dataFormat <- lift getWord16
       numComponents <- lift getWord32
       (fmt, bytesPerComponent) <-
             case dataFormat of
                  1  -> return (UnsignedByte <$> getWord8, 1)
                  2  -> return (AsciiString <$>
                                getLazyByteString
                                (fromIntegral numComponents), 1)
                  3  -> return (UnsignedShort <$> getWord16, 2)
                  4  -> return (UnsignedLong <$> getWord32, 4)
                  5  -> return (UnsignedRational <$> getRational, 8)
                  6  -> return (SignedByte <$> getWord8, 1)
                  7  -> return (Undefined <$> getLazyByteString
                                (fromIntegral numComponents), 1)
                  8  -> return (SignedShort <$> getWord16, 2)
                  9  -> return (SignedLong <$> getWord32, 4)
                  10 -> return (SignedRational <$> getRational, 8)
                  11 -> return (SingleFloat <$> getWord32 {- TODO -}, 4)
                  12 -> return (DoubleFloat <$> getWord64 {- TODO -}, 8)
                  _  -> throwError $ "Unknown data format " ++ show dataFormat
       let totalBytes = fromIntegral $ numComponents * bytesPerComponent
       payload <- if totalBytes <= 4 -- data is right here
                     then lift $ fmt <* skip (4 - totalBytes)
                     else do  -- get data from offset
                          offs <- lift getWord32
                          let bytesAtOffset =
                                 BL.take (fromIntegral totalBytes)
                                 $ BL.drop (fromIntegral offs) tiffHeader
                          case runGet' (Right <$> fmt) bytesAtOffset of
                               Left msg -> throwError msg
                               Right x  -> return x
       return (tag, payload)
  entries <- replicateM (fromIntegral numentries) ifdEntry
  subentries <- case lookup ExifOffset entries of
                      Just (UnsignedLong offset') -> do
                        pos <- lift bytesRead
                        lift $ skip (fromIntegral offset' - (fromIntegral pos - 8))
                        numsubentries <- lift getWord16
                        replicateM (fromIntegral numsubentries) ifdEntry
                      _ -> return []
  let allentries = entries ++ subentries
  (wdth, hght) <- case (lookup ExifImageWidth allentries,
                        lookup ExifImageHeight allentries) of
                       (Just (UnsignedLong w), Just (UnsignedLong h)) ->
                         return (fromIntegral w, fromIntegral h)
                       _ -> return defaultSize
                            -- we return a default width and height when
                            -- the exif header doesn't contain these
  let resfactor = case lookup ResolutionUnit allentries of
                        Just (UnsignedShort 1) -> 100 / 254
                        _ -> 1
  let xres = case lookup XResolution allentries of
                  Just (UnsignedRational x) -> floor (x * resfactor)
                  _ -> 72
  let yres = case lookup YResolution allentries of
                  Just (UnsignedRational y) -> floor (y * resfactor)
                  _ -> 72
  return ImageSize{
                    pxX  = wdth
                  , pxY  = hght
                  , dpiX = xres
                  , dpiY = yres }

data DataFormat = UnsignedByte Word8
                | AsciiString BL.ByteString
                | UnsignedShort Word16
                | UnsignedLong Word32
                | UnsignedRational Rational
                | SignedByte Word8
                | Undefined BL.ByteString
                | SignedShort Word16
                | SignedLong Word32
                | SignedRational Rational
                | SingleFloat Word32
                | DoubleFloat Word64
                deriving (Show)

data TagType = ImageDescription
             | Make
             | Model
             | Orientation
             | XResolution
             | YResolution
             | ResolutionUnit
             | Software
             | DateTime
             | WhitePoint
             | PrimaryChromaticities
             | YCbCrCoefficients
             | YCbCrPositioning
             | ReferenceBlackWhite
             | Copyright
             | ExifOffset
             | ExposureTime
             | FNumber
             | ExposureProgram
             | ISOSpeedRatings
             | ExifVersion
             | DateTimeOriginal
             | DateTimeDigitized
             | ComponentConfiguration
             | CompressedBitsPerPixel
             | ShutterSpeedValue
             | ApertureValue
             | BrightnessValue
             | ExposureBiasValue
             | MaxApertureValue
             | SubjectDistance
             | MeteringMode
             | LightSource
             | Flash
             | FocalLength
             | MakerNote
             | UserComment
             | FlashPixVersion
             | ColorSpace
             | ExifImageWidth
             | ExifImageHeight
             | RelatedSoundFile
             | ExifInteroperabilityOffset
             | FocalPlaneXResolution
             | FocalPlaneYResolution
             | FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
             | SensingMethod
             | FileSource
             | SceneType
             | UnknownTagType
             deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

tagTypeTable :: M.Map Word16 TagType
tagTypeTable = M.fromList
  [ (0x010e, ImageDescription)
  , (0x010f, Make)
  , (0x0110, Model)
  , (0x0112, Orientation)
  , (0x011a, XResolution)
  , (0x011b, YResolution)
  , (0x0128, ResolutionUnit)
  , (0x0131, Software)
  , (0x0132, DateTime)
  , (0x013e, WhitePoint)
  , (0x013f, PrimaryChromaticities)
  , (0x0211, YCbCrCoefficients)
  , (0x0213, YCbCrPositioning)
  , (0x0214, ReferenceBlackWhite)
  , (0x8298, Copyright)
  , (0x8769, ExifOffset)
  , (0x829a, ExposureTime)
  , (0x829d, FNumber)
  , (0x8822, ExposureProgram)
  , (0x8827, ISOSpeedRatings)
  , (0x9000, ExifVersion)
  , (0x9003, DateTimeOriginal)
  , (0x9004, DateTimeDigitized)
  , (0x9101, ComponentConfiguration)
  , (0x9102, CompressedBitsPerPixel)
  , (0x9201, ShutterSpeedValue)
  , (0x9202, ApertureValue)
  , (0x9203, BrightnessValue)
  , (0x9204, ExposureBiasValue)
  , (0x9205, MaxApertureValue)
  , (0x9206, SubjectDistance)
  , (0x9207, MeteringMode)
  , (0x9208, LightSource)
  , (0x9209, Flash)
  , (0x920a, FocalLength)
  , (0x927c, MakerNote)
  , (0x9286, UserComment)
  , (0xa000, FlashPixVersion)
  , (0xa001, ColorSpace)
  , (0xa002, ExifImageWidth)
  , (0xa003, ExifImageHeight)
  , (0xa004, RelatedSoundFile)
  , (0xa005, ExifInteroperabilityOffset)
  , (0xa20e, FocalPlaneXResolution)
  , (0xa20f, FocalPlaneYResolution)
  , (0xa210, FocalPlaneResolutionUnit)
  , (0xa217, SensingMethod)
  , (0xa300, FileSource)
  , (0xa301, SceneType)
  ]