Refactored math conversion in writers.

* Remove exported module `Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath`
* Add exported module `Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math`
* The function `texMathToInlines` now lives in `Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math`
* Export helper function `convertMath` from `Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math`
* Use these functions in all writers that do math conversion.

This ensures that warnings will always be issued for failed
math conversions.

12 files changed, 489 insertions, 417 deletions

diff --git a/pandoc.cabal b/pandoc.cabal
index dbd0a4d1c..691c83099 100644
--- a/pandoc.cabal
+++ b/pandoc.cabal
@@ -341,7 +341,6 @@ Library
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.Org,
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.DocBook,
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.OPML,
-                   Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath,
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.Textile,
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.Native,
                    Text.Pandoc.Readers.Haddock,
@@ -377,6 +376,7 @@ Library
                    Text.Pandoc.Writers.EPUB,
                    Text.Pandoc.Writers.FB2,
                    Text.Pandoc.Writers.TEI,
+                   Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math,
                    Text.Pandoc.PDF,
                    Text.Pandoc.UTF8,
                    Text.Pandoc.Templates,
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Readers/TeXMath.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Readers/TeXMath.hs
deleted file mode 100644
index e5778b123..000000000
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Readers/TeXMath.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-{-
-Copyright (C) 2007-2015 John MacFarlane <jgm@berkeley.edu>
-
-This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-(at your option) any later version.
-
-This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
--}
-
-{- |
-   Module      : Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
-   Copyright   : Copyright (C) 2007-2015 John MacFarlane
-   License     : GNU GPL, version 2 or above
-
-   Maintainer  : John MacFarlane <jgm@berkeley.edu>
-   Stability   : alpha
-   Portability : portable
-
-Conversion of TeX math to a list of 'Pandoc' inline elements.
--}
-module Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath ( texMathToInlines ) where
-
-import Text.Pandoc.Definition
-import Text.TeXMath
-
--- | Converts a raw TeX math formula to a list of 'Pandoc' inlines.
--- Defaults to raw formula between @$@ or @$$@ characters if entire formula
--- can't be converted.
-texMathToInlines :: MathType
-             -> String    -- ^ String to parse (assumes @'\n'@ line endings)
-             -> [Inline]
-texMathToInlines mt inp =
-  case writePandoc dt `fmap` readTeX inp of
-       Right (Just ils)  -> ils
-       _                 -> [Str (delim ++ inp ++ delim)]
-    where (dt, delim) = case mt of
-                             DisplayMath -> (DisplayBlock, "$$")
-                             InlineMath  -> (DisplayInline, "$")
-
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docbook.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docbook.hs
index 74e3bff3d..0ec7445be 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docbook.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docbook.hs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Walk
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
 import Text.Pandoc.Templates (renderTemplate')
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Data.List ( stripPrefix, isPrefixOf, intercalate, isSuffixOf )
 import Data.Char ( toLower )
 import Data.Monoid ( Any(..) )
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ import Data.Generics (everywhere, mkT)
 import Text.Pandoc.Class (PandocMonad)
 
 -- | Convert list of authors to a docbook <author> section
-authorToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> B.Inlines
-authorToDocbook opts name' =
-  let name = render Nothing $ inlinesToDocbook opts name'
-      colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
+authorToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> m B.Inlines
+authorToDocbook opts name' = do
+  name <- render Nothing <$> inlinesToDocbook opts name'
+  let colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
                     then Just $ writerColumns opts
                     else Nothing
-  in  B.rawInline "docbook" $ render colwidth $
+  return $ B.rawInline "docbook" $ render colwidth $
       if ',' `elem` name
          then -- last name first
               let (lastname, rest) = break (==',') name
@@ -75,44 +75,45 @@ authorToDocbook opts name' =
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc document to string in Docbook format.
 writeDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
-writeDocbook opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = return $
+writeDocbook opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = do
   let elements = hierarchicalize blocks
-      colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
+  let colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
                     then Just $ writerColumns opts
                     else Nothing
-      render'  = render colwidth
-      opts'    = if (maybe False (("/book>" `isSuffixOf`) . trimr)
+  let render'  = render colwidth
+  let opts'    = if (maybe False (("/book>" `isSuffixOf`) . trimr)
                             (writerTemplate opts) &&
                      TopLevelDefault == writerTopLevelDivision opts)
                     then opts{ writerTopLevelDivision = TopLevelChapter }
                     else opts
-      -- The numbering here follows LaTeX's internal numbering
-      startLvl = case writerTopLevelDivision opts' of
+  -- The numbering here follows LaTeX's internal numbering
+  let startLvl = case writerTopLevelDivision opts' of
                    TopLevelPart    -> -1
                    TopLevelChapter -> 0
                    TopLevelSection -> 1
                    TopLevelDefault -> 1
-      auths'   = map (authorToDocbook opts) $ docAuthors meta
-      meta'    = B.setMeta "author" auths' meta
-      Just metadata = metaToJSON opts
-                 (Just . render colwidth . (vcat .
-                          (map (elementToDocbook opts' startLvl)) . hierarchicalize))
-                 (Just . render colwidth . inlinesToDocbook opts')
+  auths' <- mapM (authorToDocbook opts) $ docAuthors meta
+  let meta' = B.setMeta "author" auths' meta
+  metadata <- metaToJSON opts
+                 (fmap (render colwidth . vcat) .
+                          (mapM (elementToDocbook opts' startLvl) .
+                            hierarchicalize))
+                 (fmap (render colwidth) . inlinesToDocbook opts')
                  meta'
-      main     = render' $ vcat (map (elementToDocbook opts' startLvl) elements)
-      context = defField "body" main
+  main <- (render' . vcat) <$> mapM (elementToDocbook opts' startLvl) elements
+  let context = defField "body" main
               $ defField "mathml" (case writerHTMLMathMethod opts of
                                         MathML _ -> True
                                         _        -> False)
               $ metadata
-  in  case writerTemplate opts of
+  return $ case writerTemplate opts of
            Nothing   -> main
            Just tpl  -> renderTemplate' tpl context
 
 -- | Convert an Element to Docbook.
-elementToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> Int -> Element -> Doc
+elementToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Int -> Element -> m Doc
 elementToDocbook opts _   (Blk block) = blockToDocbook opts block
-elementToDocbook opts lvl (Sec _ _num (id',_,_) title elements) =
+elementToDocbook opts lvl (Sec _ _num (id',_,_) title elements) = do
   -- Docbook doesn't allow sections with no content, so insert some if needed
   let elements' = if null elements
                     then [Blk (Para [])]
@@ -131,13 +132,14 @@ elementToDocbook opts lvl (Sec _ _num (id',_,_) title elements) =
       nsAttr = if writerDocbook5 opts && lvl == 0 then [("xmlns", "http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"),("xmlns:xlink", "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink")]
                                       else []
       attribs = nsAttr ++ idAttr
-  in  inTags True tag attribs $
-      inTagsSimple "title" (inlinesToDocbook opts title) $$
-      vcat (map (elementToDocbook opts (lvl + 1)) elements')
+  contents <- mapM (elementToDocbook opts (lvl + 1)) elements'
+  title' <- inlinesToDocbook opts title
+  return $ inTags True tag attribs $
+      inTagsSimple "title" title' $$ vcat contents
 
 -- | Convert a list of Pandoc blocks to Docbook.
-blocksToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [Block] -> Doc
-blocksToDocbook opts = vcat . map (blockToDocbook opts)
+blocksToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Block] -> m Doc
+blocksToDocbook opts = fmap vcat . mapM (blockToDocbook opts)
 
 -- | Auxiliary function to convert Plain block to Para.
 plainToPara :: Block -> Block
@@ -146,26 +148,29 @@ plainToPara x         = x
 
 -- | Convert a list of pairs of terms and definitions into a list of
 -- Docbook varlistentrys.
-deflistItemsToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [([Inline],[[Block]])] -> Doc
+deflistItemsToDocbook :: PandocMonad m
+                      => WriterOptions -> [([Inline],[[Block]])] -> m Doc
 deflistItemsToDocbook opts items =
-  vcat $ map (\(term, defs) -> deflistItemToDocbook opts term defs) items
+  vcat <$> mapM (\(term, defs) -> deflistItemToDocbook opts term defs) items
 
 -- | Convert a term and a list of blocks into a Docbook varlistentry.
-deflistItemToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> [[Block]] -> Doc
-deflistItemToDocbook opts term defs =
-  let def' = concatMap (map plainToPara) defs
-  in  inTagsIndented "varlistentry" $
-      inTagsIndented "term" (inlinesToDocbook opts term) $$
-      inTagsIndented "listitem" (blocksToDocbook opts def')
+deflistItemToDocbook :: PandocMonad m
+                     => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> [[Block]] -> m Doc
+deflistItemToDocbook opts term defs = do
+  term' <- inlinesToDocbook opts term
+  def' <- blocksToDocbook opts $ concatMap (map plainToPara) defs
+  return $ inTagsIndented "varlistentry" $
+      inTagsIndented "term" term' $$
+      inTagsIndented "listitem" def'
 
 -- | Convert a list of lists of blocks to a list of Docbook list items.
-listItemsToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> Doc
-listItemsToDocbook opts items = vcat $ map (listItemToDocbook opts) items
+listItemsToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> m Doc
+listItemsToDocbook opts items = vcat <$> mapM (listItemToDocbook opts) items
 
 -- | Convert a list of blocks into a Docbook list item.
-listItemToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [Block] -> Doc
+listItemToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Block] -> m Doc
 listItemToDocbook opts item =
-  inTagsIndented "listitem" $ blocksToDocbook opts $ map plainToPara item
+  inTagsIndented "listitem" <$> blocksToDocbook opts (map plainToPara item)
 
 imageToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> Attr -> String -> Doc
 imageToDocbook _ attr src = selfClosingTag "imagedata" $
@@ -177,43 +182,46 @@ imageToDocbook _ attr src = selfClosingTag "imagedata" $
                     Nothing -> []
 
 -- | Convert a Pandoc block element to Docbook.
-blockToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> Block -> Doc
-blockToDocbook _ Null = empty
+blockToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Block -> m Doc
+blockToDocbook _ Null = return empty
 -- Add ids to paragraphs in divs with ids - this is needed for
 -- pandoc-citeproc to get link anchors in bibliographies:
 blockToDocbook opts (Div (ident,_,_) [Para lst]) =
   let attribs = [("id", ident) | not (null ident)] in
   if hasLineBreaks lst
-     then flush $ nowrap $ inTags False "literallayout" attribs
-                         $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
-     else inTags True "para" attribs $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
-blockToDocbook opts (Div (ident,_,_) bs) =
-  (if null ident
-      then mempty
-      else selfClosingTag "anchor" [("id", ident)]) $$
-  blocksToDocbook opts (map plainToPara bs)
-blockToDocbook _ (Header _ _ _) = empty -- should not occur after hierarchicalize
+     then (flush . nowrap . inTags False "literallayout" attribs)
+                         <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+     else inTags True "para" attribs <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+blockToDocbook opts (Div (ident,_,_) bs) = do
+  contents <- blocksToDocbook opts (map plainToPara bs)
+  return $
+    (if null ident
+        then mempty
+        else selfClosingTag "anchor" [("id", ident)]) $$ contents
+blockToDocbook _ (Header _ _ _) =
+  return empty -- should not occur after hierarchicalize
 blockToDocbook opts (Plain lst) = inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 -- title beginning with fig: indicates that the image is a figure
-blockToDocbook opts (Para [Image attr txt (src,'f':'i':'g':':':_)]) =
-  let alt  = inlinesToDocbook opts txt
-      capt = if null txt
+blockToDocbook opts (Para [Image attr txt (src,'f':'i':'g':':':_)]) = do
+  alt <- inlinesToDocbook opts txt
+  let capt = if null txt
                 then empty
                 else inTagsSimple "title" alt
-  in  inTagsIndented "figure" $
+  return $ inTagsIndented "figure" $
         capt $$
         (inTagsIndented "mediaobject" $
            (inTagsIndented "imageobject"
              (imageToDocbook opts attr src)) $$
            inTagsSimple "textobject" (inTagsSimple "phrase" alt))
 blockToDocbook opts (Para lst)
-  | hasLineBreaks lst = flush $ nowrap $ inTagsSimple "literallayout" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
-  | otherwise         = inTagsIndented "para" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  | hasLineBreaks lst = (flush . nowrap . inTagsSimple "literallayout")
+                        <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  | otherwise         = inTagsIndented "para" <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 blockToDocbook opts (LineBlock lns) =
   blockToDocbook opts $ linesToPara lns
 blockToDocbook opts (BlockQuote blocks) =
-  inTagsIndented "blockquote" $ blocksToDocbook opts blocks
-blockToDocbook _ (CodeBlock (_,classes,_) str) =
+  inTagsIndented "blockquote" <$> blocksToDocbook opts blocks
+blockToDocbook _ (CodeBlock (_,classes,_) str) = return $
   text ("<programlisting" ++ lang ++ ">") <> cr <>
      flush (text (escapeStringForXML str) <> cr <> text "</programlisting>")
     where lang  = if null langs
@@ -225,11 +233,11 @@ blockToDocbook _ (CodeBlock (_,classes,_) str) =
                            then [s]
                            else languagesByExtension . map toLower $ s
           langs       = concatMap langsFrom classes
-blockToDocbook opts (BulletList lst) =
+blockToDocbook opts (BulletList lst) = do
   let attribs = [("spacing", "compact") | isTightList lst]
-  in  inTags True "itemizedlist" attribs $ listItemsToDocbook opts lst
-blockToDocbook _ (OrderedList _ []) = empty
-blockToDocbook opts (OrderedList (start, numstyle, _) (first:rest)) =
+  inTags True "itemizedlist" attribs <$> listItemsToDocbook opts lst
+blockToDocbook _ (OrderedList _ []) = return empty
+blockToDocbook opts (OrderedList (start, numstyle, _) (first:rest)) = do
   let numeration = case numstyle of
                        DefaultStyle -> []
                        Decimal      -> [("numeration", "arabic")]
@@ -240,39 +248,41 @@ blockToDocbook opts (OrderedList (start, numstyle, _) (first:rest)) =
                        LowerRoman   -> [("numeration", "lowerroman")]
       spacing    = [("spacing", "compact") | isTightList (first:rest)]
       attribs    = numeration ++ spacing
-      items      = if start == 1
-                      then listItemsToDocbook opts (first:rest)
-                      else (inTags True "listitem" [("override",show start)]
-                           (blocksToDocbook opts $ map plainToPara first)) $$
-                           listItemsToDocbook opts rest
-  in  inTags True "orderedlist" attribs items
-blockToDocbook opts (DefinitionList lst) =
+  items <- if start == 1
+              then listItemsToDocbook opts (first:rest)
+              else do
+                first' <- blocksToDocbook opts (map plainToPara first)
+                rest' <- listItemsToDocbook opts rest
+                return $
+                  (inTags True "listitem" [("override",show start)] first') $$
+                   rest'
+  return $ inTags True "orderedlist" attribs items
+blockToDocbook opts (DefinitionList lst) = do
   let attribs = [("spacing", "compact") | isTightList $ concatMap snd lst]
-  in  inTags True "variablelist" attribs $ deflistItemsToDocbook opts lst
+  inTags True "variablelist" attribs <$> deflistItemsToDocbook opts lst
 blockToDocbook opts (RawBlock f str)
-  | f == "docbook" = text str -- raw XML block
+  | f == "docbook" = return $ text str -- raw XML block
   | f == "html"    = if writerDocbook5 opts
-                        then empty -- No html in Docbook5
-                        else text str -- allow html for backwards compatibility
-  | otherwise      = empty
-blockToDocbook _ HorizontalRule = empty -- not semantic
-blockToDocbook opts (Table caption aligns widths headers rows) =
-  let captionDoc   = if null caption
-                        then empty
-                        else inTagsIndented "title"
-                              (inlinesToDocbook opts caption)
-      tableType    = if isEmpty captionDoc then "informaltable" else "table"
+                        then return empty -- No html in Docbook5
+                        else return $ text str -- allow html for backwards compatibility
+  | otherwise      = return empty
+blockToDocbook _ HorizontalRule = return empty -- not semantic
+blockToDocbook opts (Table caption aligns widths headers rows) = do
+  captionDoc <- if null caption
+                   then return empty
+                   else inTagsIndented "title" <$>
+                         inlinesToDocbook opts caption
+  let tableType    = if isEmpty captionDoc then "informaltable" else "table"
       percent w    = show (truncate (100*w) :: Integer) ++ "*"
       coltags = vcat $ zipWith (\w al -> selfClosingTag "colspec"
                        ([("colwidth", percent w) | w > 0] ++
                         [("align", alignmentToString al)])) widths aligns
-      head' = if all null headers
-                 then empty
-                 else inTagsIndented "thead" $
-                         tableRowToDocbook opts headers
-      body' = inTagsIndented "tbody" $
-              vcat $ map (tableRowToDocbook opts) rows
-  in  inTagsIndented tableType $ captionDoc $$
+  head' <- if all null headers
+              then return empty
+              else inTagsIndented "thead" <$> tableRowToDocbook opts headers
+  body' <- (inTagsIndented "tbody" . vcat) <$>
+              mapM (tableRowToDocbook opts) rows
+  return $ inTagsIndented tableType $ captionDoc $$
         (inTags True "tgroup" [("cols", show (length headers))] $
          coltags $$ head' $$ body')
 
@@ -293,92 +303,97 @@ alignmentToString alignment = case alignment of
                                  AlignCenter -> "center"
                                  AlignDefault -> "left"
 
-tableRowToDocbook :: WriterOptions
+tableRowToDocbook :: PandocMonad m
+                  => WriterOptions
                   -> [[Block]]
-                  -> Doc
+                  -> m Doc
 tableRowToDocbook opts cols =
-  inTagsIndented "row" $ vcat $ map (tableItemToDocbook opts) cols
+  (inTagsIndented "row" . vcat) <$> mapM (tableItemToDocbook opts) cols
 
-tableItemToDocbook :: WriterOptions
+tableItemToDocbook :: PandocMonad m
+                   => WriterOptions
                    -> [Block]
-                   -> Doc
+                   -> m Doc
 tableItemToDocbook opts item =
-  inTags True "entry" [] $ vcat $ map (blockToDocbook opts) item
+  (inTags True "entry" [] . vcat) <$> mapM (blockToDocbook opts) item
 
 -- | Convert a list of inline elements to Docbook.
-inlinesToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> Doc
-inlinesToDocbook opts lst = hcat $ map (inlineToDocbook opts) lst
+inlinesToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> m Doc
+inlinesToDocbook opts lst = hcat <$> mapM (inlineToDocbook opts) lst
 
 -- | Convert an inline element to Docbook.
-inlineToDocbook :: WriterOptions -> Inline -> Doc
-inlineToDocbook _ (Str str) = text $ escapeStringForXML str
+inlineToDocbook :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Inline -> m Doc
+inlineToDocbook _ (Str str) = return $ text $ escapeStringForXML str
 inlineToDocbook opts (Emph lst) =
-  inTagsSimple "emphasis" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  inTagsSimple "emphasis" <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Strong lst) =
-  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "strong")] $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "strong")] <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Strikeout lst) =
-  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "strikethrough")] $
+  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "strikethrough")] <$>
   inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Superscript lst) =
-  inTagsSimple "superscript" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  inTagsSimple "superscript" <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Subscript lst) =
-  inTagsSimple "subscript" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  inTagsSimple "subscript" <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (SmallCaps lst) =
-  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "smallcaps")] $
+  inTags False "emphasis" [("role", "smallcaps")] <$>
   inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Quoted _ lst) =
-  inTagsSimple "quote" $ inlinesToDocbook opts lst
+  inTagsSimple "quote" <$> inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Cite _ lst) =
   inlinesToDocbook opts lst
 inlineToDocbook opts (Span (ident,_,_) ils) =
-  (if null ident
-      then mempty
-      else selfClosingTag "anchor" [("id", ident)]) <>
+  ((if null ident
+       then mempty
+       else selfClosingTag "anchor" [("id", ident)]) <>) <$>
   inlinesToDocbook opts ils
 inlineToDocbook _ (Code _ str) =
-  inTagsSimple "literal" $ text (escapeStringForXML str)
+  return $ inTagsSimple "literal" $ text (escapeStringForXML str)
 inlineToDocbook opts (Math t str)
-  | isMathML (writerHTMLMathMethod opts) =
-    case writeMathML dt <$> readTeX str of
-      Right r  -> inTagsSimple tagtype
-                  $ text $ Xml.ppcElement conf
-                  $ fixNS
-                  $ removeAttr r
-      Left _   -> inlinesToDocbook opts
-                  $ texMathToInlines t str
-  | otherwise = inlinesToDocbook opts $ texMathToInlines t str
-     where (dt, tagtype) = case t of
-                            InlineMath  -> (DisplayInline,"inlineequation")
-                            DisplayMath -> (DisplayBlock,"informalequation")
+  | isMathML (writerHTMLMathMethod opts) = do
+    res <- convertMath writeMathML t str
+    case res of
+         Right r  -> return $ inTagsSimple tagtype
+                     $ text $ Xml.ppcElement conf
+                     $ fixNS
+                     $ removeAttr r
+         Left il  -> inlineToDocbook opts il
+  | otherwise =
+     texMathToInlines t str >>= inlinesToDocbook opts
+     where tagtype = case t of
+                       InlineMath  -> "inlineequation"
+                       DisplayMath -> "informalequation"
            conf = Xml.useShortEmptyTags (const False) Xml.defaultConfigPP
            removeAttr e = e{ Xml.elAttribs = [] }
            fixNS' qname = qname{ Xml.qPrefix = Just "mml" }
            fixNS = everywhere (mkT fixNS')
-inlineToDocbook _ (RawInline f x) | f == "html" || f == "docbook" = text x
-                                  | otherwise                     = empty
-inlineToDocbook _ LineBreak = text "\n"
+inlineToDocbook _ (RawInline f x)
+  | f == "html" || f == "docbook" = return $ text x
+  | otherwise                     = return empty
+inlineToDocbook _ LineBreak = return $ text "\n"
 -- currently ignore, would require the option to add custom
 -- styles to the document
-inlineToDocbook _ PageBreak = empty
-inlineToDocbook _ Space = space
+inlineToDocbook _ PageBreak = return empty
+inlineToDocbook _ Space = return space
 -- because we use \n for LineBreak, we can't do soft breaks:
-inlineToDocbook _ SoftBreak = space
+inlineToDocbook _ SoftBreak = return space
 inlineToDocbook opts (Link attr txt (src, _))
   | Just email <- stripPrefix "mailto:" src =
       let emailLink = inTagsSimple "email" $ text $
                       escapeStringForXML $ email
       in  case txt of
-           [Str s] | escapeURI s == email -> emailLink
-           _             -> inlinesToDocbook opts txt <+>
-                              char '(' <> emailLink <> char ')'
+           [Str s] | escapeURI s == email -> return emailLink
+           _             -> do contents <- inlinesToDocbook opts txt
+                               return $ contents <+>
+                                          char '(' <> emailLink <> char ')'
   | otherwise =
       (if isPrefixOf "#" src
             then inTags False "link" $ ("linkend", drop 1 src) : idAndRole attr
             else if writerDocbook5 opts
                     then inTags False "link" $ ("xlink:href", src) : idAndRole attr
-                    else inTags False "ulink" $ ("url", src) : idAndRole attr ) $
-        inlinesToDocbook opts txt
-inlineToDocbook opts (Image attr _ (src, tit)) =
+                    else inTags False "ulink" $ ("url", src) : idAndRole attr )
+        <$> inlinesToDocbook opts txt
+inlineToDocbook opts (Image attr _ (src, tit)) = return $
   let titleDoc = if null tit
                    then empty
                    else inTagsIndented "objectinfo" $
@@ -386,7 +401,7 @@ inlineToDocbook opts (Image attr _ (src, tit)) =
   in  inTagsIndented "inlinemediaobject" $ inTagsIndented "imageobject" $
       titleDoc $$ imageToDocbook opts attr src
 inlineToDocbook opts (Note contents) =
-  inTagsIndented "footnote" $ blocksToDocbook opts contents
+  inTagsIndented "footnote" <$> blocksToDocbook opts contents
 
 isMathML :: HTMLMathMethod -> Bool
 isMathML (MathML _) = True
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docx.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docx.hs
index cc0c180f2..90261dede 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docx.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Docx.hs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.ImageSize
 import Text.Pandoc.Shared hiding (Element)
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared (fixDisplayMath)
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Text.Pandoc.Highlighting ( highlight )
 import Text.Pandoc.Walk
 import Text.XML.Light as XML
@@ -1114,17 +1114,11 @@ inlineToOpenXML' opts (Quoted quoteType lst) =
                             SingleQuote -> ("\x2018", "\x2019")
                             DoubleQuote -> ("\x201C", "\x201D")
 inlineToOpenXML' opts (Math mathType str) = do
-  let displayType = if mathType == DisplayMath
-                       then DisplayBlock
-                       else DisplayInline
-  when (displayType == DisplayBlock) setFirstPara
-  case writeOMML displayType <$> readTeX str of
-        Right r -> return [r]
-        Left  e -> do
-          (lift . lift) $ P.warn $
-                 "Cannot convert the following TeX math, skipping:\n" ++ str ++
-                 "\n" ++ e
-          inlinesToOpenXML opts (texMathToInlines mathType str)
+  when (mathType == DisplayMath) setFirstPara
+  res <- (lift . lift) (convertMath writeOMML mathType str)
+  case res of
+       Right r -> return [r]
+       Left il -> inlineToOpenXML' opts il
 inlineToOpenXML' opts (Cite _ lst) = inlinesToOpenXML opts lst
 inlineToOpenXML' opts (Code attrs str) = do
   let unhighlighted = intercalate [br] `fmap`
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/HTML.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/HTML.hs
index b2b0865bf..40658eaa8 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/HTML.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/HTML.hs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
 import Text.Pandoc.ImageSize
 import Text.Pandoc.Templates
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Text.Pandoc.Slides
 import Text.Pandoc.Highlighting ( highlight, styleToCss,
                                   formatHtmlInline, formatHtmlBlock )
@@ -794,17 +794,14 @@ inlineToHtml opts inline =
                          InlineMath -> preEscapedString $ "<EQ ENV=\"math\">" ++ str ++ "</EQ>"
                          DisplayMath -> preEscapedString $ "<EQ ENV=\"displaymath\">" ++ str ++ "</EQ>"
            MathML _ -> do
-              let dt = if t == InlineMath
-                          then DisplayInline
-                          else DisplayBlock
               let conf = useShortEmptyTags (const False)
                            defaultConfigPP
-              case writeMathML dt <$> readTeX str of
+              res <- lift $ convertMath writeMathML t str
+              case res of
                     Right r  -> return $ preEscapedString $
                         ppcElement conf (annotateMML r str)
-                    Left _   -> inlineListToHtml opts
-                        (texMathToInlines t str) >>=
-                        return .  (H.span ! A.class_ mathClass)
+                    Left il  -> (H.span ! A.class_ mathClass) <$>
+                                   inlineToHtml opts il
            MathJax _ -> return $ H.span ! A.class_ mathClass $ toHtml $
               case t of
                 InlineMath  -> "\\(" ++ str ++ "\\)"
@@ -814,7 +811,7 @@ inlineToHtml opts inline =
                         InlineMath -> str
                         DisplayMath -> "\\displaystyle " ++ str)
            PlainMath -> do
-              x <- inlineListToHtml opts (texMathToInlines t str)
+              x <- lift (texMathToInlines t str) >>= inlineListToHtml opts
               let m = H.span ! A.class_ mathClass $ x
               let brtag = if writerHtml5 opts then H5.br else H.br
               return  $ case t of
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Haddock.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Haddock.hs
index 03ce8c0eb..115d5d8d8 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Haddock.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Haddock.hs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Options
 import Data.List ( intersperse, transpose )
 import Text.Pandoc.Pretty
 import Control.Monad.State
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath (texMathToInlines)
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math (texMathToInlines)
 import Network.URI (isURI)
 import Data.Default
 import Text.Pandoc.Class (PandocMonad)
@@ -51,12 +51,13 @@ instance Default WriterState
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc to Haddock.
 writeHaddock :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
-writeHaddock opts document = return $
-  evalState (pandocToHaddock opts{
+writeHaddock opts document =
+  evalStateT (pandocToHaddock opts{
                   writerWrapText = writerWrapText opts } document) def
 
 -- | Return haddock representation of document.
-pandocToHaddock :: WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> State WriterState String
+pandocToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> StateT WriterState m String
 pandocToHaddock opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = do
   let colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
                     then Just $ writerColumns opts
@@ -79,7 +80,8 @@ pandocToHaddock opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = do
           Just tpl -> return $ renderTemplate' tpl context
 
 -- | Return haddock representation of notes.
-notesToHaddock :: WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+notesToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+               => WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 notesToHaddock opts notes =
   if null notes
      then return empty
@@ -93,9 +95,10 @@ escapeString = escapeStringUsing haddockEscapes
   where haddockEscapes = backslashEscapes "\\/'`\"@<"
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc block element to haddock.
-blockToHaddock :: WriterOptions -- ^ Options
-                -> Block         -- ^ Block element
-                -> State WriterState Doc
+blockToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+               => WriterOptions -- ^ Options
+               -> Block         -- ^ Block element
+               -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 blockToHaddock _ Null = return empty
 blockToHaddock opts (Div _ ils) = do
   contents <- blockListToHaddock opts ils
@@ -168,8 +171,9 @@ blockToHaddock opts (DefinitionList items) = do
   contents <- mapM (definitionListItemToHaddock opts) items
   return $ cat contents <> blankline
 
-pandocTable :: WriterOptions -> Bool -> [Alignment] -> [Double]
-            -> [Doc] -> [[Doc]] -> State WriterState Doc
+pandocTable :: PandocMonad m
+            => WriterOptions -> Bool -> [Alignment] -> [Double]
+            -> [Doc] -> [[Doc]] -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 pandocTable opts headless aligns widths rawHeaders rawRows =  do
   let isSimple = all (==0) widths
   let alignHeader alignment = case alignment of
@@ -208,8 +212,9 @@ pandocTable opts headless aligns widths rawHeaders rawRows =  do
                   else border
   return $ head'' $$ underline $$ body $$ bottom
 
-gridTable :: WriterOptions -> Bool -> [Alignment] -> [Double]
-          -> [Doc] -> [[Doc]] -> State WriterState Doc
+gridTable :: PandocMonad m
+          => WriterOptions -> Bool -> [Alignment] -> [Double]
+          -> [Doc] -> [[Doc]] -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 gridTable opts headless _aligns widths headers' rawRows =  do
   let numcols = length headers'
   let widths' = if all (==0) widths
@@ -236,7 +241,8 @@ gridTable opts headless _aligns widths headers' rawRows =  do
   return $ border '-' $$ head'' $$ body $$ border '-'
 
 -- | Convert bullet list item (list of blocks) to haddock
-bulletListItemToHaddock :: WriterOptions -> [Block] -> State WriterState Doc
+bulletListItemToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                        => WriterOptions -> [Block] -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 bulletListItemToHaddock opts items = do
   contents <- blockListToHaddock opts items
   let sps = replicate (writerTabStop opts - 2) ' '
@@ -251,10 +257,11 @@ bulletListItemToHaddock opts items = do
   return $ hang (writerTabStop opts) start $ contents' <> cr
 
 -- | Convert ordered list item (a list of blocks) to haddock
-orderedListItemToHaddock :: WriterOptions -- ^ options
-                          -> String        -- ^ list item marker
-                          -> [Block]       -- ^ list item (list of blocks)
-                          -> State WriterState Doc
+orderedListItemToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                         => WriterOptions -- ^ options
+                         -> String        -- ^ list item marker
+                         -> [Block]       -- ^ list item (list of blocks)
+                         -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 orderedListItemToHaddock opts marker items = do
   contents <- blockListToHaddock opts items
   let sps = case length marker - writerTabStop opts of
@@ -264,9 +271,10 @@ orderedListItemToHaddock opts marker items = do
   return $ hang (writerTabStop opts) start $ contents <> cr
 
 -- | Convert definition list item (label, list of blocks) to haddock
-definitionListItemToHaddock :: WriterOptions
-                             -> ([Inline],[[Block]])
-                             -> State WriterState Doc
+definitionListItemToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                            => WriterOptions
+                            -> ([Inline],[[Block]])
+                            -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 definitionListItemToHaddock opts (label, defs) = do
   labelText <- inlineListToHaddock opts label
   defs' <- mapM (mapM (blockToHaddock opts)) defs
@@ -274,19 +282,22 @@ definitionListItemToHaddock opts (label, defs) = do
   return $ nowrap (brackets labelText) <> cr <> contents <> cr
 
 -- | Convert list of Pandoc block elements to haddock
-blockListToHaddock :: WriterOptions -- ^ Options
-                    -> [Block]       -- ^ List of block elements
-                    -> State WriterState Doc
+blockListToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                   => WriterOptions -- ^ Options
+                   -> [Block]       -- ^ List of block elements
+                   -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 blockListToHaddock opts blocks =
   mapM (blockToHaddock opts) blocks >>= return . cat
 
 -- | Convert list of Pandoc inline elements to haddock.
-inlineListToHaddock :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> State WriterState Doc
+inlineListToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                    => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 inlineListToHaddock opts lst =
   mapM (inlineToHaddock opts) lst >>= return . cat
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc inline element to haddock.
-inlineToHaddock :: WriterOptions -> Inline -> State WriterState Doc
+inlineToHaddock :: PandocMonad m
+                => WriterOptions -> Inline -> StateT WriterState m Doc
 inlineToHaddock opts (Span (ident,_,_) ils) = do
   contents <- inlineListToHaddock opts ils
   if not (null ident) && null ils
@@ -322,7 +333,7 @@ inlineToHaddock opts (Math mt str) = do
   let adjust x = case mt of
                       DisplayMath -> cr <> x <> cr
                       InlineMath  -> x
-  adjust `fmap` (inlineListToHaddock opts $ texMathToInlines mt str)
+  adjust <$> (lift (texMathToInlines mt str) >>= inlineListToHaddock opts)
 inlineToHaddock _ (RawInline f str)
   | f == "haddock" = return $ text str
   | otherwise = return empty
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/ICML.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/ICML.hs
index f624b7dec..7c42671f1 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/ICML.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/ICML.hs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ into InDesign with File -> Place.
 module Text.Pandoc.Writers.ICML (writeICML) where
 import Text.Pandoc.Definition
 import Text.Pandoc.XML
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath (texMathToInlines)
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math (texMathToInlines)
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Shared (linesToPara, splitBy)
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
@@ -435,7 +435,8 @@ inlineToICML opts style SoftBreak =
 inlineToICML _ style LineBreak = charStyle style $ text lineSeparator
 inlineToICML _ _ PageBreak = return empty
 inlineToICML opts style (Math mt str) =
-  cat <$> mapM (inlineToICML opts style) (texMathToInlines mt str)
+  lift (texMathToInlines mt str) >>=
+    (fmap cat . mapM (inlineToICML opts style))
 inlineToICML _ _ (RawInline f str)
   | f == Format "icml" = return $ text str
   | otherwise          = return empty
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Man.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Man.hs
index 27cf22b41..a9a30fd45 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Man.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Man.hs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Templates
 import Text.Pandoc.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Text.Printf ( printf )
 import Data.List ( stripPrefix, intersperse, intercalate )
 import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
@@ -342,9 +342,9 @@ inlineToMan _ (Str str@('.':_)) =
   return $ afterBreak "\\&" <> text (escapeString str)
 inlineToMan _ (Str str) = return $ text $ escapeString str
 inlineToMan opts (Math InlineMath str) =
-  inlineListToMan opts $ texMathToInlines InlineMath str
+  lift (texMathToInlines InlineMath str) >>= inlineListToMan opts
 inlineToMan opts (Math DisplayMath str) = do
-  contents <- inlineListToMan opts $ texMathToInlines DisplayMath str
+  contents <- lift (texMathToInlines DisplayMath str) >>= inlineListToMan opts
   return $ cr <> text ".RS" $$ contents $$ text ".RE"
 inlineToMan _ (RawInline f str)
   | f == Format "man" = return $ text str
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Markdown.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Markdown.hs
index 092693ea4..66e0365d8 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Markdown.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Markdown.hs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import Control.Monad.Reader
 import Control.Monad.State
 import Control.Monad.Except (throwError)
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.HTML (writeHtmlString)
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath (texMathToInlines)
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math (texMathToInlines)
 import Text.HTML.TagSoup (parseTags, isTagText, Tag(..))
 import Network.URI (isURI)
 import Data.Default
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pandocToMarkdown opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = do
                         Nothing -> empty
   let headerBlocks = filter isHeaderBlock blocks
   toc <- if writerTableOfContents opts
-         then lift $ lift $ tableOfContents opts headerBlocks
+         then liftPandoc $ tableOfContents opts headerBlocks
          else return empty
   -- Strip off final 'references' header if markdown citations enabled
   let blocks' = if isEnabled Ext_citations opts
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ blockToMarkdown' opts t@(Table caption aligns widths headers rows) =  do
                              rawHeaders rawRows
                   | isEnabled Ext_raw_html opts -> fmap (id,) $
                          text <$>
-                         (lift $ lift $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [t])
+                         (liftPandoc $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [t])
                   | otherwise -> return $ (id, text "[TABLE]")
   return $ nst $ tbl $$ blankline $$ caption'' $$ blankline
 blockToMarkdown' opts (BulletList items) = do
@@ -985,9 +985,9 @@ inlineToMarkdown opts (Math InlineMath str) =
              return $ "\\\\(" <> text str <> "\\\\)"
          | otherwise -> do
              plain <- asks envPlain
-             inlineListToMarkdown opts $
-               (if plain then makeMathPlainer else id) $
-               texMathToInlines InlineMath str
+             (liftPandoc (texMathToInlines InlineMath str)) >>=
+               inlineListToMarkdown opts .
+                 (if plain then makeMathPlainer else id)
 inlineToMarkdown opts (Math DisplayMath str) =
   case writerHTMLMathMethod opts of
       WebTeX url -> (\x -> blankline <> x <> blankline) `fmap`
@@ -1000,7 +1000,8 @@ inlineToMarkdown opts (Math DisplayMath str) =
         | isEnabled Ext_tex_math_double_backslash opts ->
             return $ "\\\\[" <> text str <> "\\\\]"
         | otherwise -> (\x -> cr <> x <> cr) `fmap`
-              inlineListToMarkdown opts (texMathToInlines DisplayMath str)
+            (liftPandoc (texMathToInlines DisplayMath str) >>=
+              inlineListToMarkdown opts)
 inlineToMarkdown opts (RawInline f str) = do
   plain <- asks envPlain
   if not plain &&
@@ -1062,7 +1063,7 @@ inlineToMarkdown opts lnk@(Link attr txt (src, tit))
   | isEnabled Ext_raw_html opts &&
     not (isEnabled Ext_link_attributes opts) &&
     attr /= nullAttr = -- use raw HTML
-    (text . trim) <$> (lift $ lift $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [Plain [lnk]])
+    (text . trim) <$> (liftPandoc $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [Plain [lnk]])
   | otherwise = do
   plain <- asks envPlain
   linktext <- inlineListToMarkdown opts txt
@@ -1101,7 +1102,7 @@ inlineToMarkdown opts img@(Image attr alternate (source, tit))
   | isEnabled Ext_raw_html opts &&
     not (isEnabled Ext_link_attributes opts) &&
     attr /= nullAttr = -- use raw HTML
-    (text . trim) <$> (lift $ lift $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [Plain [img]])
+    (text . trim) <$> (liftPandoc $ writeHtmlString def $ Pandoc nullMeta [Plain [img]])
   | otherwise = do
   plain <- asks envPlain
   let txt = if null alternate || alternate == [Str source]
@@ -1125,3 +1126,6 @@ makeMathPlainer = walk go
   where
   go (Emph xs) = Span nullAttr xs
   go x = x
+
+liftPandoc :: PandocMonad m => m a -> MD m a
+liftPandoc = lift . lift
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Math.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Math.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4540a2479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/Math.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+module Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
+  ( texMathToInlines
+  , convertMath
+  )
+where
+
+import Text.Pandoc.Class
+import Text.Pandoc.Definition
+import Text.TeXMath (Exp, writePandoc, DisplayType(..), readTeX)
+
+-- | Converts a raw TeX math formula to a list of 'Pandoc' inlines.
+-- Defaults to raw formula between @$@ or @$$@ characters if entire formula
+-- can't be converted.
+texMathToInlines :: PandocMonad m
+                 => MathType
+                 -> String    -- ^ String to parse (assumes @'\n'@ line endings)
+                 -> m [Inline]
+texMathToInlines mt inp = do
+  res <- convertMath writePandoc mt inp
+  case res of
+       Right (Just ils)  -> return ils
+       Right (Nothing)   -> return [mkFallback mt inp]
+       Left il           -> return [il]
+
+mkFallback :: MathType -> String -> Inline
+mkFallback mt str = Str (delim ++ str ++ delim)
+   where delim = case mt of
+                      DisplayMath -> "$$"
+                      InlineMath  -> "$"
+
+-- | Converts a raw TeX math formula using a writer function,
+-- issuing a warning and producing a fallback (a raw string)
+-- on failure.
+convertMath :: PandocMonad m
+            => (DisplayType -> [Exp] -> a) -> MathType -> String
+            -> m (Either Inline a)
+convertMath writer mt str = do
+  case writer dt <$> readTeX str of
+       Right r  -> return (Right r)
+       Left e   -> do
+         warn $ "Could not convert TeX math, rendering as raw TeX:\n" ++
+                 str ++ "\n" ++ e
+         return (Left $ mkFallback mt str)
+   where dt = case mt of
+                   DisplayMath -> DisplayBlock
+                   InlineMath  -> DisplayInline
+
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/OpenDocument.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/OpenDocument.hs
index 903c94828..1a758193a 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/OpenDocument.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/OpenDocument.hs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Options
 import Text.Pandoc.XML
 import Text.Pandoc.Shared (linesToPara)
 import Text.Pandoc.Templates (renderTemplate')
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
 import Text.Pandoc.Readers.Odt.StyleReader
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Text.Pandoc.Pretty
 import Text.Printf ( printf )
 import Control.Arrow ( (***), (>>>) )
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ plainToPara x = x
 -- OpenDocument writer
 --
 
+type OD m = StateT WriterState m
+
 data WriterState =
     WriterState { stNotes         :: [Doc]
                 , stTableStyles   :: [Doc]
@@ -90,40 +92,40 @@ defaultWriterState =
 when :: Bool -> Doc -> Doc
 when p a = if p then a else empty
 
-addTableStyle :: Doc -> State WriterState ()
+addTableStyle :: PandocMonad m => Doc -> OD m ()
 addTableStyle i = modify $ \s -> s { stTableStyles = i : stTableStyles s }
 
-addNote :: Doc -> State WriterState ()
+addNote :: PandocMonad m => Doc -> OD m ()
 addNote i = modify $ \s -> s { stNotes = i : stNotes s }
 
-addParaStyle :: Doc -> State WriterState ()
+addParaStyle :: PandocMonad m => Doc -> OD m ()
 addParaStyle i = modify $ \s -> s { stParaStyles = i : stParaStyles s }
 
-addTextStyle :: Set.Set TextStyle -> (String, Doc) -> State WriterState ()
+addTextStyle :: PandocMonad m => Set.Set TextStyle -> (String, Doc) -> OD m ()
 addTextStyle attrs i = modify $ \s ->
   s { stTextStyles = Map.insert attrs i (stTextStyles s) }
 
-addTextStyleAttr :: TextStyle -> State WriterState ()
+addTextStyleAttr :: PandocMonad m => TextStyle -> OD m ()
 addTextStyleAttr t = modify $ \s ->
   s { stTextStyleAttr = Set.insert t (stTextStyleAttr s) }
 
-increaseIndent :: State WriterState ()
+increaseIndent :: PandocMonad m => OD m ()
 increaseIndent = modify $ \s -> s { stIndentPara = 1 + stIndentPara s }
 
-resetIndent :: State WriterState ()
+resetIndent :: PandocMonad m => OD m ()
 resetIndent = modify $ \s -> s { stIndentPara = (stIndentPara s) - 1 }
 
-inTightList :: State WriterState a -> State WriterState a
+inTightList :: PandocMonad m => OD m a -> OD m a
 inTightList  f = modify (\s -> s { stTight = True  }) >> f >>= \r ->
                  modify (\s -> s { stTight = False }) >> return r
 
-setInDefinitionList :: Bool -> State WriterState ()
+setInDefinitionList :: PandocMonad m => Bool -> OD m ()
 setInDefinitionList b = modify $  \s -> s { stInDefinition = b }
 
-setFirstPara :: State WriterState ()
+setFirstPara :: PandocMonad m => OD m ()
 setFirstPara =  modify $  \s -> s { stFirstPara = True }
 
-inParagraphTags :: Doc -> State WriterState Doc
+inParagraphTags :: PandocMonad m => Doc -> OD m Doc
 inParagraphTags d | isEmpty d = return empty
 inParagraphTags d = do
   b <- gets stFirstPara
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ inParagraphTagsWithStyle sty = inTags False "text:p" [("text:style-name", sty)]
 inSpanTags :: String -> Doc -> Doc
 inSpanTags s = inTags False "text:span" [("text:style-name",s)]
 
-withTextStyle :: TextStyle -> State WriterState a -> State WriterState a
+withTextStyle :: PandocMonad m => TextStyle -> OD m a -> OD m a
 withTextStyle s f = do
   oldTextStyleAttr <- gets stTextStyleAttr
   addTextStyleAttr s
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ withTextStyle s f = do
   modify $ \st -> st{ stTextStyleAttr = oldTextStyleAttr }
   return res
 
-inTextStyle :: Doc -> State WriterState Doc
+inTextStyle :: PandocMonad m => Doc -> OD m Doc
 inTextStyle d = do
   at <- gets stTextStyleAttr
   if Set.null at
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ inTextStyle d = do
               return $ inTags False
                   "text:span" [("text:style-name",styleName)] d
 
-inHeaderTags :: Int -> Doc -> State WriterState Doc
+inHeaderTags :: PandocMonad m => Int -> Doc -> OD m Doc
 inHeaderTags i d =
   return $ inTags False "text:h" [ ("text:style-name", "Heading_20_" ++ show i)
                                  , ("text:outline-level", show i)] d
@@ -192,12 +194,12 @@ handleSpaces s
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc document to string in OpenDocument format.
 writeOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
-writeOpenDocument opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = return $
+writeOpenDocument opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = do
   let colwidth = if writerWrapText opts == WrapAuto
                     then Just $ writerColumns opts
                     else Nothing
-      render' = render colwidth
-      ((body, metadata),s) = flip runState
+  let render' = render colwidth
+  ((body, metadata),s) <- flip runStateT
         defaultWriterState $ do
            m <- metaToJSON opts
                   (fmap (render colwidth) . blocksToOpenDocument opts)
@@ -210,33 +212,36 @@ writeOpenDocument opts (Pandoc meta blocks) = return $
                         Map.elems (stTextStyles s))
       listStyle (n,l) = inTags True "text:list-style"
                           [("style:name", "L" ++ show n)] (vcat l)
-      listStyles  = map listStyle (stListStyles s)
-      automaticStyles = vcat $ reverse $ styles ++ listStyles
-      context = defField "body" body
+  let listStyles  = map listStyle (stListStyles s)
+  let automaticStyles = vcat $ reverse $ styles ++ listStyles
+  let context = defField "body" body
               $ defField "automatic-styles" (render' automaticStyles)
               $ metadata
-  in  case writerTemplate opts of
-           Nothing  -> body
-           Just tpl -> renderTemplate' tpl context
+  return $ case writerTemplate opts of
+                Nothing  -> body
+                Just tpl -> renderTemplate' tpl context
 
-withParagraphStyle :: WriterOptions -> String -> [Block] -> State WriterState Doc
+withParagraphStyle :: PandocMonad m
+                   => WriterOptions -> String -> [Block] -> OD m Doc
 withParagraphStyle  o s (b:bs)
     | Para l <- b = go =<< inParagraphTagsWithStyle s <$> inlinesToOpenDocument o l
     | otherwise   = go =<< blockToOpenDocument o b
     where go i = (<>) i <$>  withParagraphStyle o s bs
 withParagraphStyle _ _ [] = return empty
 
-inPreformattedTags :: String -> State WriterState Doc
+inPreformattedTags :: PandocMonad m => String -> OD m Doc
 inPreformattedTags s = do
   n <- paraStyle [("style:parent-style-name","Preformatted_20_Text")]
   return . inParagraphTagsWithStyle ("P" ++ show n) . handleSpaces $ s
 
-orderedListToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> Int -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+orderedListToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                          => WriterOptions -> Int -> [[Block]] -> OD m Doc
 orderedListToOpenDocument o pn bs =
     vcat . map (inTagsIndented "text:list-item") <$>
     mapM (orderedItemToOpenDocument o pn . map plainToPara) bs
 
-orderedItemToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> Int -> [Block] -> State WriterState Doc
+orderedItemToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                          => WriterOptions -> Int -> [Block] -> OD m Doc
 orderedItemToOpenDocument  o n (b:bs)
     | OrderedList a l <- b = newLevel a l
     | Para          l <- b = go =<< inParagraphTagsWithStyle ("P" ++ show n) <$> inlinesToOpenDocument o l
@@ -256,7 +261,8 @@ isTightList (b:_)
     | Plain {} : _ <- b = True
     | otherwise         = False
 
-newOrderedListStyle :: Bool -> ListAttributes -> State WriterState (Int,Int)
+newOrderedListStyle :: PandocMonad m
+                    => Bool -> ListAttributes -> OD m (Int,Int)
 newOrderedListStyle b a = do
   ln <- (+) 1 . length  <$> gets stListStyles
   let nbs = orderedListLevelStyle a (ln, [])
@@ -264,7 +270,8 @@ newOrderedListStyle b a = do
   modify $ \s -> s { stListStyles = nbs : stListStyles s }
   return (ln,pn)
 
-bulletListToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+bulletListToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                         => WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> OD m Doc
 bulletListToOpenDocument o b = do
   ln <- (+) 1 . length <$> gets stListStyles
   (pn,ns) <- if isTightList b then inTightList (bulletListStyle ln) else bulletListStyle ln
@@ -272,11 +279,13 @@ bulletListToOpenDocument o b = do
   is <- listItemsToOpenDocument ("P" ++ show pn) o b
   return $ inTags True "text:list" [("text:style-name", "L" ++ show ln)] is
 
-listItemsToOpenDocument :: String -> WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+listItemsToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                        => String -> WriterOptions -> [[Block]] -> OD m Doc
 listItemsToOpenDocument s o is =
     vcat . map (inTagsIndented "text:list-item") <$> mapM (withParagraphStyle o s . map plainToPara) is
 
-deflistItemToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> ([Inline],[[Block]]) -> State WriterState Doc
+deflistItemToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                          => WriterOptions -> ([Inline],[[Block]]) -> OD m Doc
 deflistItemToOpenDocument o (t,d) = do
   let ts = if isTightList d
            then "Definition_20_Term_20_Tight"       else "Definition_20_Term"
@@ -286,7 +295,8 @@ deflistItemToOpenDocument o (t,d) = do
   d' <- liftM vcat $ mapM (withParagraphStyle o ds . (map plainToPara)) d
   return $ t' $$ d'
 
-inBlockQuote :: WriterOptions -> Int -> [Block] -> State WriterState Doc
+inBlockQuote :: PandocMonad m
+             => WriterOptions -> Int -> [Block] -> OD m Doc
 inBlockQuote  o i (b:bs)
     | BlockQuote l <- b = do increaseIndent
                              ni <- paraStyle
@@ -298,11 +308,11 @@ inBlockQuote  o i (b:bs)
 inBlockQuote     _ _ [] =  resetIndent >> return empty
 
 -- | Convert a list of Pandoc blocks to OpenDocument.
-blocksToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> [Block] -> State WriterState Doc
+blocksToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Block] -> OD m Doc
 blocksToOpenDocument o b = vcat <$> mapM (blockToOpenDocument o) b
 
 -- | Convert a Pandoc block element to OpenDocument.
-blockToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> Block -> State WriterState Doc
+blockToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Block -> OD m Doc
 blockToOpenDocument o bs
     | Plain          b <- bs = if null b
                                   then return empty
@@ -374,29 +384,35 @@ blockToOpenDocument o bs
       endsWithPageBreak [PageBreak] = True
       endsWithPageBreak (_ : xs)    = endsWithPageBreak xs
 
-      paragraph :: [Inline] -> State WriterState Doc
+      paragraph :: PandocMonad m => [Inline] -> OD m Doc
       paragraph []                                          = return empty
       paragraph (PageBreak : rest) | endsWithPageBreak rest = paraWithBreak PageBoth rest
       paragraph (PageBreak : rest)                          = paraWithBreak PageBefore rest
       paragraph inlines | endsWithPageBreak inlines         = paraWithBreak PageAfter inlines
       paragraph inlines                                     = inParagraphTags =<< inlinesToOpenDocument o inlines
 
-      paraWithBreak :: ParaBreak -> [Inline] -> State WriterState Doc
+      paraWithBreak :: PandocMonad m => ParaBreak -> [Inline] -> OD m Doc
       paraWithBreak breakKind bs = do
         pn <- paraBreakStyle breakKind
         withParagraphStyle o ("P" ++ show pn) [Para bs]
 
-colHeadsToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> String -> [String] -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+colHeadsToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                       => WriterOptions -> String -> [String] -> [[Block]]
+                       -> OD m Doc
 colHeadsToOpenDocument o tn ns hs =
     inTagsIndented "table:table-header-rows" . inTagsIndented "table:table-row" . vcat <$>
     mapM (tableItemToOpenDocument o tn) (zip ns hs)
 
-tableRowToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> String -> [String] -> [[Block]] -> State WriterState Doc
+tableRowToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                       => WriterOptions -> String -> [String] -> [[Block]]
+                       -> OD m Doc
 tableRowToOpenDocument o tn ns cs =
     inTagsIndented "table:table-row" . vcat <$>
     mapM (tableItemToOpenDocument o tn) (zip ns cs)
 
-tableItemToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> String -> (String,[Block])-> State WriterState Doc
+tableItemToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m
+                        => WriterOptions -> String -> (String,[Block])
+                        -> OD m Doc
 tableItemToOpenDocument o tn (n,i) =
   let a = [ ("table:style-name" , tn ++ ".A1" )
           , ("office:value-type", "string"     )
@@ -405,10 +421,10 @@ tableItemToOpenDocument o tn (n,i) =
       withParagraphStyle o n (map plainToPara i)
 
 -- | Convert a list of inline elements to OpenDocument.
-inlinesToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> State WriterState Doc
+inlinesToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> OD m Doc
 inlinesToOpenDocument o l = hcat <$> toChunks o l
 
-toChunks :: WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> State WriterState [Doc]
+toChunks :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> [Inline] -> OD m [Doc]
 toChunks _ [] = return []
 toChunks o (x : xs)
   | isChunkable x = do
@@ -429,7 +445,7 @@ isChunkable SoftBreak = True
 isChunkable _ = False
 
 -- | Convert an inline element to OpenDocument.
-inlineToOpenDocument :: WriterOptions -> Inline -> State WriterState Doc
+inlineToOpenDocument :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Inline -> OD m Doc
 inlineToOpenDocument o ils
   = case ils of
     Space         -> return space
@@ -448,7 +464,8 @@ inlineToOpenDocument o ils
     SmallCaps   l -> withTextStyle SmallC $ inlinesToOpenDocument o l
     Quoted    t l -> inQuotes t <$> inlinesToOpenDocument o l
     Code      _ s -> inlinedCode $ preformatted s
-    Math      t s -> inlinesToOpenDocument o (texMathToInlines t s)
+    Math      t s -> lift (texMathToInlines t s) >>=
+                         inlinesToOpenDocument o
     Cite      _ l -> inlinesToOpenDocument o l
     RawInline f s -> if f == Format "opendocument"
                        then return $ text s
@@ -489,18 +506,18 @@ inlineToOpenDocument o ils
         addNote nn
         return nn
 
-bulletListStyle :: Int -> State WriterState (Int,(Int,[Doc]))
-bulletListStyle l =
-    let doStyles  i = inTags True "text:list-level-style-bullet"
-                      [ ("text:level"      , show (i + 1)       )
-                      , ("text:style-name" , "Bullet_20_Symbols")
-                      , ("style:num-suffix", "."                )
-                      , ("text:bullet-char", [bulletList !! i]  )
-                      ] (listLevelStyle (1 + i))
-        bulletList  = map chr $ cycle [8226,8227,8259]
-        listElStyle = map doStyles [0..9]
-    in  do pn <- paraListStyle l
-           return (pn, (l, listElStyle))
+bulletListStyle :: PandocMonad m => Int -> OD m (Int,(Int,[Doc]))
+bulletListStyle l = do
+  let doStyles  i = inTags True "text:list-level-style-bullet"
+                    [ ("text:level"      , show (i + 1)       )
+                    , ("text:style-name" , "Bullet_20_Symbols")
+                    , ("style:num-suffix", "."                )
+                    , ("text:bullet-char", [bulletList !! i]  )
+                    ] (listLevelStyle (1 + i))
+      bulletList  = map chr $ cycle [8226,8227,8259]
+      listElStyle = map doStyles [0..9]
+  pn <- paraListStyle l
+  return (pn, (l, listElStyle))
 
 orderedListLevelStyle :: ListAttributes -> (Int, [Doc]) -> (Int,[Doc])
 orderedListLevelStyle (s,n, d) (l,ls) =
@@ -554,7 +571,7 @@ tableStyle num wcs =
         columnStyles   = map colStyle wcs
     in  table $$ vcat columnStyles $$ cellStyle
 
-paraStyle :: [(String,String)] -> State WriterState Int
+paraStyle :: PandocMonad m => [(String,String)] -> OD m Int
 paraStyle attrs = do
   pn <- (+)   1 . length       <$> gets stParaStyles
   i  <- (*) 0.5 . fromIntegral <$> gets stIndentPara :: State WriterState Double
@@ -578,14 +595,13 @@ paraStyle attrs = do
   addParaStyle $ inTags True "style:style" (styleAttr ++ attrs) paraProps
   return pn
 
-paraBreakStyle :: ParaBreak -> State WriterState Int
+paraBreakStyle :: PandocMonad m => ParaBreak -> OD m Int
 paraBreakStyle PageBefore = paraStyle "Text_20_body" [("fo:break-before", "page")]
 paraBreakStyle PageAfter  = paraStyle "Text_20_body" [("fo:break-after", "page")]
 paraBreakStyle PageBoth   = paraStyle "Text_20_body" [("fo:break-before", "page"), ("fo:break-after", "page")]
 paraBreakStyle AutoNone   = paraStyle "Text_20_body" []
 
-
-paraListStyle :: Int -> State WriterState Int
+paraListStyle :: PandocMonad m => Int -> OD m Int
 paraListStyle l = paraStyle
   [("style:parent-style-name","Text_20_body")
   ,("style:list-style-name", "L" ++ show l )]
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/RTF.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/RTF.hs
index f5d56d021..f71c97334 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/RTF.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Writers/RTF.hs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import Text.Pandoc.Definition
 import Text.Pandoc.Options
 import Text.Pandoc.Shared
 import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared
-import Text.Pandoc.Readers.TeXMath
+import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Math
 import Text.Pandoc.Templates (renderTemplate')
 import Text.Pandoc.Walk
 import Data.List ( isSuffixOf, intercalate )
@@ -83,49 +83,50 @@ rtfEmbedImage opts x@(Image attr _ (src,_)) = do
 rtfEmbedImage _ x = return x
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc to a string in rich text format, with
--- images embedded as encoded binary data.
-writeRTFWithEmbeddedImages :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
+-- images embedded as encoded binary data.  TODO get rid of this,
+-- we don't need it now that we have writeRTF in PandocMonad.
+writeRTFWithEmbeddedImages :: PandocMonad m
+                           => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
 writeRTFWithEmbeddedImages options doc =
-  writeRTF options `fmap` walkM (rtfEmbedImage options) doc
+  writeRTF options =<< walkM (rtfEmbedImage options) doc
 
 -- | Convert Pandoc to a string in rich text format.
-writeRTF :: WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> String
-writeRTF options (Pandoc meta@(Meta metamap) blocks) =
+writeRTF :: PandocMonad m => WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> m String
+writeRTF options (Pandoc meta@(Meta metamap) blocks) = do
   let spacer = not $ all null $ docTitle meta : docDate meta : docAuthors meta
-      toPlain (MetaBlocks [Para ils]) = MetaInlines ils
+  let toPlain (MetaBlocks [Para ils]) = MetaInlines ils
       toPlain x = x
-      -- adjust title, author, date so we don't get para inside para
-      meta'  = Meta $ M.adjust toPlain "title"
+  -- adjust title, author, date so we don't get para inside para
+  let meta'  = Meta $ M.adjust toPlain "title"
                     . M.adjust toPlain "author"
                     . M.adjust toPlain "date"
                     $ metamap
-      Just metadata = metaToJSON options
-              (Just . concatMap (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault))
-              (Just . inlineListToRTF)
+  metadata <- metaToJSON options
+              (fmap concat . mapM (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault))
+              (inlinesToRTF)
               meta'
-      body = concatMap (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault) blocks
-      isTOCHeader (Header lev _ _) = lev <= writerTOCDepth options
+  body <- blocksToRTF 0 AlignDefault blocks
+  let isTOCHeader (Header lev _ _) = lev <= writerTOCDepth options
       isTOCHeader _ = False
-      context = defField "body" body
+  toc <- tableOfContents $ filter isTOCHeader blocks
+  let context = defField "body" body
               $ defField "spacer" spacer
               $ (if writerTableOfContents options
-                    then defField "toc"
-                          (tableOfContents $ filter isTOCHeader blocks)
+                    then defField "toc" toc
                     else id)
               $ metadata
-  in  case writerTemplate options of
+  return $ case writerTemplate options of
            Just tpl -> renderTemplate' tpl context
            Nothing  -> case reverse body of
                             ('\n':_) -> body
                             _        -> body ++ "\n"
 
 -- | Construct table of contents from list of header blocks.
-tableOfContents :: [Block] -> String
-tableOfContents headers =
-  let contentsTree = hierarchicalize headers
-  in  concatMap (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault) $
-      [Header 1 nullAttr [Str "Contents"],
-       BulletList (map elementToListItem contentsTree)]
+tableOfContents :: PandocMonad m => [Block] -> m String
+tableOfContents headers = do
+  let contents = map elementToListItem $ hierarchicalize headers
+  blocksToRTF 0 AlignDefault $
+      [Header 1 nullAttr [Str "Contents"], BulletList contents]
 
 elementToListItem :: Element -> [Block]
 elementToListItem (Blk _) = []
@@ -227,66 +228,81 @@ orderedMarkers indent (start, style, delim) =
               _ -> orderedListMarkers (start, LowerAlpha, Period)
      else orderedListMarkers (start, style, delim)
 
+blocksToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+            => Int
+            -> Alignment
+            -> [Block]
+            -> m String
+blocksToRTF indent align = fmap concat . mapM (blockToRTF indent align)
+
 -- | Convert Pandoc block element to RTF.
-blockToRTF :: Int       -- ^ indent level
+blockToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+           => Int       -- ^ indent level
            -> Alignment -- ^ alignment
            -> Block     -- ^ block to convert
-           -> String
-blockToRTF _ _ Null = ""
+           -> m String
+blockToRTF _ _ Null = return ""
 blockToRTF indent alignment (Div _ bs) =
-  concatMap (blockToRTF indent alignment) bs
+  blocksToRTF indent alignment bs
 blockToRTF indent alignment (Plain lst) =
-  rtfCompact indent 0 alignment $ inlineListToRTF lst
+  rtfCompact indent 0 alignment <$> inlinesToRTF lst
 blockToRTF indent alignment (Para lst) =
-  rtfPar indent 0 alignment $ inlineListToRTF lst
+  rtfPar indent 0 alignment <$> inlinesToRTF lst
 blockToRTF indent alignment (LineBlock lns) =
   blockToRTF indent alignment $ linesToPara lns
 blockToRTF indent alignment (BlockQuote lst) =
-  concatMap (blockToRTF (indent + indentIncrement) alignment) lst
+  blocksToRTF (indent + indentIncrement) alignment lst
 blockToRTF indent _ (CodeBlock _ str) =
-  rtfPar indent 0 AlignLeft ("\\f1 " ++ (codeStringToRTF str))
+  return $ rtfPar indent 0 AlignLeft ("\\f1 " ++ (codeStringToRTF str))
 blockToRTF _ _ (RawBlock f str)
-  | f == Format "rtf" = str
-  | otherwise         = ""
-blockToRTF indent alignment (BulletList lst) = spaceAtEnd $
-  concatMap (listItemToRTF alignment indent (bulletMarker indent)) lst
-blockToRTF indent alignment (OrderedList attribs lst) = spaceAtEnd $ concat $
-  zipWith (listItemToRTF alignment indent) (orderedMarkers indent attribs) lst
-blockToRTF indent alignment (DefinitionList lst) = spaceAtEnd $
-  concatMap (definitionListItemToRTF alignment indent) lst
-blockToRTF indent _ HorizontalRule =
+  | f == Format "rtf" = return str
+  | otherwise         = return ""
+blockToRTF indent alignment (BulletList lst) = (spaceAtEnd . concat) <$>
+  mapM (listItemToRTF alignment indent (bulletMarker indent)) lst
+blockToRTF indent alignment (OrderedList attribs lst) =
+  (spaceAtEnd . concat) <$>
+   mapM (\(x,y) -> listItemToRTF alignment indent x y)
+   (zip (orderedMarkers indent attribs) lst)
+blockToRTF indent alignment (DefinitionList lst) = (spaceAtEnd . concat) <$>
+  mapM (definitionListItemToRTF alignment indent) lst
+blockToRTF indent _ HorizontalRule = return $
   rtfPar indent 0 AlignCenter "\\emdash\\emdash\\emdash\\emdash\\emdash"
-blockToRTF indent alignment (Header level _ lst) = rtfPar indent 0 alignment $
-  "\\b \\fs" ++ (show (40 - (level * 4))) ++ " " ++ inlineListToRTF lst
-blockToRTF indent alignment (Table caption aligns sizes headers rows) =
-  (if all null headers
-      then ""
-      else tableRowToRTF True indent aligns sizes headers) ++
-  concatMap (tableRowToRTF False indent aligns sizes) rows ++
-  rtfPar indent 0 alignment (inlineListToRTF caption)
+blockToRTF indent alignment (Header level _ lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ rtfPar indent 0 alignment $
+             "\\b \\fs" ++ (show (40 - (level * 4))) ++ " " ++ contents
+blockToRTF indent alignment (Table caption aligns sizes headers rows) = do
+  caption' <- inlinesToRTF caption
+  header' <- if all null headers
+                then return ""
+                else tableRowToRTF True indent aligns sizes headers
+  rows' <- concat <$> mapM (tableRowToRTF False indent aligns sizes) rows
+  return $ header' ++ rows' ++ rtfPar indent 0 alignment caption'
 
-tableRowToRTF :: Bool -> Int -> [Alignment] -> [Double] -> [[Block]] -> String
-tableRowToRTF header indent aligns sizes' cols =
+tableRowToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+              => Bool -> Int -> [Alignment] -> [Double] -> [[Block]] -> m String
+tableRowToRTF header indent aligns sizes' cols = do
   let totalTwips = 6 * 1440 -- 6 inches
-      sizes = if all (== 0) sizes'
+  let sizes = if all (== 0) sizes'
                  then take (length cols) $ repeat (1.0 / fromIntegral (length cols))
                  else sizes'
-      columns = concat $ zipWith (tableItemToRTF indent) aligns cols
-      rightEdges = tail $ scanl (\sofar new -> sofar + floor (new * totalTwips))
+  columns <- concat <$> mapM (\(x,y) -> tableItemToRTF indent x y)
+                         (zip aligns cols)
+  let rightEdges = tail $ scanl (\sofar new -> sofar + floor (new * totalTwips))
                                 (0 :: Integer) sizes
-      cellDefs = map (\edge -> (if header
+  let cellDefs = map (\edge -> (if header
                                    then "\\clbrdrb\\brdrs"
                                    else "") ++ "\\cellx" ++ show edge)
                      rightEdges
-      start = "{\n\\trowd \\trgaph120\n" ++ concat cellDefs ++ "\n" ++
+  let start = "{\n\\trowd \\trgaph120\n" ++ concat cellDefs ++ "\n" ++
               "\\trkeep\\intbl\n{\n"
-      end = "}\n\\intbl\\row}\n"
-  in  start ++ columns ++ end
+  let end = "}\n\\intbl\\row}\n"
+  return $ start ++ columns ++ end
 
-tableItemToRTF :: Int -> Alignment -> [Block] -> String
-tableItemToRTF indent alignment item =
-  let contents = concatMap (blockToRTF indent alignment) item
-  in  "{" ++ substitute "\\pard" "\\pard\\intbl" contents ++ "\\cell}\n"
+tableItemToRTF :: PandocMonad m => Int -> Alignment -> [Block] -> m String
+tableItemToRTF indent alignment item = do
+  contents <- blocksToRTF indent alignment item
+  return $ "{" ++ substitute "\\pard" "\\pard\\intbl" contents ++ "\\cell}\n"
 
 -- | Ensure that there's the same amount of space after compact
 -- lists as after regular lists.
@@ -297,74 +313,93 @@ spaceAtEnd str =
      else str
 
 -- | Convert list item (list of blocks) to RTF.
-listItemToRTF :: Alignment  -- ^ alignment
+listItemToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+              => Alignment  -- ^ alignment
               -> Int        -- ^ indent level
               -> String     -- ^ list start marker
               -> [Block]    -- ^ list item (list of blocks)
-              -> [Char]
-listItemToRTF alignment indent marker [] =
+              -> m String
+listItemToRTF alignment indent marker [] = return $
   rtfCompact (indent + listIncrement) (0 - listIncrement) alignment
              (marker ++ "\\tx" ++ (show listIncrement) ++ "\\tab ")
-listItemToRTF alignment indent marker list =
-  let (first:rest) = map (blockToRTF (indent + listIncrement) alignment) list
-      listMarker = "\\fi" ++ show (0 - listIncrement) ++ " " ++ marker ++ "\\tx" ++
-                      show listIncrement ++ "\\tab"
-      insertListMarker ('\\':'f':'i':'-':d:xs) | isDigit d =
+listItemToRTF alignment indent marker list = do
+  (first:rest) <- mapM (blockToRTF (indent + listIncrement) alignment) list
+  let listMarker = "\\fi" ++ show (0 - listIncrement) ++ " " ++ marker ++
+                   "\\tx" ++ show listIncrement ++ "\\tab"
+  let insertListMarker ('\\':'f':'i':'-':d:xs) | isDigit d =
         listMarker ++ dropWhile isDigit xs
       insertListMarker ('\\':'f':'i':d:xs) | isDigit d =
         listMarker ++ dropWhile isDigit xs
       insertListMarker (x:xs) =
         x : insertListMarker xs
       insertListMarker [] = []
-      -- insert the list marker into the (processed) first block
-  in  insertListMarker first ++ concat rest
+   -- insert the list marker into the (processed) first block
+  return $ insertListMarker first ++ concat rest
 
 -- | Convert definition list item (label, list of blocks) to RTF.
-definitionListItemToRTF :: Alignment          -- ^ alignment
+definitionListItemToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+                        => Alignment          -- ^ alignment
                         -> Int                -- ^ indent level
                         -> ([Inline],[[Block]]) -- ^ list item (list of blocks)
-                        -> [Char]
-definitionListItemToRTF alignment indent (label, defs) =
-  let labelText = blockToRTF indent alignment (Plain label)
-      itemsText = concatMap (blockToRTF (indent + listIncrement) alignment) $
-                    concat defs
-  in  labelText ++ itemsText
+                        -> m String
+definitionListItemToRTF alignment indent (label, defs) = do
+  labelText <- blockToRTF indent alignment (Plain label)
+  itemsText <- blocksToRTF (indent + listIncrement) alignment (concat defs)
+  return $ labelText ++ itemsText
 
 -- | Convert list of inline items to RTF.
-inlineListToRTF :: [Inline]   -- ^ list of inlines to convert
-                -> String
-inlineListToRTF lst = concatMap inlineToRTF lst
+inlinesToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+             => [Inline]   -- ^ list of inlines to convert
+             -> m String
+inlinesToRTF lst = concat <$> mapM inlineToRTF lst
 
 -- | Convert inline item to RTF.
-inlineToRTF :: Inline         -- ^ inline to convert
-            -> String
-inlineToRTF (Span _ lst) = inlineListToRTF lst
-inlineToRTF (Emph lst) = "{\\i " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Strong lst) = "{\\b " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Strikeout lst) = "{\\strike " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Superscript lst) = "{\\super " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Subscript lst) = "{\\sub " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (SmallCaps lst) = "{\\scaps " ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Quoted SingleQuote lst) =
-  "\\u8216'" ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "\\u8217'"
-inlineToRTF (Quoted DoubleQuote lst) =
-  "\\u8220\"" ++ (inlineListToRTF lst) ++ "\\u8221\""
-inlineToRTF (Code _ str) = "{\\f1 " ++ (codeStringToRTF str) ++ "}"
-inlineToRTF (Str str) = stringToRTF str
-inlineToRTF (Math t str) = inlineListToRTF $ texMathToInlines t str
-inlineToRTF (Cite _ lst) = inlineListToRTF lst
+inlineToRTF :: PandocMonad m
+            => Inline         -- ^ inline to convert
+            -> m String
+inlineToRTF (Span _ lst) = inlinesToRTF lst
+inlineToRTF (Emph lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\i " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Strong lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\b " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Strikeout lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\strike " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Superscript lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\super " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Subscript lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\sub " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (SmallCaps lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "{\\scaps " ++ contents ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Quoted SingleQuote lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "\\u8216'" ++ contents ++ "\\u8217'"
+inlineToRTF (Quoted DoubleQuote lst) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF lst
+  return $ "\\u8220\"" ++ contents ++ "\\u8221\""
+inlineToRTF (Code _ str) = return $ "{\\f1 " ++ (codeStringToRTF str) ++ "}"
+inlineToRTF (Str str) = return $ stringToRTF str
+inlineToRTF (Math t str) = texMathToInlines t str >>= inlinesToRTF
+inlineToRTF (Cite _ lst) = inlinesToRTF lst
 inlineToRTF (RawInline f str)
-  | f == Format "rtf" = str
-  | otherwise         = ""
-inlineToRTF LineBreak = "\\line "
-inlineToRTF SoftBreak = " "
-inlineToRTF PageBreak = "\\page "
-inlineToRTF Space = " "
-inlineToRTF (Link _ text (src, _)) =
-  "{\\field{\\*\\fldinst{HYPERLINK \"" ++ (codeStringToRTF src) ++
-  "\"}}{\\fldrslt{\\ul\n" ++ (inlineListToRTF text) ++ "\n}}}\n"
+  | f == Format "rtf" = return str
+  | otherwise         = return ""
+inlineToRTF (LineBreak) = return "\\line "
+inlineToRTF SoftBreak = return " "
+inlineToRTF PageBreak = return "\\page "
+inlineToRTF Space = return " "
+inlineToRTF (Link _ text (src, _)) = do
+  contents <- inlinesToRTF text
+  return $ "{\\field{\\*\\fldinst{HYPERLINK \"" ++ (codeStringToRTF src) ++
+    "\"}}{\\fldrslt{\\ul\n" ++ contents ++ "\n}}}\n"
 inlineToRTF (Image _ _ (source, _)) =
-  "{\\cf1 [image: " ++ source ++ "]\\cf0}"
-inlineToRTF (Note contents) =
-  "{\\super\\chftn}{\\*\\footnote\\chftn\\~\\plain\\pard " ++
-  (concatMap (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault) contents) ++ "}"
+  return $ "{\\cf1 [image: " ++ source ++ "]\\cf0}"
+inlineToRTF (Note contents) = do
+  body <- concat <$> mapM (blockToRTF 0 AlignDefault) contents
+  return $ "{\\super\\chftn}{\\*\\footnote\\chftn\\~\\plain\\pard " ++
+    body ++ "}"