diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'src/share/algebra/browse.daase')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/share/algebra/browse.daase | 626 |
1 files changed, 313 insertions, 313 deletions
diff --git a/src/share/algebra/browse.daase b/src/share/algebra/browse.daase index f4e6e265..c5762f0e 100644 --- a/src/share/algebra/browse.daase +++ b/src/share/algebra/browse.daase @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -(1915153 . 3581079092) +(1891991 . 3662084402) (|OneDimensionalArrayAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "One-dimensional-array aggregates serves as models for one-dimensional arrays. Categorically,{} these aggregates are finite linear aggregates with the shallowly mutable property,{} that is,{} any component of the array may be changed without affecting the identity of the overall array. Array data structures are typically represented by a fixed area in storage and therefore cannot efficiently grow or shrink on demand as can list structures (see however \\spadtype{FlexibleArray} for a data structure which is a cross between a list and an array). Iteration over,{} and access to,{} elements of arrays is extremely fast (and often can be optimized to open-code). Insertion and deletion however is generally slow since an entirely new data structure must be created for the result."))) NIL @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ NIL NIL (|AlgebraicallyClosedField|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Model for algebraically closed fields.")) (|zerosOf| (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zerosOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible,{} and otherwise as implicit algebraic quantities which display as \\spad{'yi}. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{zerosOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible,{} and otherwise as implicit algebraic quantities. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) (|Polynomial| $)) "\\spad{zerosOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible. Otherwise they are implicit algebraic quantities. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}.")) (|zeroOf| (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zeroOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}; if possible,{} \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals. Otherwise it is an implicit algebraic quantity which displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{zeroOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}; if possible,{} \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals. Otherwise it is an implicit algebraic quantity.") (($ (|Polynomial| $)) "\\spad{zeroOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. If possible,{} \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals. Otherwise it is an implicit algebraic quantity. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}.")) (|rootsOf| (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootsOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}; The returned roots display as \\spad{'y1},{}...,{}\\spad{'yn}. Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{rootsOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) (|Polynomial| $)) "\\spad{rootsOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}.")) (|rootOf| (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The object returned displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{rootOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}.") (($ (|Polynomial| $)) "\\spad{rootOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace&| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Model for algebraically closed function spaces.")) (|zerosOf| (((|List| $) $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zerosOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible,{} and otherwise as implicit algebraic quantities which display as \\spad{'yi}. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{zerosOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable.")) (|zeroOf| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zeroOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The value \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals if possible,{}and otherwise as an implicit algebraic quantity which displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{zeroOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The value \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals if possible,{}and otherwise as an implicit algebraic quantity. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable.")) (|rootsOf| (((|List| $) $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootsOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}; The returned roots display as \\spad{'y1},{}...,{}\\spad{'yn}. Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{rootsOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}; Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}.")) (|rootOf| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootOf(p,y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The object returned displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{rootOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}."))) @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ NIL NIL (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Model for algebraically closed function spaces.")) (|zerosOf| (((|List| $) $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zerosOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible,{} and otherwise as implicit algebraic quantities which display as \\spad{'yi}. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{zerosOf(p)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}. The \\spad{yi}'s are expressed in radicals if possible. The returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable.")) (|zeroOf| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{zeroOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The value \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals if possible,{}and otherwise as an implicit algebraic quantity which displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{zeroOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The value \\spad{y} is expressed in terms of radicals if possible,{}and otherwise as an implicit algebraic quantity. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable.")) (|rootsOf| (((|List| $) $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootsOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}; The returned roots display as \\spad{'y1},{}...,{}\\spad{'yn}. Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values.") (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{rootsOf(p, y)} returns \\spad{[y1,...,yn]} such that \\spad{p(yi) = 0}; Note: the returned symbols \\spad{y1},{}...,{}yn are bound in the interpreter to respective root values. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}.")) (|rootOf| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{rootOf(p,y)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. The object returned displays as \\spad{'y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{rootOf(p)} returns \\spad{y} such that \\spad{p(y) = 0}. Error: if \\spad{p} has more than one variable \\spad{y}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T)) NIL (|PlaneAlgebraicCurvePlot|) ((|refine| (($ $ (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{refine(p,x)} \\undocumented{}")) (|makeSketch| (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|)) (|Symbol|) (|Symbol|) (|Segment| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) (|Segment| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\spad{makeSketch(p,x,y,a..b,c..d)} creates an ACPLOT of the curve \\spad{p = 0} in the region {\\em a <= x <= b, c <= y <= d}. More specifically,{} 'makeSketch' plots a non-singular algebraic curve \\spad{p = 0} in an rectangular region {\\em xMin <= x <= xMax},{} {\\em yMin <= y <= yMax}. The user inputs \\spad{makeSketch(p,x,y,xMin..xMax,yMin..yMax)}. Here \\spad{p} is a polynomial in the variables \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} with integer coefficients (\\spad{p} belongs to the domain \\spad{Polynomial Integer}). The case where \\spad{p} is a polynomial in only one of the variables is allowed. The variables \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are input to specify the the coordinate axes. The horizontal axis is the \\spad{x}-axis and the vertical axis is the \\spad{y}-axis. The rational numbers xMin,{}...,{}yMax specify the boundaries of the region in which the curve is to be plotted."))) @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Algebra| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of associative algebras (modules which are themselves rings). \\blankline"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|AlgFactor| UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "Factorization of univariate polynomials with coefficients in \\spadtype{AlgebraicNumber}.")) (|doublyTransitive?| (((|Boolean|) |#1|) "\\spad{doublyTransitive?(p)} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{p} is irreducible over over the field \\spad{K} generated by its coefficients,{} and if \\spad{p(X) / (X - a)} is irreducible over \\spad{K(a)} where \\spad{p(a) = 0}.")) (|split| (((|Factored| |#1|) |#1|) "\\spad{split(p)} returns a prime factorisation of \\spad{p} over its splitting field.")) (|factor| (((|Factored| |#1|) |#1|) "\\spad{factor(p)} returns a prime factorisation of \\spad{p} over the field generated by its coefficients.") (((|Factored| |#1|) |#1| (|List| (|AlgebraicNumber|))) "\\spad{factor(p, [a1,...,an])} returns a prime factorisation of \\spad{p} over the field generated by its coefficients and \\spad{a1},{}...,{}an."))) @@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ NIL NIL (|AlgebraicFunctionField| F UP UPUP |modulus|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Function field defined by \\spad{f}(\\spad{x},{} \\spad{y}) = 0.")) (|knownInfBasis| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{knownInfBasis(n)} \\undocumented{}"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) . #2=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| #1# . #2#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| #1# . #2#) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| #1# #4=(QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #3# (|HasCategory| #1# #5=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #6# #7=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #8=(AND #3# #9=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|))))) (AND #2# #9#)) (OR #8# #11=(AND #3# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#))))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #12=(|Integer|)))) (OR #3# #13=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #12#))))) #13# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| #5#) #7# #11# #6# #8#) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) . #2=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| #1# . #2#) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| #1# #4=(QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #3# (|HasCategory| #1# #5=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #6# #7=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #8=(AND #3# #9=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|))))) (AND #2# #9#)) (OR #8# #11=(AND #3# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#))))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #12=(|Integer|)))) (OR #3# #13=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #12#))))) #13# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| #5#) #11# #7# #6# #8#) (|AlgebraicManipulations| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "AlgebraicManipulations provides functions to simplify and expand expressions involving algebraic operators.")) (|rootKerSimp| ((|#2| (|BasicOperator|) |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rootKerSimp(op,f,n)} should be local but conditional.")) (|rootSimp| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{rootSimp(f)} transforms every radical of the form \\spad{(a * b**(q*n+r))**(1/n)} appearing in \\spad{f} into \\spad{b**q * (a * b**r)**(1/n)}. This transformation is not in general valid for all complex numbers \\spad{b}.")) (|rootProduct| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{rootProduct(f)} combines every product of the form \\spad{(a**(1/n))**m * (a**(1/s))**t} into a single power of a root of \\spad{a},{} and transforms every radical power of the form \\spad{(a**(1/n))**m} into a simpler form.")) (|rootPower| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{rootPower(f)} transforms every radical power of the form \\spad{(a**(1/n))**m} into a simpler form if \\spad{m} and \\spad{n} have a common factor.")) (|ratPoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) |#2|) "\\spad{ratPoly(f)} returns a polynomial \\spad{p} such that \\spad{p} has no algebraic coefficients,{} and \\spad{p(f) = 0}.")) (|ratDenom| ((|#2| |#2| (|List| (|Kernel| |#2|))) "\\spad{ratDenom(f, [a1,...,an])} removes the \\spad{ai}'s which are algebraic from the denominators in \\spad{f}.") ((|#2| |#2| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{ratDenom(f, [a1,...,an])} removes the \\spad{ai}'s which are algebraic kernels from the denominators in \\spad{f}.") ((|#2| |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{ratDenom(f, a)} removes \\spad{a} from the denominators in \\spad{f} if \\spad{a} is an algebraic kernel.") ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{ratDenom(f)} rationalizes the denominators appearing in \\spad{f} by moving all the algebraic quantities into the numerators.")) (|rootSplit| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{rootSplit(f)} transforms every radical of the form \\spad{(a/b)**(1/n)} appearing in \\spad{f} into \\spad{a**(1/n) / b**(1/n)}. This transformation is not in general valid for all complex numbers \\spad{a} and \\spad{b}.")) (|coerce| (($ (|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{coerce(x)} \\undocumented")) (|denom| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{denom(x)} \\undocumented")) (|numer| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{numer(x)} \\undocumented"))) NIL @@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) (|AlgebraGivenByStructuralConstants| R |n| |ls| |gamma|) ((|constructor| (NIL "AlgebraGivenByStructuralConstants implements finite rank algebras over a commutative ring,{} given by the structural constants \\spad{gamma} with respect to a fixed basis \\spad{[a1,..,an]},{} where \\spad{gamma} is an \\spad{n}-vector of \\spad{n} by \\spad{n} matrices \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..rank()]} defined by \\spad{ai * aj = gammaij1 * a1 + ... + gammaijn * an}. The symbols for the fixed basis have to be given as a list of symbols.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(v)} converts a vector to a member of the algebra by forming a linear combination with the basis element. Note: the vector is assumed to have length equal to the dimension of the algebra."))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) +NIL +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|AssociationList| |Key| |Entry|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{AssociationList} implements association lists. These may be viewed as lists of pairs where the first part is a key and the second is the stored value. For example,{} the key might be a string with a persons employee identification number and the value might be a record with personnel data."))) NIL @@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|AbelianMonoidRing| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "Abelian monoid ring elements (not necessarily of finite support) of this ring are of the form formal SUM (r_i * e_i) where the r_i are coefficents and the e_i,{} elements of the ordered abelian monoid,{} are thought of as exponents or monomials. The monomials commute with each other,{} and with the coefficients (which themselves may or may not be commutative). See \\spadtype{FiniteAbelianMonoidRing} for the case of finite support a useful common model for polynomials and power series. Conceptually at least,{} only the non-zero terms are ever operated on.")) (/ (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{p/c} divides \\spad{p} by the coefficient \\spad{c}.")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ |#2|) "\\spad{coefficient(p,e)} extracts the coefficient of the monomial with exponent \\spad{e} from polynomial \\spad{p},{} or returns zero if exponent is not present.")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(u)} returns \\spad{u} minus its leading monomial returns zero if handed the zero element.")) (|monomial| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{monomial(r,e)} makes a term from a coefficient \\spad{r} and an exponent \\spad{e}.")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(p)} tests if \\spad{p} is a single monomial.")) (|degree| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{degree(p)} returns the maximum of the exponents of the terms of \\spad{p}.")) (|leadingMonomial| (($ $) "\\spad{leadingMonomial(p)} returns the monomial of \\spad{p} with the highest degree.")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(p)} returns the coefficient highest degree term of \\spad{p}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|AlgebraicNumber|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Algebraic closure of the rational numbers,{} with mathematical =")) (|norm| (($ $ (|List| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{norm(f,l)} computes the norm of the algebraic number \\spad{f} with respect to the extension generated by kernels \\spad{l}") (($ $ (|Kernel| $)) "\\spad{norm(f,k)} computes the norm of the algebraic number \\spad{f} with respect to the extension generated by kernel \\spad{k}") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|List| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{norm(p,l)} computes the norm of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the extension generated by kernels \\spad{l}") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Kernel| $)) "\\spad{norm(p,k)} computes the norm of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the extension generated by kernel \\spad{k}")) (|reduce| (($ $) "\\spad{reduce(f)} simplifies all the unreduced algebraic numbers present in \\spad{f} by applying their defining relations.")) (|denom| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|) (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{denom(f)} returns the denominator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{Z}.")) (|numer| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|) (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{numer(f)} returns the numerator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{Z}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|Ring|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Integer|))))) (|AnonymousFunction|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements anonymous functions")) (|body| (((|Syntax|) $) "\\spad{body(f)} returns the body of the unnamed function `f'.")) (|parameters| (((|List| (|Identifier|)) $) "\\spad{parameters(f)} returns the list of parameters bound by `f'."))) @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ NIL NIL (|AntiSymm| R |lVar|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The domain of antisymmetric polynomials.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(p)} returns the homogeneous degree of \\spad{p}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{retractable?(p)} tests if \\spad{p} is a 0-form,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} if degree(\\spad{p}) = 0.")) (|homogeneous?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{homogeneous?(p)} tests if all of the terms of \\spad{p} have the same degree.")) (|exp| (($ (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{exp([i1,...in])} returns \\spad{u_1\\^{i_1} ... u_n\\^{i_n}}")) (|generator| (($ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{generator(n)} returns the \\spad{n}th multiplicative generator,{} a basis term.")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ $) "\\spad{coefficient(p,u)} returns the coefficient of the term in \\spad{p} containing the basis term \\spad{u} if such a term exists,{} and 0 otherwise. Error: if the second argument \\spad{u} is not a basis element.")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(p)},{} where \\spad{p} is an antisymmetric polynomial,{} returns \\spad{p} minus the leading term of \\spad{p} if \\spad{p} has at least two terms,{} and 0 otherwise.")) (|leadingBasisTerm| (($ $) "\\spad{leadingBasisTerm(p)} returns the leading basis term of antisymmetric polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(p)} returns the leading coefficient of antisymmetric polynomial \\spad{p}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|Any|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{Any} implements a type that packages up objects and their types in objects of \\spadtype{Any}. Roughly speaking that means that if \\spad{s : S} then when converted to \\spadtype{Any},{} the new object will include both the original object and its type. This is a way of converting arbitrary objects into a single type without losing any of the original information. Any object can be converted to one of \\spadtype{Any}. The original object can be recovered by `is-case' pattern matching as exemplified here and \\spad{AnyFunctions1}.")) (|obj| (((|None|) $) "\\spad{obj(a)} essentially returns the original object that was converted to \\spadtype{Any} except that the type is forced to be \\spadtype{None}.")) (|dom| (((|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{dom(a)} returns a \\spadgloss{LISP} form of the type of the original object that was converted to \\spadtype{Any}.")) (|any| (($ (|SExpression|) (|None|)) "\\spad{any(type,object)} is a technical function for creating an \\spad{object} of \\spadtype{Any}. Arugment \\spad{type} is a \\spadgloss{LISP} form for the \\spad{type} of \\spad{object}."))) @@ -201,12 +201,12 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|AttributeRegistry|) -((|constructor| (NIL "This category exports the attributes in the AXIOM Library")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonical} is \\spad{true} if and only if distinct elements have distinct data structures. For example,{} a domain of mathematical objects which has the \\spad{canonical} attribute means that two objects are mathematically equal if and only if their data structures are equal.")) (|multiplicativeValuation| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{multiplicativeValuation} implies \\spad{euclideanSize(a*b)=euclideanSize(a)*euclideanSize(b)}.")) (|additiveValuation| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{additiveValuation} implies \\spad{euclideanSize(a*b)=euclideanSize(a)+euclideanSize(b)}.")) (|noetherian| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{noetherian} is \\spad{true} if all of its ideals are finitely generated.")) (|central| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{central} is \\spad{true} if,{} given an algebra over a ring \\spad{R},{} the image of \\spad{R} is the center of the algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the set of members of the algebra which commute with all others is precisely the image of \\spad{R} in the algebra.")) (|partiallyOrderedSet| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{partiallyOrderedSet} is \\spad{true} if a set with \\spadop{<} which is transitive,{} but \\spad{not(a < b or a = b)} does not necessarily imply \\spad{b<a}.")) (|arbitraryPrecision| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{arbitraryPrecision} means the user can set the precision for subsequent calculations.")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonicalsClosed} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{unitCanonical(a)*unitCanonical(b) = unitCanonical(a*b)}.")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonicalUnitNormal} is \\spad{true} if we can choose a canonical representative for each class of associate elements,{} that is \\spad{associates?(a,b)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{unitCanonical(a) = unitCanonical(b)}.")) (|noZeroDivisors| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{noZeroDivisors} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{x * y \\~~= 0} implies both \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are non-zero.")) (|rightUnitary| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{rightUnitary} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{x * 1 = x} for all \\spad{x}.")) (|leftUnitary| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{leftUnitary} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{1 * x = x} for all \\spad{x}.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{unitsKnown} is \\spad{true} if a monoid (a multiplicative semigroup with a 1) has \\spad{unitsKnown} means that the operation \\spadfun{recip} can only return \"failed\" if its argument is not a unit.")) (|commutative| ((|attribute| "*") "\\spad{commutative(\"*\")} is \\spad{true} if it has an operation \\spad{\"*\": (D,D) -> D} which is commutative."))) -(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|unitsKnown| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|arbitraryPrecision| . T) (|partiallyOrderedSet| . T) (|central| . T) (|noetherian| . T) (|additiveValuation| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|NullSquare| . T) (|JacobiIdentity| . T) (|canonical| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "This category exports the attributes in the AXIOM Library")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonical} is \\spad{true} if and only if distinct elements have distinct data structures. For example,{} a domain of mathematical objects which has the \\spad{canonical} attribute means that two objects are mathematically equal if and only if their data structures are equal.")) (|multiplicativeValuation| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{multiplicativeValuation} implies \\spad{euclideanSize(a*b)=euclideanSize(a)*euclideanSize(b)}.")) (|additiveValuation| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{additiveValuation} implies \\spad{euclideanSize(a*b)=euclideanSize(a)+euclideanSize(b)}.")) (|partiallyOrderedSet| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{partiallyOrderedSet} is \\spad{true} if a set with \\spadop{<} which is transitive,{} but \\spad{not(a < b or a = b)} does not necessarily imply \\spad{b<a}.")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonicalUnitNormal} is \\spad{true} if we can choose a canonical representative for each class of associate elements,{} that is \\spad{associates?(a,b)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{unitCanonical(a) = unitCanonical(b)}.")) (|noZeroDivisors| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{noZeroDivisors} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{x * y \\~~= 0} implies both \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are non-zero.")) (|commutative| ((|attribute| "*") "\\spad{commutative(\"*\")} is \\spad{true} if it has an operation \\spad{\"*\": (D,D) -> D} which is commutative."))) +(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|partiallyOrderedSet| . T) (|additiveValuation| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|canonical| . T)) NIL (|Automorphism| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Automorphism \\spad{R} is the multiplicative group of automorphisms of \\spad{R}.")) (|morphism| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{morphism(f)} returns the morphism given by \\spad{f^n(x) = f(x,n)}.") (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{morphism(f, g)} returns the invertible morphism given by \\spad{f},{} where \\spad{g} is the inverse of \\spad{f}..") (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{morphism(f)} returns the non-invertible morphism given by \\spad{f}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|BalancedFactorisation| R UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides balanced factorisations of polynomials.")) (|balancedFactorisation| (((|Factored| |#2|) |#2| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{balancedFactorisation(a, [b1,...,bn])} returns a factorisation \\spad{a = p1^e1 ... pm^em} such that each \\spad{pi} is balanced with respect to \\spad{[b1,...,bm]}.") (((|Factored| |#2|) |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{balancedFactorisation(a, b)} returns a factorisation \\spad{a = p1^e1 ... pm^em} such that each \\spad{pi} is balanced with respect to \\spad{b}."))) @@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ NIL NIL (|BinaryExpansion|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain allows rational numbers to be presented as repeating binary expansions.")) (|binary| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{binary(r)} converts a rational number to a binary expansion.")) (|fractionPart| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{fractionPart(b)} returns the fractional part of a binary expansion."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) (|Binding|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: Gabriel Dos Reis} Date Created: October 24,{} 2007 Date Last Modified: January 18,{} 2008. A `Binding' is a name asosciated with a collection of properties.")) (|binding| (($ (|Identifier|) (|List| (|Property|))) "\\spad{binding(n,props)} constructs a binding with name `n' and property list `props'.")) (|properties| (((|List| (|Property|)) $) "\\spad{properties(b)} returns the properties associated with binding \\spad{b}.")) (|name| (((|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{name(b)} returns the name of binding \\spad{b}"))) NIL @@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ NIL NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| #1=(|Boolean|) (QUOTE (|Evalable| #1#))) #2=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| #1# #4=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| (|Integer|) #4#) #5=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #2# (AND #6=(|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|ShallowlyMutableAggregate| #1#))) #3#) #7=(|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|FiniteAggregate| #1#))) (AND #7# #5#) #6#) (|BiModule| R S) -((|constructor| (NIL "A \\spadtype{BiModule} is both a left and right module with respect to potentially different rings. \\blankline")) (|rightUnitary| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{x * 1 = x}")) (|leftUnitary| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{1 * x = x}"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "A \\spadtype{BiModule} is both a left and right module with respect to potentially different rings. \\blankline"))) +NIL NIL (|BooleanLogic&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of Boolean logic structures.")) (|or| (($ $ $) "\\spad{x or y} returns the disjunction of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.")) (|and| (($ $ $) "\\spad{x and y} returns the conjunction of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.")) (|not| (($ $) "\\spad{not x} returns the complement or negation of \\spad{x}."))) @@ -286,12 +286,12 @@ NIL NIL (|BalancedPAdicInteger| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Stream-based implementation of Zp: \\spad{p}-adic numbers are represented as sum(\\spad{i} = 0..,{} a[\\spad{i}] * p^i),{} where the a[\\spad{i}] lie in -(\\spad{p} - 1)\\spad{/2},{}...,{}(\\spad{p} - 1)\\spad{/2}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|BalancedPAdicRational| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Stream-based implementation of Qp: numbers are represented as sum(\\spad{i} = \\spad{k}..,{} a[\\spad{i}] * p^i),{} where the a[\\spad{i}] lie in -(\\spad{p} - 1)\\spad{/2},{}...,{}(\\spad{p} - 1)\\spad{/2}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|BalancedPAdicInteger| |#1|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |BalancedPAdicInteger|) (|devaluate| |#1|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|BalancedPAdicInteger| |#1|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |BalancedPAdicInteger|) (|devaluate| |#1|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) (|BinaryRecursiveAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A binary-recursive aggregate has 0,{} 1 or 2 children and serves as a model for a binary tree or a doubly-linked aggregate structure")) (|setright!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{setright!(a,x)} sets the right child of \\spad{t} to be \\spad{x}.")) (|setleft!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{setleft!(a,b)} sets the left child of \\axiom{a} to be \\spad{b}.")) (|setelt| (($ $ "right" $) "\\spad{setelt(a,\"right\",b)} (also written \\axiom{\\spad{b} . right := \\spad{b}}) is equivalent to \\axiom{setright!(a,{}\\spad{b})}.") (($ $ "left" $) "\\spad{setelt(a,\"left\",b)} (also written \\axiom{a . left := \\spad{b}}) is equivalent to \\axiom{setleft!(a,{}\\spad{b})}.")) (|right| (($ $) "\\spad{right(a)} returns the right child.")) (|elt| (($ $ "right") "\\spad{elt(a,\"right\")} (also written: \\axiom{a . right}) is equivalent to \\axiom{right(a)}.") (($ $ "left") "\\spad{elt(u,\"left\")} (also written: \\axiom{a . left}) is equivalent to \\axiom{left(a)}.")) (|left| (($ $) "\\spad{left(u)} returns the left child."))) NIL @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|) -((|constructor| (NIL "This is an \\spadtype{AbelianMonoid} with the cancellation property,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{ a+b = a+c => b=c }. This is formalised by the partial subtraction operator,{} which satisfies the axioms listed below: \\blankline")) (|subtractIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{subtractIfCan(x, y)} returns an element \\spad{z} such that \\spad{z+y=x} or \"failed\" if no such element exists."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "This is an \\spadtype{AbelianMonoid} with the cancellation property,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{ a+b = a+c => b=c }. This is formalised by the partial subtraction operator,{} which satisfies the axioms listed below: \\blankline")) (|subtractIfCan| (((|Maybe| $) $ $) "\\spad{subtractIfCan(x, y)} returns an element \\spad{z} such that \\spad{z+y=x} or \\spad{nothing} if no such element exists."))) NIL NIL (|CachableSet|) @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ NIL NIL (|CharacteristicNonZero|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Rings of Characteristic Non Zero")) (|charthRoot| (((|Maybe| $) $) "\\spad{charthRoot(x)} returns the \\spad{p}th root of \\spad{x} where \\spad{p} is the characteristic of the ring."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|CharacteristicPolynomialPackage| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides a characteristicPolynomial function for any matrix over a commutative ring.")) (|characteristicPolynomial| ((|#1| (|Matrix| |#1|) |#1|) "\\spad{characteristicPolynomial(m,r)} computes the characteristic polynomial of the matrix \\spad{m} evaluated at the point \\spad{r}. In particular,{} if \\spad{r} is the polynomial 'x,{} then it returns the characteristic polynomial expressed as a polynomial in 'x."))) @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ NIL NIL (|CharacteristicZero|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Rings of Characteristic Zero."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|ChangeOfVariable| F UP UPUP) ((|constructor| (NIL "Tools to send a point to infinity on an algebraic curve.")) (|chvar| (((|Record| (|:| |func| |#3|) (|:| |poly| |#3|) (|:| |c1| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|:| |c2| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|:| |deg| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) |#3| |#3|) "\\spad{chvar(f(x,y), p(x,y))} returns \\spad{[g(z,t), q(z,t), c1(z), c2(z), n]} such that under the change of variable \\spad{x = c1(z)},{} \\spad{y = t * c2(z)},{} one gets \\spad{f(x,y) = g(z,t)}. The algebraic relation between \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} is \\spad{p(x, y) = 0}. The algebraic relation between \\spad{z} and \\spad{t} is \\spad{q(z, t) = 0}.")) (|eval| ((|#3| |#3| (|Fraction| |#2|) (|Fraction| |#2|)) "\\spad{eval(p(x,y), f(x), g(x))} returns \\spad{p(f(x), y * g(x))}.")) (|goodPoint| ((|#1| |#3| |#3|) "\\spad{goodPoint(p, q)} returns an integer a such that a is neither a pole of \\spad{p(x,y)} nor a branch point of \\spad{q(x,y) = 0}.")) (|rootPoly| (((|Record| (|:| |exponent| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |coef| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|:| |radicand| |#2|)) (|Fraction| |#2|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rootPoly(g, n)} returns \\spad{[m, c, P]} such that \\spad{c * g ** (1/n) = P ** (1/m)} thus if \\spad{y**n = g},{} then \\spad{z**m = P} where \\spad{z = c * y}.")) (|radPoly| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |radicand| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|:| |deg| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "failed") |#3|) "\\spad{radPoly(p(x, y))} returns \\spad{[c(x), n]} if \\spad{p} is of the form \\spad{y**n - c(x)},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|mkIntegral| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|:| |poly| |#3|)) |#3|) "\\spad{mkIntegral(p(x,y))} returns \\spad{[c(x), q(x,z)]} such that \\spad{z = c * y} is integral. The algebraic relation between \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} is \\spad{p(x, y) = 0}. The algebraic relation between \\spad{x} and \\spad{z} is \\spad{q(x, z) = 0}."))) @@ -429,8 +429,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|CliffordAlgebra| |n| K Q) -((|constructor| (NIL "CliffordAlgebra(\\spad{n},{} \\spad{K},{} \\spad{Q}) defines a vector space of dimension \\spad{2**n} over \\spad{K},{} given a quadratic form \\spad{Q} on \\spad{K**n}. \\blankline If \\spad{e[i]},{} \\spad{1<=i<=n} is a basis for \\spad{K**n} then \\indented{3}{1,{} \\spad{e[i]} (\\spad{1<=i<=n}),{} \\spad{e[i1]*e[i2]}} (\\spad{1<=i1<i2<=n}),{}...,{}\\spad{e[1]*e[2]*..*e[n]} is a basis for the Clifford Algebra. \\blankline The algebra is defined by the relations \\indented{3}{\\spad{e[i]*e[j] = -e[j]*e[i]}\\space{2}(\\spad{i \\~~= j}),{}} \\indented{3}{\\spad{e[i]*e[i] = Q(e[i])}} \\blankline Examples of Clifford Algebras are: gaussians,{} quaternions,{} exterior algebras and spin algebras.")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} computes the multiplicative inverse of \\spad{x} or \"failed\" if \\spad{x} is not invertible.")) (|coefficient| ((|#2| $ (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{coefficient(x,[i1,i2,...,iN])} extracts the coefficient of \\spad{e(i1)*e(i2)*...*e(iN)} in \\spad{x}.")) (|monomial| (($ |#2| (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{monomial(c,[i1,i2,...,iN])} produces the value given by \\spad{c*e(i1)*e(i2)*...*e(iN)}.")) (|e| (($ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{e(n)} produces the appropriate unit element."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "CliffordAlgebra(\\spad{n},{} \\spad{K},{} \\spad{Q}) defines a vector space of dimension \\spad{2**n} over \\spad{K},{} given a quadratic form \\spad{Q} on \\spad{K**n}. \\blankline If \\spad{e[i]},{} \\spad{1<=i<=n} is a basis for \\spad{K**n} then \\indented{3}{1,{} \\spad{e[i]} (\\spad{1<=i<=n}),{} \\spad{e[i1]*e[i2]}} (\\spad{1<=i1<i2<=n}),{}...,{}\\spad{e[1]*e[2]*..*e[n]} is a basis for the Clifford Algebra. \\blankline The algebra is defined by the relations \\indented{3}{\\spad{e[i]*e[j] = -e[j]*e[i]}\\space{2}(\\spad{i \\~~= j}),{}} \\indented{3}{\\spad{e[i]*e[i] = Q(e[i])}} \\blankline Examples of Clifford Algebras are: gaussians,{} quaternions,{} exterior algebras and spin algebras.")) (|coefficient| ((|#2| $ (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{coefficient(x,[i1,i2,...,iN])} extracts the coefficient of \\spad{e(i1)*e(i2)*...*e(iN)} in \\spad{x}.")) (|monomial| (($ |#2| (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{monomial(c,[i1,i2,...,iN])} produces the value given by \\spad{c*e(i1)*e(i2)*...*e(iN)}.")) (|e| (($ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{e(n)} produces the appropriate unit element."))) +NIL NIL (|TwoDimensionalPlotClipping|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{The purpose of this package is to provide reasonable plots of} functions with singularities.")) (|clipWithRanges| (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{clipWithRanges(pointLists,xMin,xMax,yMin,yMax)} performs clipping on a list of lists of points,{} \\spad{pointLists}. Clipping is done within the specified ranges of \\spad{xMin},{} \\spad{xMax} and \\spad{yMin},{} \\spad{yMax}. This function is used internally by the \\fakeAxiomFun{iClipParametric} subroutine in this package.")) (|clipParametric| (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|Plot|) (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{clipParametric(p,frac,sc)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a plot,{} \\spad{p},{} from the domain \\spadtype{Plot} for the parametric curve \\spad{x = f(t)},{} \\spad{y = g(t)}; the fraction parameter is specified by \\spad{frac} and the scale parameter is specified by \\spad{sc} for use in the \\fakeAxiomFun{iClipParametric} subroutine,{} which is called by this function.") (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|Plot|)) "\\spad{clipParametric(p)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a plot,{} \\spad{p},{} from the domain \\spadtype{Plot} for the parametric curve \\spad{x = f(t)},{} \\spad{y = g(t)}; the default parameters \\spad{1/2} for the fraction and \\spad{5/1} for the scale are used in the \\fakeAxiomFun{iClipParametric} subroutine,{} which is called by this function.")) (|clip| (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) "\\spad{clip(ll)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a list of lists of points,{} \\spad{ll}; the default parameters \\spad{1/2} for the fraction and \\spad{5/1} for the scale are used in the \\fakeAxiomFun{iClipParametric} subroutine,{} which is called by this function.") (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) "\\spad{clip(l)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a curve \\spad{l},{} which is a list of points; the default parameters \\spad{1/2} for the fraction and \\spad{5/1} for the scale are used in the \\fakeAxiomFun{iClipParametric} subroutine,{} which is called by this function.") (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|Plot|) (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{clip(p,frac,sc)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a plot,{} \\spad{p},{} from the domain \\spadtype{Plot} for the graph of one variable \\spad{y = f(x)}; the fraction parameter is specified by \\spad{frac} and the scale parameter is specified by \\spad{sc} for use in the \\spadfun{clip} function.") (((|Record| (|:| |brans| (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) (|:| |xValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|:| |yValues| (|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|Plot|)) "\\spad{clip(p)} performs two-dimensional clipping on a plot,{} \\spad{p},{} from the domain \\spadtype{Plot} for the graph of one variable,{} \\spad{y = f(x)}; the default parameters \\spad{1/4} for the fraction and \\spad{5/1} for the scale are used in the \\spadfun{clip} function."))) @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RadicalCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |additiveValuation|)) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) (|ComplexCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category represents the extension of a ring by a square root of \\spad{-1}.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a rational number,{} or \"failed\" if \\spad{x} is not a rational number.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a rational number. Error: if \\spad{x} is not a rational number.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is a rational number.")) (|polarCoordinates| (((|Record| (|:| |r| |#1|) (|:| |phi| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{polarCoordinates(x)} returns (\\spad{r},{} phi) such that \\spad{x} = \\spad{r} * exp(\\%\\spad{i} * phi).")) (|argument| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{argument(x)} returns the angle made by (0,{}1) and (0,{}\\spad{x}).")) (|abs| (($ $) "\\spad{abs(x)} returns the absolute value of \\spad{x} = sqrt(norm(\\spad{x})).")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ |#1|) "\\spad{exquo(x, r)} returns the exact quotient of \\spad{x} by \\spad{r},{} or \"failed\" if \\spad{r} does not divide \\spad{x} exactly.")) (|norm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{norm(x)} returns \\spad{x} * conjugate(\\spad{x})")) (|real| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{real(x)} returns real part of \\spad{x}.")) (|imag| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imag(x)} returns imaginary part of \\spad{x}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $) "\\spad{conjugate(x + \\%i y)} returns \\spad{x} - \\%\\spad{i} \\spad{y}.")) (|imaginary| (($) "\\spad{imaginary()} = sqrt(\\spad{-1}) = \\%\\spad{i}.")) (|complex| (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{complex(x,y)} constructs \\spad{x} + \\%i*y.") ((|attribute|) "indicates that \\% has sqrt(\\spad{-1})"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| OR (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (AND (|has| |#1| (|EuclideanDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |additiveValuation|)) (|multiplicativeValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (|complex| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| OR (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (AND (|has| |#1| (|EuclideanDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |additiveValuation|)) (|multiplicativeValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (|complex| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|ComplexFactorization| RR PR) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author:} Date Created: Date Last Updated: Basic Functions: Related Constructors: Complex,{} UnivariatePolynomial Also See: AMS Classifications: Keywords: complex,{} polynomial factorization,{} factor References:")) (|factor| (((|Factored| |#2|) |#2|) "\\spad{factor(p)} factorizes the polynomial \\spad{p} with complex coefficients."))) @@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ NIL NIL (|Complex| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype {Complex(R)} creates the domain of elements of the form \\spad{a + b * i} where \\spad{a} and \\spad{b} come from the ring \\spad{R},{} and \\spad{i} is a new element such that \\spad{i**2 = -1}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| OR (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (AND (|has| |#1| (|EuclideanDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |additiveValuation|)) (|multiplicativeValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (|complex| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| #2=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #3#) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) (OR #7=(AND #6# #4#) #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|)))) (OR #11=(AND #4# #9#) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #13=(|Integer|)))) (OR #4# #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #13#))))) #14# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#))) (OR #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) #18=(AND #3# #17#) #4#) (OR #15# (AND #4# #17#) #18#) (OR #4# #5#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RadicalCategory|))) #19=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) #19# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #16# #4# #3# #5#) (OR #16# #4# #3#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #20=(|Float|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #13#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #20#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #13#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #10#) #21=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #21#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #21# #21#)) #22=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (AND #22# #19#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #16# #17# (OR #15# #4#) (OR #15# #5#) (OR #7# #8#) #8# #12# #6# #15# (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |additiveValuation|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (AND #8# #4#) (AND #4# #12#) #7# #11# (OR #23=(AND #16# #17# (|HasCategory| $ #2#)) #3#) (OR #23# #1#)) +((|noZeroDivisors| OR (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (AND (|has| |#1| (|EuclideanDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |additiveValuation|)) (|multiplicativeValuation| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (|complex| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| #2=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #3#) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) (OR #7=(AND #6# #4#) #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|)))) (OR #11=(AND #4# #9#) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #13=(|Integer|)))) (OR #4# #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #13#))))) #14# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#))) (OR #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) #18=(AND #3# #17#) #4#) (OR #15# (AND #4# #17#) #18#) (OR #4# #5#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RadicalCategory|))) #19=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) #19# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #16# #4# #3# #5#) (OR #16# #4# #3#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #20=(|Float|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #13#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #20#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #13#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #10#) #21=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #21#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #21# #21#)) #22=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (AND #22# #19#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #16# #17# (OR #15# #4#) (OR #15# #5#) (OR #7# #8#) #12# #8# #6# #15# (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |additiveValuation|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |multiplicativeValuation|)) (AND #4# #12#) (AND #8# #4#) #7# #11# (OR #23=(AND #16# #17# (|HasCategory| $ #2#)) #3#) (OR #23# #1#)) (|ComplexFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package extends maps from underlying rings to maps between complex over those rings.")) (|map| (((|Complex| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Complex| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f,u)} maps \\spad{f} onto real and imaginary parts of \\spad{u}."))) NIL @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ NIL NIL (|CommutativeRing|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative rings with unity,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} rings where \\spadop{*} is commutative,{} and which have a multiplicative identity. element.")) (|commutative| ((|attribute| "*") "multiplication is commutative."))) -(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Conduit|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is the root of the I/O conduits.")) (|close!| (($ $) "\\spad{close!(c)} closes the conduit \\spad{c},{} changing its state to one that is invalid for future read or write operations."))) @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ NIL NIL (|ContinuedFraction| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{ContinuedFraction} implements general \\indented{1}{continued fractions.\\space{2}This version is not restricted to simple,{}} \\indented{1}{finite fractions and uses the \\spadtype{Stream} as a} \\indented{1}{representation.\\space{2}The arithmetic functions assume that the} \\indented{1}{approximants alternate below/above the convergence point.} \\indented{1}{This is enforced by ensuring the partial numerators and partial} \\indented{1}{denominators are greater than 0 in the Euclidean domain view of \\spad{R}} \\indented{1}{(\\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{sizeLess?(0, x)}).}")) (|complete| (($ $) "\\spad{complete(x)} causes all entries in \\spadvar{\\spad{x}} to be computed. Normally entries are only computed as needed. If \\spadvar{\\spad{x}} is an infinite continued fraction,{} a user-initiated interrupt is necessary to stop the computation.")) (|extend| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{extend(x,n)} causes the first \\spadvar{\\spad{n}} entries in the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}} to be computed. Normally entries are only computed as needed.")) (|denominators| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{denominators(x)} returns the stream of denominators of the approximants of the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. If the continued fraction is finite,{} then the stream will be finite.")) (|numerators| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{numerators(x)} returns the stream of numerators of the approximants of the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. If the continued fraction is finite,{} then the stream will be finite.")) (|convergents| (((|Stream| (|Fraction| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{convergents(x)} returns the stream of the convergents of the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. If the continued fraction is finite,{} then the stream will be finite.")) (|approximants| (((|Stream| (|Fraction| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{approximants(x)} returns the stream of approximants of the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. If the continued fraction is finite,{} then the stream will be infinite and periodic with period 1.")) (|reducedForm| (($ $) "\\spad{reducedForm(x)} puts the continued fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{x}} in reduced form,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the function returns an equivalent continued fraction of the form \\spad{continuedFraction(b0,[1,1,1,...],[b1,b2,b3,...])}.")) (|wholePart| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{wholePart(x)} extracts the whole part of \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. That is,{} if \\spad{x = continuedFraction(b0, [a1,a2,a3,...], [b1,b2,b3,...])},{} then \\spad{wholePart(x) = b0}.")) (|partialQuotients| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{partialQuotients(x)} extracts the partial quotients in \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. That is,{} if \\spad{x = continuedFraction(b0, [a1,a2,a3,...], [b1,b2,b3,...])},{} then \\spad{partialQuotients(x) = [b0,b1,b2,b3,...]}.")) (|partialDenominators| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{partialDenominators(x)} extracts the denominators in \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. That is,{} if \\spad{x = continuedFraction(b0, [a1,a2,a3,...], [b1,b2,b3,...])},{} then \\spad{partialDenominators(x) = [b1,b2,b3,...]}.")) (|partialNumerators| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{partialNumerators(x)} extracts the numerators in \\spadvar{\\spad{x}}. That is,{} if \\spad{x = continuedFraction(b0, [a1,a2,a3,...], [b1,b2,b3,...])},{} then \\spad{partialNumerators(x) = [a1,a2,a3,...]}.")) (|reducedContinuedFraction| (($ |#1| (|Stream| |#1|)) "\\spad{reducedContinuedFraction(b0,b)} constructs a continued fraction in the following way: if \\spad{b = [b1,b2,...]} then the result is the continued fraction \\spad{b0 + 1/(b1 + 1/(b2 + ...))}. That is,{} the result is the same as \\spad{continuedFraction(b0,[1,1,1,...],[b1,b2,b3,...])}.")) (|continuedFraction| (($ |#1| (|Stream| |#1|) (|Stream| |#1|)) "\\spad{continuedFraction(b0,a,b)} constructs a continued fraction in the following way: if \\spad{a = [a1,a2,...]} and \\spad{b = [b1,b2,...]} then the result is the continued fraction \\spad{b0 + a1/(b1 + a2/(b2 + ...))}.") (($ (|Fraction| |#1|)) "\\spad{continuedFraction(r)} converts the fraction \\spadvar{\\spad{r}} with components of type \\spad{R} to a continued fraction over \\spad{R}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Contour|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: Gabriel Dos Reis} Date Created: October 24,{} 2007 Date Last Modified: January 18,{} 2008. A `Contour' a list of bindings making up a `virtual scope'.")) (|findBinding| (((|Maybe| (|Binding|)) (|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{findBinding(c,n)} returns the first binding associated with `n'. Otherwise `nothing.")) (|push| (($ (|Binding|) $) "\\spad{push(c,b)} augments the contour with binding `b'.")) (|bindings| (((|List| (|Binding|)) $) "\\spad{bindings(c)} returns the list of bindings in countour \\spad{c}."))) @@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ NIL NIL (|DecimalExpansion|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain allows rational numbers to be presented as repeating decimal expansions.")) (|decimal| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{decimal(r)} converts a rational number to a decimal expansion.")) (|fractionPart| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{fractionPart(d)} returns the fractional part of a decimal expansion."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) (|DefinitionAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents the syntax of a definition.")) (|body| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{body(d)} returns the right hand side of the definition `d'.")) (|signature| (((|Signature|) $) "\\spad{signature(d)} returns the signature of the operation being defined. Note that this list may be partial in that it contains only the types actually specified in the definition.")) (|head| (((|HeadAst|) $) "\\spad{head(d)} returns the head of the definition `d'. This is a list of identifiers starting with the name of the operation followed by the name of the parameters,{} if any."))) NIL @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ NIL ((AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#1|)))) #1# (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #2#) (|DeRhamComplex| |CoefRing| |listIndVar|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The deRham complex of Euclidean space,{} that is,{} the class of differential forms of arbitary degree over a coefficient ring. See Flanders,{} Harley,{} Differential Forms,{} With Applications to the Physical Sciences,{} New York,{} Academic Press,{} 1963.")) (|exteriorDifferential| (($ $) "\\spad{exteriorDifferential(df)} returns the exterior derivative (gradient,{} curl,{} divergence,{} ...) of the differential form \\spad{df}.")) (|totalDifferential| (($ (|Expression| |#1|)) "\\spad{totalDifferential(x)} returns the total differential (gradient) form for element \\spad{x}.")) (|degree| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{degree(df)} returns the homogeneous degree of differential form \\spad{df}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{retractable?(df)} tests if differential form \\spad{df} is a 0-form,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} if degree(\\spad{df}) = 0.")) (|homogeneous?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{homogeneous?(df)} tests if all of the terms of differential form \\spad{df} have the same degree.")) (|generator| (($ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{generator(n)} returns the \\spad{n}th basis term for a differential form.")) (|coefficient| (((|Expression| |#1|) $ $) "\\spad{coefficient(df,u)},{} where \\spad{df} is a differential form,{} returns the coefficient of \\spad{df} containing the basis term \\spad{u} if such a term exists,{} and 0 otherwise.")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(df)},{} where \\spad{df} is a differential form,{} returns \\spad{df} minus the leading term of \\spad{df} if \\spad{df} has two or more terms,{} and 0 otherwise.")) (|leadingBasisTerm| (($ $) "\\spad{leadingBasisTerm(df)} returns the leading basis term of differential form \\spad{df}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| (((|Expression| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(df)} returns the leading coefficient of differential form \\spad{df}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|DefiniteIntegrationTools| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{DefiniteIntegrationTools} provides common tools used by the definite integration of both rational and elementary functions.")) (|checkForZero| (((|Union| (|Boolean|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{checkForZero(p, a, b, incl?)} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{p} has a zero between a and \\spad{b},{} \\spad{false} otherwise,{} \"failed\" if this cannot be determined. Check for a and \\spad{b} inclusive if incl? is \\spad{true},{} exclusive otherwise.") (((|Union| (|Boolean|) "failed") (|Polynomial| |#1|) (|Symbol|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{checkForZero(p, x, a, b, incl?)} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{p} has a zero for \\spad{x} between a and \\spad{b},{} \\spad{false} otherwise,{} \"failed\" if this cannot be determined. Check for a and \\spad{b} inclusive if incl? is \\spad{true},{} exclusive otherwise.")) (|computeInt| (((|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) "failed") (|Kernel| |#2|) |#2| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{computeInt(x, g, a, b, eval?)} returns the integral of \\spad{f} for \\spad{x} between a and \\spad{b},{} assuming that \\spad{g} is an indefinite integral of \\spad{f} and \\spad{f} has no pole between a and \\spad{b}. If \\spad{eval?} is \\spad{true},{} then \\spad{g} can be evaluated safely at \\spad{a} and \\spad{b},{} provided that they are finite values. Otherwise,{} limits must be computed.")) (|ignore?| (((|Boolean|) (|String|)) "\\spad{ignore?(s)} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{s} is the string that tells the integrator to assume that the function has no pole in the integration interval."))) @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ NIL NIL (|DoubleFloat|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{\\spadtype{DoubleFloat} is intended to make accessible} hardware floating point arithmetic in \\Language{},{} either native double precision,{} or IEEE. On most machines,{} there will be hardware support for the arithmetic operations: \\spadfunFrom{+}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{*}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{/}{DoubleFloat} and possibly also the \\spadfunFrom{sqrt}{DoubleFloat} operation. The operations \\spadfunFrom{exp}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{log}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{sin}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{cos}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{atan}{DoubleFloat} are normally coded in software based on minimax polynomial/rational approximations. Note that under Lisp/VM,{} \\spadfunFrom{atan}{DoubleFloat} is not available at this time. Some general comments about the accuracy of the operations: the operations \\spadfunFrom{+}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{*}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{/}{DoubleFloat} and \\spadfunFrom{sqrt}{DoubleFloat} are expected to be fully accurate. The operations \\spadfunFrom{exp}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{log}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{sin}{DoubleFloat},{} \\spadfunFrom{cos}{DoubleFloat} and \\spadfunFrom{atan}{DoubleFloat} are not expected to be fully accurate. In particular,{} \\spadfunFrom{sin}{DoubleFloat} and \\spadfunFrom{cos}{DoubleFloat} will lose all precision for large arguments. \\blankline The \\spadtype{Float} domain provides an alternative to the \\spad{DoubleFloat} domain. It provides an arbitrary precision model of floating point arithmetic. This means that accuracy problems like those above are eliminated by increasing the working precision where necessary. \\spadtype{Float} provides some special functions such as \\spadfunFrom{erf}{DoubleFloat},{} the error function in addition to the elementary functions. The disadvantage of \\spadtype{Float} is that it is much more expensive than small floats when the latter can be used.")) (|nan?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{nan? x} holds if \\spad{x} is a Not a Number floating point data in the IEEE 754 sense.")) (|rationalApproximation| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rationalApproximation(f, n, b)} computes a rational approximation \\spad{r} to \\spad{f} with relative error \\spad{< b**(-n)} (that is,{} \\spad{|(r-f)/f| < b**(-n)}).") (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rationalApproximation(f, n)} computes a rational approximation \\spad{r} to \\spad{f} with relative error \\spad{< 10**(-n)}.")) (|Beta| (($ $ $) "\\spad{Beta(x,y)} is \\spad{Gamma(x) * Gamma(y)/Gamma(x+y)}.")) (|Gamma| (($ $) "\\spad{Gamma(x)} is the Euler Gamma function.")) (|atan| (($ $ $) "\\spad{atan(x,y)} computes the arc tangent from \\spad{x} with phase \\spad{y}.")) (|log10| (($ $) "\\spad{log10(x)} computes the logarithm with base 10 for \\spad{x}.")) (|log2| (($ $) "\\spad{log2(x)} computes the logarithm with base 2 for \\spad{x}.")) (|exp1| (($) "\\spad{exp1()} returns the natural log base \\spad{2.718281828...}.")) (** (($ $ $) "\\spad{x ** y} returns the \\spad{y}th power of \\spad{x} (equal to \\spad{exp(y log x)}).")) (/ (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x / i} computes the division from \\spad{x} by an integer \\spad{i}."))) -((|approximate| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|approximate| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|DoubleFloatSpecialFunctions|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides special functions for double precision real and complex floating point.")) (|hypergeometric0F1| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{hypergeometric0F1(c,z)} is the hypergeometric function \\spad{0F1(; c; z)}.") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{hypergeometric0F1(c,z)} is the hypergeometric function \\spad{0F1(; c; z)}.")) (|airyBi| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{airyBi(x)} is the Airy function \\spad{Bi(x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{Bi''(x) - x * Bi(x) = 0}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{airyBi(x)} is the Airy function \\spad{Bi(x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{Bi''(x) - x * Bi(x) = 0}.}")) (|airyAi| (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{airyAi(x)} is the Airy function \\spad{Ai(x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{Ai''(x) - x * Ai(x) = 0}.}") (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{airyAi(x)} is the Airy function \\spad{Ai(x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{Ai''(x) - x * Ai(x) = 0}.}")) (|besselK| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{besselK(v,x)} is the modified Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{K(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) - (x^2+v^2)w(x) = 0}.} Note: The default implmentation uses the relation \\indented{2}{\\spad{K(v,x) = \\%pi/2*(I(-v,x) - I(v,x))/sin(v*\\%pi)}} so is not valid for integer values of \\spad{v}.") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{besselK(v,x)} is the modified Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{K(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) - (x^2+v^2)w(x) = 0}.} Note: The default implmentation uses the relation \\indented{2}{\\spad{K(v,x) = \\%pi/2*(I(-v,x) - I(v,x))/sin(v*\\%pi)}.} so is not valid for integer values of \\spad{v}.")) (|besselI| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{besselI(v,x)} is the modified Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{I(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) - (x^2+v^2)w(x) = 0}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{besselI(v,x)} is the modified Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{I(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) - (x^2+v^2)w(x) = 0}.}")) (|besselY| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{besselY(v,x)} is the Bessel function of the second kind,{} \\spad{Y(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) + (x^2-v^2)w(x) = 0}.} Note: The default implmentation uses the relation \\indented{2}{\\spad{Y(v,x) = (J(v,x) cos(v*\\%pi) - J(-v,x))/sin(v*\\%pi)}} so is not valid for integer values of \\spad{v}.") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{besselY(v,x)} is the Bessel function of the second kind,{} \\spad{Y(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) + (x^2-v^2)w(x) = 0}.} Note: The default implmentation uses the relation \\indented{2}{\\spad{Y(v,x) = (J(v,x) cos(v*\\%pi) - J(-v,x))/sin(v*\\%pi)}} so is not valid for integer values of \\spad{v}.")) (|besselJ| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{besselJ(v,x)} is the Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{J(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) + (x^2-v^2)w(x) = 0}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{besselJ(v,x)} is the Bessel function of the first kind,{} \\spad{J(v,x)}. This function satisfies the differential equation: \\indented{2}{\\spad{x^2 w''(x) + x w'(x) + (x^2-v^2)w(x) = 0}.}")) (|polygamma| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{polygamma(n, x)} is the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{digamma(x)}.") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{polygamma(n, x)} is the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{digamma(x)}.")) (|digamma| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{digamma(x)} is the function,{} \\spad{psi(x)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{psi(x) = Gamma'(x)/Gamma(x)}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{digamma(x)} is the function,{} \\spad{psi(x)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{psi(x) = Gamma'(x)/Gamma(x)}.}")) (|logGamma| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{logGamma(x)} is the natural log of \\spad{Gamma(x)}. This can often be computed even if \\spad{Gamma(x)} cannot.") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{logGamma(x)} is the natural log of \\spad{Gamma(x)}. This can often be computed even if \\spad{Gamma(x)} cannot.")) (|Beta| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{Beta(x, y)} is the Euler beta function,{} \\spad{B(x,y)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Beta(x,y) = integrate(t^(x-1)*(1-t)^(y-1), t=0..1)}.} This is related to \\spad{Gamma(x)} by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Beta(x,y) = Gamma(x)*Gamma(y) / Gamma(x + y)}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{Beta(x, y)} is the Euler beta function,{} \\spad{B(x,y)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Beta(x,y) = integrate(t^(x-1)*(1-t)^(y-1), t=0..1)}.} This is related to \\spad{Gamma(x)} by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Beta(x,y) = Gamma(x)*Gamma(y) / Gamma(x + y)}.}")) (|Gamma| (((|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Complex| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{Gamma(x)} is the Euler gamma function,{} \\spad{Gamma(x)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Gamma(x) = integrate(t^(x-1)*exp(-t), t=0..\\%infinity)}.}") (((|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|)) "\\spad{Gamma(x)} is the Euler gamma function,{} \\spad{Gamma(x)},{} defined by \\indented{2}{\\spad{Gamma(x) = integrate(t^(x-1)*exp(-t), t=0..\\%infinity)}.}"))) @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ NIL NIL (|DifferentialExtension| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Differential extensions of a ring \\spad{R}. Given a differentiation on \\spad{R},{} extend it to a differentiation on \\%."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|DifferentialDomain&| S T$) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category captures the interface of domains with a distinguished operation named \\spad{differentiate}. Usually,{} additional properties are wanted. For example,{} that it obeys the usual Leibniz identity of differentiation of product,{} in case of differential rings. One could also want \\spad{differentiate} to obey the chain rule when considering differential manifolds. The lack of specific requirement in this category is an implicit admission that currently \\Language{} is not expressive enough to express the most general notion of differentiation in an adequate manner,{} suitable for computational purposes.")) (D ((|#2| $) "\\spad{D x} is a shorthand for \\spad{differentiate x}")) (|differentiate| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{differentiate x} compute the derivative of \\spad{x}."))) @@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ NIL NIL (|DifferentialModule| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "An \\spad{R}-module equipped with a distinguised differential operator. If \\spad{R} is a differential ring,{} then differentiation on the module should extend differentiation on the differential ring \\spad{R}. The latter can be the null operator. In that case,{} the differentiation operator on the module is just an \\spad{R}-linear operator. For that reason,{} we do not require that the ring \\spad{R} be a DifferentialRing; \\blankline"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|DifferentialSpace&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is like \\spadtype{DifferentialDomain} where the target of the differentiation operator is the same as its source.")) (D (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{D(x, n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th derivative of \\spad{x}.")) (|differentiate| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{differentiate(x,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th derivative of \\spad{x}."))) @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ NIL NIL (|DifferentialRing|) ((|constructor| (NIL "An ordinary differential ring,{} that is,{} a ring with an operation \\spadfun{differentiate}. \\blankline"))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|Dioid|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Dioid is the class of semirings where the addition operation induces a canonical order relation."))) @@ -719,15 +719,15 @@ NIL (|DirectProductCategory&| S |dim| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This category represents a finite cartesian product of a given type.} Many categorical properties are preserved under this construction.")) (|dot| ((|#3| $ $) "\\spad{dot(x,y)} computes the inner product of the vectors \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.")) (|unitVector| (($ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{unitVector(n)} produces a vector with 1 in position \\spad{n} and zero elsewhere.")) (|directProduct| (($ (|Vector| |#3|)) "\\spad{directProduct(v)} converts the vector \\spad{v} to become a direct product. Error: if the length of \\spad{v} is different from dim."))) NIL -((|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasAttribute| |#3| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) +((|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) (|DirectProductCategory| |dim| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This category represents a finite cartesian product of a given type.} Many categorical properties are preserved under this construction.")) (|dot| ((|#2| $ $) "\\spad{dot(x,y)} computes the inner product of the vectors \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.")) (|unitVector| (($ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{unitVector(n)} produces a vector with 1 in position \\spad{n} and zero elsewhere.")) (|directProduct| (($ (|Vector| |#2|)) "\\spad{directProduct(v)} converts the vector \\spad{v} to become a direct product. Error: if the length of \\spad{v} is different from dim."))) -((|rightUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1=((|Ring|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|))) +NIL NIL (|DirectProduct| |dim| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type represents the finite direct or cartesian product of an} underlying component type. This contrasts with simple vectors in that the members can be viewed as having constant length. Thus many categorical properties can by lifted from the underlying component type. Component extraction operations are provided but no updating operations. Thus new direct product elements can either be created by converting vector elements using the \\spadfun{directProduct} function or by taking appropriate linear combinations of basis vectors provided by the \\spad{unitVector} operation."))) -((|rightUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1=((|Ring|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|))) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|DirectProductFunctions2| |dim| A B) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This package provides operations which all take as arguments} direct products of elements of some type \\spad{A} and functions from \\spad{A} to another type \\spad{B}. The operations all iterate over their vector argument and either return a value of type \\spad{B} or a direct product over \\spad{B}.")) (|map| (((|DirectProduct| |#1| |#3|) (|Mapping| |#3| |#2|) (|DirectProduct| |#1| |#2|)) "\\spad{map(f, v)} applies the function \\spad{f} to every element of the vector \\spad{v} producing a new vector containing the values.")) (|reduce| ((|#3| (|Mapping| |#3| |#2| |#3|) (|DirectProduct| |#1| |#2|) |#3|) "\\spad{reduce(func,vec,ident)} combines the elements in \\spad{vec} using the binary function \\spad{func}. Argument \\spad{ident} is returned if the vector is empty.")) (|scan| (((|DirectProduct| |#1| |#3|) (|Mapping| |#3| |#2| |#3|) (|DirectProduct| |#1| |#2|) |#3|) "\\spad{scan(func,vec,ident)} creates a new vector whose elements are the result of applying reduce to the binary function \\spad{func},{} increasing initial subsequences of the vector \\spad{vec},{} and the element \\spad{ident}."))) NIL @@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ NIL NIL (|DivisionRing|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A division ring (sometimes called a skew field),{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a not necessarily commutative ring where all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv x} returns the multiplicative inverse of \\spad{x}. Error: if \\spad{x} is 0.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} raised to the integer power \\spad{n}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T)) NIL (|DoublyLinkedAggregate| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A doubly-linked aggregate serves as a model for a doubly-linked list,{} that is,{} a list which can has links to both next and previous nodes and thus can be efficiently traversed in both directions.")) (|setnext!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{setnext!(u,v)} destructively sets the next node of doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{u} to \\spad{v},{} returning \\spad{v}.")) (|setprevious!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{setprevious!(u,v)} destructively sets the previous node of doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{u} to \\spad{v},{} returning \\spad{v}.")) (|concat!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{concat!(u,v)} destructively concatenates doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{v} to the end of doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{u}.")) (|next| (($ $) "\\spad{next(l)} returns the doubly-linked aggregate beginning with its next element. Error: if \\spad{l} has no next element. Note: \\axiom{next(\\spad{l}) = rest(\\spad{l})} and \\axiom{previous(next(\\spad{l})) = \\spad{l}}.")) (|previous| (($ $) "\\spad{previous(l)} returns the doubly-link list beginning with its previous element. Error: if \\spad{l} has no previous element. Note: \\axiom{next(previous(\\spad{l})) = \\spad{l}}.")) (|tail| (($ $) "\\spad{tail(l)} returns the doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{l} starting at its second element. Error: if \\spad{l} is empty.")) (|head| (($ $) "\\spad{head(l)} returns the first element of a doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{l}. Error: if \\spad{l} is empty.")) (|last| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{last(l)} returns the last element of a doubly-linked aggregate \\spad{l}. Error: if \\spad{l} is empty."))) @@ -758,12 +758,12 @@ NIL NIL (|DifferentialModuleExtension| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Category of modules that extend differential rings. \\blankline"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|DistributedMultivariatePolynomial| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports distributed multivariate polynomials} whose variables are from a user specified list of symbols. The coefficient ring may be non commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute. The term ordering is lexicographic specified by the variable list parameter with the most significant variable first in the list.")) (|reorder| (($ $ (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{reorder(p, perm)} applies the permutation perm to the variables in a polynomial and returns the new correctly ordered polynomial"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #16=(|Fraction| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #15# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #14#)) (OR #18# #13#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #14=(|Fraction| #9#)))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| #16=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #13# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #14#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #16#)) (OR #18# #15#)) (|Domain|) ((|showSummary| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{showSummary(d)} prints out implementation detail information of domain `d'.")) (|reflect| (($ (|ConstructorCall| (|DomainConstructor|))) "\\spad{reflect cc} returns the domain object designated by the ConstructorCall syntax `cc'. The constructor implied by `cc' must be known to the system since it is instantiated.")) (|reify| (((|ConstructorCall| (|DomainConstructor|)) $) "\\spad{reify(d)} returns the abstract syntax for the domain `x'.")) (|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: Gabriel Dos Reis} Date Create: October 18,{} 2007. Date Last Updated: December 20,{} 2008. Basic Operations: coerce,{} reify Related Constructors: Type,{} Syntax,{} OutputForm Also See: Type,{} ConstructorCall") (((|DomainConstructor|) $) "\\spad{constructor(d)} returns the domain constructor that is instantiated to the domain object `d'."))) NIL @@ -778,19 +778,19 @@ NIL NIL (|DirectProductMatrixModule| |n| R M S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This constructor provides a direct product type with a left matrix-module view."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|and| #1=(|has| |#4| #2=(|Ring|)) (|has| |#4| (|DifferentialRing|))) (|has| |#4| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|)) (|and| #1# (|has| |#4| (|PartialDifferentialRing| (|Symbol|))))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#4| . #3=(#2#)) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#4| . #3#)) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#4| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#4|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#4| #11=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #13=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #14=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) #6# (OR #4# #6# #14#) (OR #4# #6#) #14# #8# #9# (OR #9# #10#) #10# #7# (OR (AND #4# #17=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #18=(|Integer|))))) (AND #5# #17#) (AND #6# #17#) (AND #17# #12#) #19=(AND #17# #14#)) #12# (OR #5# #12# #14#) #5# (OR #5# #20=(AND (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #14#)) (OR #21=(AND (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #13#))) #14#) #12#) #16# (OR (AND #1# #22=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #18#))))) (AND #4# #22#) (AND #5# #22#) (AND #6# #22#) (AND #7# #22#) (AND #8# #22#) (AND #9# #22#) (AND #10# #22#) (AND #12# #22#) (AND #22# #14#) #23=(AND #22# #16#)) (OR #24=(AND #1# #25=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #18#)))) #26=(AND #4# #25#) #27=(AND #5# #25#) #28=(AND #9# #25#) #29=(AND #10# #25#) #30=(AND #12# #25#) #31=(AND #25# #16#) #32=(AND #6# #25#) #33=(AND #7# #25#) #34=(AND #8# #25#) #14#) (OR #24# #26# #27# #28# #29# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# (AND #25# #14#)) #35=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| #18# #11#) #19# (OR #36=(AND #12# #14#) #21#) (OR #37=(AND #5# #14#) #20#) #31# (OR #31# #14#) #23# (OR #36# (|HasAttribute| |#4| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) #37#) #20# #21# #4# #1# (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #15# (AND #35# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#4| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#4|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#4| #11=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #13=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #14=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) #6# (OR #4# #6# #14#) (OR #4# #6#) #14# #8# #9# (OR #9# #10#) #10# #7# (OR (AND #4# #17=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #18=(|Integer|))))) (AND #5# #17#) (AND #6# #17#) (AND #17# #12#) #19=(AND #17# #14#)) #12# (OR #5# #12# #14#) #5# (OR #5# #20=(AND (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #14#)) (OR #21=(AND (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #13#))) #14#) #12#) #16# (OR (AND #1# #22=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #18#))))) (AND #4# #22#) (AND #5# #22#) (AND #6# #22#) (AND #7# #22#) (AND #8# #22#) (AND #9# #22#) (AND #10# #22#) (AND #12# #22#) (AND #22# #14#) #23=(AND #22# #16#)) (OR #24=(AND #1# #25=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #18#)))) #26=(AND #4# #25#) #27=(AND #5# #25#) #28=(AND #9# #25#) #29=(AND #10# #25#) #30=(AND #12# #25#) #31=(AND #25# #16#) #32=(AND #6# #25#) #33=(AND #7# #25#) #34=(AND #8# #25#) #14#) (OR #24# #26# #27# #28# #29# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# (AND #25# #14#)) #35=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| #18# #11#) #19# (OR (AND #5# #14#) #20#) (OR (AND #12# #14#) #21#) #31# (OR #31# #14#) #23# #21# #20# #4# #1# (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #15# (AND #35# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|DirectProductModule| |n| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This constructor provides a direct product of \\spad{R}-modules with an \\spad{R}-module view."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|and| #1=(|has| |#3| #2=(|Ring|)) (|has| |#3| (|DifferentialRing|))) (|has| |#3| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|)) (|and| #1# (|has| |#3| (|PartialDifferentialRing| (|Symbol|))))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#3| . #3=(#2#)) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#3| . #3#)) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#3| #11=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #13=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #14=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) #6# (OR #4# #6# #14#) (OR #4# #6#) #14# #8# #9# (OR #9# #10#) #10# #7# (OR (AND #4# #17=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #18=(|Integer|))))) (AND #5# #17#) (AND #6# #17#) (AND #17# #12#) #19=(AND #17# #14#)) #12# (OR #5# #12# #14#) #5# (OR #5# #20=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #14#)) (OR #21=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #13#))) #14#) #12#) #16# (OR (AND #1# #22=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #18#))))) (AND #4# #22#) (AND #5# #22#) (AND #6# #22#) (AND #7# #22#) (AND #8# #22#) (AND #9# #22#) (AND #10# #22#) (AND #12# #22#) (AND #22# #14#) #23=(AND #22# #16#)) (OR #24=(AND #1# #25=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #18#)))) #26=(AND #4# #25#) #27=(AND #5# #25#) #28=(AND #9# #25#) #29=(AND #10# #25#) #30=(AND #12# #25#) #31=(AND #25# #16#) #32=(AND #6# #25#) #33=(AND #7# #25#) #34=(AND #8# #25#) #14#) (OR #24# #26# #27# #28# #29# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# (AND #25# #14#)) #35=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| #18# #11#) #19# (OR #36=(AND #12# #14#) #21#) (OR #37=(AND #5# #14#) #20#) #31# (OR #31# #14#) #23# (OR #36# (|HasAttribute| |#3| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) #37#) #20# #21# #4# #1# (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #15# (AND #35# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#3| #11=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #13=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #14=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #15=(AND #16=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) #6# (OR #4# #6# #14#) (OR #4# #6#) #14# #8# #9# (OR #9# #10#) #10# #7# (OR (AND #4# #17=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #18=(|Integer|))))) (AND #5# #17#) (AND #6# #17#) (AND #17# #12#) #19=(AND #17# #14#)) #12# (OR #5# #12# #14#) #5# (OR #5# #20=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #14#)) (OR #21=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #13#))) #14#) #12#) #16# (OR (AND #1# #22=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #18#))))) (AND #4# #22#) (AND #5# #22#) (AND #6# #22#) (AND #7# #22#) (AND #8# #22#) (AND #9# #22#) (AND #10# #22#) (AND #12# #22#) (AND #22# #14#) #23=(AND #22# #16#)) (OR #24=(AND #1# #25=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #18#)))) #26=(AND #4# #25#) #27=(AND #5# #25#) #28=(AND #9# #25#) #29=(AND #10# #25#) #30=(AND #12# #25#) #31=(AND #25# #16#) #32=(AND #6# #25#) #33=(AND #7# #25#) #34=(AND #8# #25#) #14#) (OR #24# #26# #27# #28# #29# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# (AND #25# #14#)) #35=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| #18# #11#) #19# (OR (AND #5# #14#) #20#) (OR (AND #12# #14#) #21#) #31# (OR #31# #14#) #23# #21# #20# #4# #1# (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #15# (AND #35# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|DifferentialPolynomialCategory&| A R S V E) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{DifferentialPolynomialCategory} is a category constructor specifying basic functions in an ordinary differential polynomial ring with a given ordered set of differential indeterminates. In addition,{} it implements defaults for the basic functions. The functions \\spadfun{order} and \\spadfun{weight} are extended from the set of derivatives of differential indeterminates to the set of differential polynomials. Other operations provided on differential polynomials are \\spadfun{leader},{} \\spadfun{initial},{} \\spadfun{separant},{} \\spadfun{differentialVariables},{} and \\spadfun{isobaric?}. Furthermore,{} if the ground ring is a differential ring,{} then evaluation (substitution of differential indeterminates by elements of the ground ring or by differential polynomials) is provided by \\spadfun{eval}. A convenient way of referencing derivatives is provided by the functions \\spadfun{makeVariable}. \\blankline To construct a domain using this constructor,{} one needs to provide a ground ring \\spad{R},{} an ordered set \\spad{S} of differential indeterminates,{} a ranking \\spad{V} on the set of derivatives of the differential indeterminates,{} and a set \\spad{E} of exponents in bijection with the set of differential monomials in the given differential indeterminates. \\blankline")) (|separant| (($ $) "\\spad{separant(p)} returns the partial derivative of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to its leader.")) (|initial| (($ $) "\\spad{initial(p)} returns the leading coefficient when the differential polynomial \\spad{p} is written as a univariate polynomial in its leader.")) (|leader| ((|#4| $) "\\spad{leader(p)} returns the derivative of the highest rank appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} Note: an error occurs if \\spad{p} is in the ground ring.")) (|isobaric?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{isobaric?(p)} returns \\spad{true} if every differential monomial appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} has same weight,{} and returns \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|weight| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{weight(p, s)} returns the maximum weight of all differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} when \\spad{p} is viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{weight(p)} returns the maximum weight of all differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|weights| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $ |#3|) "\\spad{weights(p, s)} returns a list of weights of differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} when \\spad{p} is viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.") (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $) "\\spad{weights(p)} returns a list of weights of differential monomials appearing in differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{degree(p, s)} returns the maximum degree of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(p)} returns the order of the differential polynomial \\spad{p},{} which is the maximum number of differentiations of a differential indeterminate,{} among all those appearing in \\spad{p}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{order(p,s)} returns the order of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} in differential indeterminate \\spad{s}.")) (|differentialVariables| (((|List| |#3|) $) "\\spad{differentialVariables(p)} returns a list of differential indeterminates occurring in a differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|makeVariable| (((|Mapping| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $) "\\spad{makeVariable(p)} views \\spad{p} as an element of a differential ring,{} in such a way that the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{p} may be simply referenced as \\spad{z}.\\spad{n} where \\spad{z} := makeVariable(\\spad{p}). Note: In the interpreter,{} \\spad{z} is given as an internal map,{} which may be ignored.") (((|Mapping| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) |#3|) "\\spad{makeVariable(s)} views \\spad{s} as a differential indeterminate,{} in such a way that the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{s} may be simply referenced as \\spad{z}.\\spad{n} where \\spad{z} :=makeVariable(\\spad{s}). Note: In the interpreter,{} \\spad{z} is given as an internal map,{} which may be ignored."))) NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) (|DifferentialPolynomialCategory| R S V E) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{DifferentialPolynomialCategory} is a category constructor specifying basic functions in an ordinary differential polynomial ring with a given ordered set of differential indeterminates. In addition,{} it implements defaults for the basic functions. The functions \\spadfun{order} and \\spadfun{weight} are extended from the set of derivatives of differential indeterminates to the set of differential polynomials. Other operations provided on differential polynomials are \\spadfun{leader},{} \\spadfun{initial},{} \\spadfun{separant},{} \\spadfun{differentialVariables},{} and \\spadfun{isobaric?}. Furthermore,{} if the ground ring is a differential ring,{} then evaluation (substitution of differential indeterminates by elements of the ground ring or by differential polynomials) is provided by \\spadfun{eval}. A convenient way of referencing derivatives is provided by the functions \\spadfun{makeVariable}. \\blankline To construct a domain using this constructor,{} one needs to provide a ground ring \\spad{R},{} an ordered set \\spad{S} of differential indeterminates,{} a ranking \\spad{V} on the set of derivatives of the differential indeterminates,{} and a set \\spad{E} of exponents in bijection with the set of differential monomials in the given differential indeterminates. \\blankline")) (|separant| (($ $) "\\spad{separant(p)} returns the partial derivative of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to its leader.")) (|initial| (($ $) "\\spad{initial(p)} returns the leading coefficient when the differential polynomial \\spad{p} is written as a univariate polynomial in its leader.")) (|leader| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{leader(p)} returns the derivative of the highest rank appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} Note: an error occurs if \\spad{p} is in the ground ring.")) (|isobaric?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{isobaric?(p)} returns \\spad{true} if every differential monomial appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} has same weight,{} and returns \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|weight| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{weight(p, s)} returns the maximum weight of all differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} when \\spad{p} is viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{weight(p)} returns the maximum weight of all differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|weights| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $ |#2|) "\\spad{weights(p, s)} returns a list of weights of differential monomials appearing in the differential polynomial \\spad{p} when \\spad{p} is viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.") (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $) "\\spad{weights(p)} returns a list of weights of differential monomials appearing in differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{degree(p, s)} returns the maximum degree of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} viewed as a differential polynomial in the differential indeterminate \\spad{s} alone.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(p)} returns the order of the differential polynomial \\spad{p},{} which is the maximum number of differentiations of a differential indeterminate,{} among all those appearing in \\spad{p}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{order(p,s)} returns the order of the differential polynomial \\spad{p} in differential indeterminate \\spad{s}.")) (|differentialVariables| (((|List| |#2|) $) "\\spad{differentialVariables(p)} returns a list of differential indeterminates occurring in a differential polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|makeVariable| (((|Mapping| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $) "\\spad{makeVariable(p)} views \\spad{p} as an element of a differential ring,{} in such a way that the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{p} may be simply referenced as \\spad{z}.\\spad{n} where \\spad{z} := makeVariable(\\spad{p}). Note: In the interpreter,{} \\spad{z} is given as an internal map,{} which may be ignored.") (((|Mapping| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) |#2|) "\\spad{makeVariable(s)} views \\spad{s} as a differential indeterminate,{} in such a way that the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{s} may be simply referenced as \\spad{z}.\\spad{n} where \\spad{z} :=makeVariable(\\spad{s}). Note: In the interpreter,{} \\spad{z} is given as an internal map,{} which may be ignored."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) NIL (|DequeueAggregate| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A dequeue is a doubly ended stack,{} that is,{} a bag where first items inserted are the first items extracted,{} at either the front or the back end of the data structure.")) (|reverse!| (($ $) "\\spad{reverse!(d)} destructively replaces \\spad{d} by its reverse dequeue,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the top (front) element is now the bottom (back) element,{} and so on.")) (|extractBottom!| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{extractBottom!(d)} destructively extracts the bottom (back) element from the dequeue \\spad{d}. Error: if \\spad{d} is empty.")) (|extractTop!| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{extractTop!(d)} destructively extracts the top (front) element from the dequeue \\spad{d}. Error: if \\spad{d} is empty.")) (|insertBottom!| ((|#1| |#1| $) "\\spad{insertBottom!(x,d)} destructively inserts \\spad{x} into the dequeue \\spad{d} at the bottom (back) of the dequeue.")) (|insertTop!| ((|#1| |#1| $) "\\spad{insertTop!(x,d)} destructively inserts \\spad{x} into the dequeue \\spad{d},{} that is,{} at the top (front) of the dequeue. The element previously at the top of the dequeue becomes the second in the dequeue,{} and so on.")) (|bottom!| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{bottom!(d)} returns the element at the bottom (back) of the dequeue.")) (|top!| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{top!(d)} returns the element at the top (front) of the dequeue.")) (|height| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{height(d)} returns the number of elements in dequeue \\spad{d}. Note: \\axiom{height(\\spad{d}) = \\# \\spad{d}}.")) (|dequeue| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{dequeue([x,y,...,z])} creates a dequeue with first (top or front) element \\spad{x},{} second element \\spad{y},{}...,{}and last (bottom or back) element \\spad{z}.") (($) "\\spad{dequeue()}\\$\\spad{D} creates an empty dequeue of type \\spad{D}."))) @@ -842,8 +842,8 @@ NIL NIL (|DifferentialSparseMultivariatePolynomial| R S V) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{DifferentialSparseMultivariatePolynomial} implements an ordinary differential polynomial ring by combining a domain belonging to the category \\spadtype{DifferentialVariableCategory} with the domain \\spadtype{SparseMultivariatePolynomial}. \\blankline"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #18# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #18# #14#)) (|DifferentialVariableCategory&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{DifferentialVariableCategory} constructs the set of derivatives of a given set of (ordinary) differential indeterminates. If \\spad{x},{}...,{}\\spad{y} is an ordered set of differential indeterminates,{} and the prime notation is used for differentiation,{} then the set of derivatives (including zero-th order) of the differential indeterminates is \\spad{x},{}\\spad{x'},{}\\spad{x''},{}...,{} \\spad{y},{}\\spad{y'},{}\\spad{y''},{}... (Note: in the interpreter,{} the \\spad{n}-th derivative of \\spad{y} is displayed as \\spad{y} with a subscript \\spad{n}.) This set is viewed as a set of algebraic indeterminates,{} totally ordered in a way compatible with differentiation and the given order on the differential indeterminates. Such a total order is called a ranking of the differential indeterminates. \\blankline A domain in this category is needed to construct a differential polynomial domain. Differential polynomials are ordered by a ranking on the derivatives,{} and by an order (extending the ranking) on on the set of differential monomials. One may thus associate a domain in this category with a ranking of the differential indeterminates,{} just as one associates a domain in the category \\spadtype{OrderedAbelianMonoidSup} with an ordering of the set of monomials in a set of algebraic indeterminates. The ranking is specified through the binary relation \\spadfun{<}. For example,{} one may define one derivative to be less than another by lexicographically comparing first the \\spadfun{order},{} then the given order of the differential indeterminates appearing in the derivatives. This is the default implementation. \\blankline The notion of weight generalizes that of degree. A polynomial domain may be made into a graded ring if a weight function is given on the set of indeterminates,{} Very often,{} a grading is the first step in ordering the set of monomials. For differential polynomial domains,{} this constructor provides a function \\spadfun{weight},{} which allows the assignment of a non-negative number to each derivative of a differential indeterminate. For example,{} one may define the weight of a derivative to be simply its \\spadfun{order} (this is the default assignment). This weight function can then be extended to the set of all differential polynomials,{} providing a graded ring structure.")) (|weight| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{weight(v)} returns the weight of the derivative \\spad{v}.")) (|variable| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{variable(v)} returns \\spad{s} if \\spad{v} is any derivative of the differential indeterminate \\spad{s}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(v)} returns \\spad{n} if \\spad{v} is the \\spad{n}-th derivative of any differential indeterminate.")) (|makeVariable| (($ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{makeVariable(s, n)} returns the \\spad{n}-th derivative of a differential indeterminate \\spad{s} as an algebraic indeterminate."))) NIL @@ -913,8 +913,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|EuclideanModularRing| S R |Mod| |reduction| |merge| |exactQuo|) -((|constructor| (NIL "These domains are used for the factorization and gcds of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{ModularRing},{} \\spadtype{ModularField}")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} \\undocumented")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} \\undocumented")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#2| |#3|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|coerce| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "These domains are used for the factorization and gcds of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{ModularRing},{} \\spadtype{ModularField}")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} \\undocumented")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#2| |#3|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|EntireRing&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Entire Rings (non-commutative Integral Domains),{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a ring not necessarily commutative which has no zero divisors. \\blankline")) (|noZeroDivisors| ((|attribute|) "if a product is zero then one of the factors must be zero."))) @@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ NIL NIL (|EntireRing|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Entire Rings (non-commutative Integral Domains),{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a ring not necessarily commutative which has no zero divisors. \\blankline")) (|noZeroDivisors| ((|attribute|) "if a product is zero then one of the factors must be zero."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T)) NIL (|Environment|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: Gabriel Dos Reis} Date Created: October 24,{} 2007 Date Last Modified: March 18,{} 2010. An `Environment' is a stack of scope.")) (|categoryFrame| (($) "the current category environment in the interpreter.")) (|interactiveEnv| (($) "the current interactive environment in effect.")) (|currentEnv| (($) "the current normal environment in effect.")) (|putProperties| (($ (|Identifier|) (|List| (|Property|)) $) "\\spad{putProperties(n,props,e)} set the list of properties of \\spad{n} to \\spad{props} in \\spad{e}.")) (|getProperties| (((|List| (|Property|)) (|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{getBinding(n,e)} returns the list of properties of \\spad{n} in \\spad{e}.")) (|putProperty| (($ (|Identifier|) (|Identifier|) (|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{putProperty(n,p,v,e)} binds the property \\spad{(p,v)} to \\spad{n} in the topmost scope of \\spad{e}.")) (|getProperty| (((|Maybe| (|SExpression|)) (|Identifier|) (|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{getProperty(n,p,e)} returns the value of property with name \\spad{p} for the symbol \\spad{n} in environment \\spad{e}. Otherwise,{} \\spad{nothing}.")) (|scopes| (((|List| (|Scope|)) $) "\\spad{scopes(e)} returns the stack of scopes in environment \\spad{e}.")) (|empty| (($) "\\spad{empty()} constructs an empty environment"))) @@ -934,8 +934,8 @@ NIL NIL (|Equation| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Equations as mathematical objects. All properties of the basis domain,{} \\spadignore{e.g.} being an abelian group are carried over the equation domain,{} by performing the structural operations on the left and on the right hand side.")) (|subst| (($ $ $) "\\spad{subst(eq1,eq2)} substitutes \\spad{eq2} into both sides of \\spad{eq1} the lhs of \\spad{eq2} should be a kernel")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} returns the multiplicative inverse of \\spad{x}.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{e1/e2} produces a new equation by dividing the left and right hand sides of equations \\spad{e1} and \\spad{e2}.")) (|factorAndSplit| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{factorAndSplit(eq)} make the right hand side 0 and factors the new left hand side. Each factor is equated to 0 and put into the resulting list without repetitions.")) (|rightOne| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightOne(eq)} divides by the right hand side.") (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightOne(eq)} divides by the right hand side,{} if possible.")) (|leftOne| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftOne(eq)} divides by the left hand side.") (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftOne(eq)} divides by the left hand side,{} if possible.")) (* (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{eqn*x} produces a new equation by multiplying both sides of equation eqn by \\spad{x}.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{x*eqn} produces a new equation by multiplying both sides of equation eqn by \\spad{x}.")) (- (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{eqn-x} produces a new equation by subtracting \\spad{x} from both sides of equation eqn.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{x-eqn} produces a new equation by subtracting both sides of equation eqn from \\spad{x}.")) (|rightZero| (($ $) "\\spad{rightZero(eq)} subtracts the right hand side.")) (|leftZero| (($ $) "\\spad{leftZero(eq)} subtracts the left hand side.")) (+ (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{eqn+x} produces a new equation by adding \\spad{x} to both sides of equation eqn.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{x+eqn} produces a new equation by adding \\spad{x} to both sides of equation eqn.")) (|eval| (($ $ (|List| $)) "\\spad{eval(eqn, [x1=v1, ... xn=vn])} replaces \\spad{xi} by \\spad{vi} in equation \\spad{eqn}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{eval(eqn, x=f)} replaces \\spad{x} by \\spad{f} in equation \\spad{eqn}.")) (|rhs| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{rhs(eqn)} returns the right hand side of equation \\spad{eqn}.")) (|lhs| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{lhs(eqn)} returns the left hand side of equation \\spad{eqn}.")) (|swap| (($ $) "\\spad{swap(eq)} interchanges left and right hand side of equation \\spad{eq}.")) (|equation| (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{equation(a,b)} creates an equation.")) (= (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{a=b} creates an equation."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|has| |#1| #1=(|Ring|)) (|has| |#1| (|Group|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #2=(#1#)) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #2#)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #1# #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Ring|)))) (OR #2# #1#) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #3# #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #7=(|Symbol|)))) (OR #6# #3#) (OR #4# #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2# #1# #6# #3#) (OR #4# #2# #1# #6# #3#) (OR #2# #3#) (OR #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Group|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Monoid|)))) #9# (OR #4# #8# #2# #1# #9# #10# #6# #3# #11=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #5#) (OR #9# #10# #11#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #7#) #12=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (AND #5# (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ExpressionSpace|))) (OR #1# #9#) (OR #4# #10#) (OR #9# #3#) #8# #11# #10#) +NIL +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #1# #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Ring|)))) (OR #2# #1#) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #3# #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #7=(|Symbol|)))) (OR #6# #3#) (OR #4# #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2# #1# #6# #3#) (OR #4# #2# #1# #6# #3#) (OR #2# #3#) (OR #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Group|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Monoid|)))) #9# (OR #4# #8# #2# #1# #9# #10# #6# #3# #11=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #5#) (OR #9# #10# #11#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #7#) #12=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (AND #5# (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ExpressionSpace|))) (OR #1# #9#) (OR #4# #10#) #8# #11# #10#) (|EquationFunctions2| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides operations for mapping the sides of equations.")) (|map| (((|Equation| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Equation| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f,eq)} returns an equation where \\spad{f} is applied to the sides of \\spad{eq}"))) NIL @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ NIL NIL (|EuclideanDomain|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A constructive euclidean domain,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} one can divide producing a quotient and a remainder where the remainder is either zero or is smaller (\\spadfun{euclideanSize}) than the divisor. \\blankline Conditional attributes: \\indented{2}{multiplicativeValuation\\tab{25}\\spad{Size(a*b)=Size(a)*Size(b)}} \\indented{2}{additiveValuation\\tab{25}\\spad{Size(a*b)=Size(a)+Size(b)}}")) (|multiEuclidean| (((|Union| (|List| $) "failed") (|List| $) $) "\\spad{multiEuclidean([f1,...,fn],z)} returns a list of coefficients \\spad{[a1, ..., an]} such that \\spad{ z / prod fi = sum aj/fj}. If no such list of coefficients exists,{} \"failed\" is returned.")) (|extendedEuclidean| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) "failed") $ $ $) "\\spad{extendedEuclidean(x,y,z)} either returns a record rec where \\spad{rec.coef1*x+rec.coef2*y=z} or returns \"failed\" if \\spad{z} cannot be expressed as a linear combination of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.") (((|Record| (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $) (|:| |generator| $)) $ $) "\\spad{extendedEuclidean(x,y)} returns a record rec where \\spad{rec.coef1*x+rec.coef2*y = rec.generator} and rec.generator is a gcd of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}. The gcd is unique only up to associates if \\spadatt{canonicalUnitNormal} is not asserted. \\spadfun{principalIdeal} provides a version of this operation which accepts an arbitrary length list of arguments.")) (|rem| (($ $ $) "\\spad{x rem y} is the same as \\spad{divide(x,y).remainder}. See \\spadfunFrom{divide}{EuclideanDomain}.")) (|quo| (($ $ $) "\\spad{x quo y} is the same as \\spad{divide(x,y).quotient}. See \\spadfunFrom{divide}{EuclideanDomain}.")) (|divide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{divide(x,y)} divides \\spad{x} by \\spad{y} producing a record containing a \\spad{quotient} and \\spad{remainder},{} where the remainder is smaller (see \\spadfunFrom{sizeLess?}{EuclideanDomain}) than the divisor \\spad{y}.")) (|euclideanSize| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{euclideanSize(x)} returns the euclidean size of the element \\spad{x}. Error: if \\spad{x} is zero.")) (|sizeLess?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{sizeLess?(x,y)} tests whether \\spad{x} is strictly smaller than \\spad{y} with respect to the \\spadfunFrom{euclideanSize}{EuclideanDomain}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Evalable&| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category provides \\spadfun{eval} operations. A domain may belong to this category if it is possible to make ``evaluation'' substitutions.")) (|eval| (($ $ (|List| (|Equation| |#2|))) "\\spad{eval(f, [x1 = v1,...,xn = vn])} replaces \\spad{xi} by \\spad{vi} in \\spad{f}.") (($ $ (|Equation| |#2|)) "\\spad{eval(f,x = v)} replaces \\spad{x} by \\spad{v} in \\spad{f}."))) @@ -994,12 +994,12 @@ NIL NIL (|ExponentialExpansion| R FE |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity is a domain used to represent essential singularities of functions. Objects in this domain are quotients of sums,{} where each term in the sum is a univariate Puiseux series times the exponential of a univariate Puiseux series.")) (|coerce| (($ (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|)) "\\spad{coerce(f)} converts a \\spadtype{UnivariatePuiseuxSeries} to an \\spadtype{ExponentialExpansion}.")) (|limitPlus| (((|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) "failed") $) "\\spad{limitPlus(f(var))} returns \\spad{limit(var -> a+,f(var))}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity| |#1| |#2| |#3| |#4|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity|) (|devaluate| |#1|) (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|) (|devaluate| |#4|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity| |#1| |#2| |#3| |#4|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity|) (|devaluate| |#1|) (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|) (|devaluate| |#4|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) (|Expression| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Expressions involving symbolic functions.")) (|squareFreePolynomial| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{squareFreePolynomial(p)} \\undocumented{}")) (|factorPolynomial| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{factorPolynomial(p)} \\undocumented{}")) (|simplifyPower| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "simplifyPower?(\\spad{f},{}\\spad{n}) \\undocumented{}")) (|number?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{number?(f)} tests if \\spad{f} is rational")) (|reduce| (($ $) "\\spad{reduce(f)} simplifies all the unreduced algebraic quantities present in \\spad{f} by applying their defining relations."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (AND (|has| |#1| #1=(|IntegralDomain|)) (OR #2=(|has| |#1| (|Ring|)) #3=(|has| |#1| (|Group|)))) #2# #3#) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #4=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #4#) ((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #5=(#1#)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #5#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #5#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #5#)) -((OR #1=(AND #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #5=(|Integer|))))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #5#))))) #2# (OR #2# #7=(|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|Ring|)))) #7# #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (OR #2# #6#) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #11=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (OR #10# #7#) (OR (AND #11# #13=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #5#)))) (AND #12# #13#) (AND #10# #13#) (AND #2# #13#) #14=(AND #13# #7#)) (OR #15=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Group|))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|)))) #15# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #3# #7#) #3# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #17=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #17#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) #1# (OR #9# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (OR #9# #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (OR #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2#) (OR #15# #2#) #14# (OR #14# #9#) (OR #14# #18# #16#) (OR #14# #18#) (OR #15# #7#) (OR (AND #2# #6#) #1#) #18# #16# #6# (|HasCategory| $ #8#) (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #1=((|IntegralDomain|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#)) +((OR #1=(AND #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #5=(|Integer|))))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #5#))))) #2# (OR #2# #7=(|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|Ring|)))) #7# #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (OR #2# #6#) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #11=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (OR #10# #7#) (OR (AND #11# #13=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #5#)))) (AND #12# #13#) (AND #10# #13#) (AND #2# #13#) #14=(AND #13# #7#)) (OR #15=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Group|))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|)))) #15# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #3# #7#) #3# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #17=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #17#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) #1# (OR #9# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (OR #9# #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (OR #11# #12# #10# #2# #7#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2#) (OR #15# #2#) #14# (OR #14# #9#) (OR #14# #18# #16#) (OR #14# #18#) (OR (AND #2# #6#) #1#) #18# #16# #6# (|HasCategory| $ #8#) (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) (|ExpressionFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Lifting of maps to Expressions. Date Created: 16 Jan 1989 Date Last Updated: 22 Jan 1990")) (|map| (((|Expression| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Expression| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f, e)} applies \\spad{f} to all the constants appearing in \\spad{e}."))) NIL @@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ NIL NIL (|ExponentialOfUnivariatePuiseuxSeries| FE |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "ExponentialOfUnivariatePuiseuxSeries is a domain used to represent essential singularities of functions. An object in this domain is a function of the form \\spad{exp(f(x))},{} where \\spad{f(x)} is a Puiseux series with no terms of non-negative degree. Objects are ordered according to order of singularity,{} with functions which tend more rapidly to zero or infinity considered to be larger. Thus,{} if \\spad{order(f(x)) < order(g(x))},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the first non-zero term of \\spad{f(x)} has lower degree than the first non-zero term of \\spad{g(x)},{} then \\spad{exp(f(x)) > exp(g(x))}. If \\spad{order(f(x)) = order(g(x))},{} then the ordering is essentially random. This domain is used in computing limits involving functions with essential singularities.")) (|exponentialOrder| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{exponentialOrder(exp(c * x **(-n) + ...))} returns \\spad{-n}. exponentialOrder(0) returns \\spad{0}.")) (|exponent| (((|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) $) "\\spad{exponent(exp(f(x)))} returns \\spad{f(x)}")) (|exponential| (($ (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|)) "\\spad{exponential(f(x))} returns \\spad{exp(f(x))}. Note: the function does NOT check that \\spad{f(x)} has no non-negative terms."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #5# #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #6=(|Symbol|)))) #7=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #8=(|devaluate| |#1|) #9=(|%list| (QUOTE |Fraction|) (QUOTE #3#)) #8#)))) #7# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #5# #10# #4#) (OR #10# #4#) (AND #11=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #8# #8# #9#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #8# #12=(QUOTE #6#))))) #11# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #8# #8# #12#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #12#) #8#)))))) (|FactoredFunctions| M) ((|constructor| (NIL "computes various functions on factored arguments.")) (|log| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |coef| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |logand| |#1|))) (|Factored| |#1|)) "\\spad{log(f)} returns \\spad{[(a1,b1),...,(am,bm)]} such that the logarithm of \\spad{f} is equal to \\spad{a1*log(b1) + ... + am*log(bm)}.")) (|nthRoot| (((|Record| (|:| |exponent| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |coef| |#1|) (|:| |radicand| (|List| |#1|))) (|Factored| |#1|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{nthRoot(f, n)} returns \\spad{(p, r, [r1,...,rm])} such that the \\spad{n}th-root of \\spad{f} is equal to \\spad{r * \\spad{p}th-root(r1 * ... * rm)},{} where \\spad{r1},{}...,{}rm are distinct factors of \\spad{f},{} each of which has an exponent smaller than \\spad{p} in \\spad{f}."))) @@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FreeAbelianGroup| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "The free abelian group on a set \\spad{S} is the monoid of finite sums of the form \\spad{reduce(+,[ni * si])} where the \\spad{si}'s are in \\spad{S},{} and the \\spad{ni}'s are integers. The operation is commutative."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| (|Integer|) (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoid|)))) (|FreeAbelianMonoidCategory| S E) ((|constructor| (NIL "A free abelian monoid on a set \\spad{S} is the monoid of finite sums of the form \\spad{reduce(+,[ni * si])} where the \\spad{si}'s are in \\spad{S},{} and the \\spad{ni}'s are in a given abelian monoid. The operation is commutative.")) (|highCommonTerms| (($ $ $) "\\spad{highCommonTerms(e1 a1 + ... + en an, f1 b1 + ... + fm bm)} returns \\indented{2}{\\spad{reduce(+,[max(ei, fi) ci])}} where \\spad{ci} ranges in the intersection of \\spad{{a1,...,an}} and \\spad{{b1,...,bm}}.")) (|mapGen| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) $) "\\spad{mapGen(f, e1 a1 +...+ en an)} returns \\spad{e1 f(a1) +...+ en f(an)}.")) (|mapCoef| (($ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{mapCoef(f, e1 a1 +...+ en an)} returns \\spad{f(e1) a1 +...+ f(en) an}.")) (|coefficient| ((|#2| |#1| $) "\\spad{coefficient(s, e1 a1 + ... + en an)} returns \\spad{ei} such that \\spad{ai} = \\spad{s},{} or 0 if \\spad{s} is not one of the \\spad{ai}'s.")) (|nthFactor| ((|#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFactor(x, n)} returns the factor of the n^th term of \\spad{x}.")) (|nthCoef| ((|#2| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthCoef(x, n)} returns the coefficient of the n^th term of \\spad{x}.")) (|terms| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |gen| |#1|) (|:| |exp| |#2|))) $) "\\spad{terms(e1 a1 + ... + en an)} returns \\spad{[[a1, e1],...,[an, en]]}.")) (|size| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{size(x)} returns the number of terms in \\spad{x}. mapGen(\\spad{f},{} \\spad{a1}\\^\\spad{e1} ... an\\^en) returns \\spad{f(a1)\\^e1 ... f(an)\\^en}.")) (* (($ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{e * s} returns \\spad{e} times \\spad{s}.")) (+ (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{s + x} returns the sum of \\spad{s} and \\spad{x}."))) @@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|FiniteAbelianMonoidRing| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is similar to AbelianMonoidRing,{} except that the sum is assumed to be finite. It is a useful model for polynomials,{} but is somewhat more general.")) (|primitivePart| (($ $) "\\spad{primitivePart(p)} returns the unit normalized form of polynomial \\spad{p} divided by the content of \\spad{p}.")) (|content| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{content(p)} gives the gcd of the coefficients of polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ |#1|) "\\spad{exquo(p,r)} returns the exact quotient of polynomial \\spad{p} by \\spad{r},{} or \"failed\" if none exists.")) (|binomThmExpt| (($ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{binomThmExpt(p,q,n)} returns \\spad{(x+y)^n} by means of the binomial theorem trick.")) (|pomopo!| (($ $ |#1| |#2| $) "\\spad{pomopo!(p1,r,e,p2)} returns \\spad{p1 + monomial(e,r) * p2} and may use \\spad{p1} as workspace. The constaant \\spad{r} is assumed to be nonzero.")) (|mapExponents| (($ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{mapExponents(fn,u)} maps function \\spad{fn} onto the exponents of the non-zero monomials of polynomial \\spad{u}.")) (|minimumDegree| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{minimumDegree(p)} gives the least exponent of a non-zero term of polynomial \\spad{p}. Error: if applied to 0.")) (|numberOfMonomials| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfMonomials(p)} gives the number of non-zero monomials in polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|coefficients| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(p)} gives the list of non-zero coefficients of polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|ground| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{ground(p)} retracts polynomial \\spad{p} to the coefficient ring.")) (|ground?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{ground?(p)} tests if polynomial \\spad{p} is a member of the coefficient ring."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|FlexibleArray| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{A FlexibleArray is the notion of an array intended to allow for growth} at the end only. Hence the following efficient operations \\indented{2}{\\spad{append(x,a)} meaning append item \\spad{x} at the end of the array \\spad{a}} \\indented{2}{\\spad{delete(a,n)} meaning delete the last item from the array \\spad{a}} Flexible arrays support the other operations inherited from \\spadtype{ExtensibleLinearAggregate}. However,{} these are not efficient. Flexible arrays combine the \\spad{O(1)} access time property of arrays with growing and shrinking at the end in \\spad{O(1)} (average) time. This is done by using an ordinary array which may have zero or more empty slots at the end. When the array becomes full it is copied into a new larger (50\\% larger) array. Conversely,{} when the array becomes less than 1/2 full,{} it is copied into a smaller array. Flexible arrays provide for an efficient implementation of many data structures in particular heaps,{} stacks and sets."))) @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|FiniteAlgebraicExtensionField| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteAlgebraicExtensionField {\\em F} is the category of fields which are finite algebraic extensions of the field {\\em F}. If {\\em F} is finite then any finite algebraic extension of {\\em F} is finite,{} too. Let {\\em K} be a finite algebraic extension of the finite field {\\em F}. The exponentiation of elements of {\\em K} defines a \\spad{Z}-module structure on the multiplicative group of {\\em K}. The additive group of {\\em K} becomes a module over the ring of polynomials over {\\em F} via the operation \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a:K,{}f:SparseUnivariatePolynomial \\spad{F}) which is linear over {\\em F},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} for elements {\\em a} from {\\em K},{} {\\em c,d} from {\\em F} and {\\em f,g} univariate polynomials over {\\em F} we have \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}cf+dg) equals {\\em c} times \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}\\spad{f}) plus {\\em d} times \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}\\spad{g}). Therefore \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp} is defined completely by its action on monomials from {\\em F[X]}: \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}monomial(1,{}\\spad{k})\\$SUP(\\spad{F})) is defined to be \\spadfun{Frobenius}(a,{}\\spad{k}) which is {\\em a**(q**k)} where {\\em q=size()\\$F}. The operations order and discreteLog associated with the multiplicative exponentiation have additive analogues associated to the operation \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}. These are the functions \\spadfun{linearAssociatedOrder} and \\spadfun{linearAssociatedLog},{} respectively.")) (|linearAssociatedLog| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") $ $) "\\spad{linearAssociatedLog(b,a)} returns a polynomial {\\em g},{} such that the \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(\\spad{b},{}\\spad{g}) equals {\\em a}. If there is no such polynomial {\\em g},{} then \\spadfun{linearAssociatedLog} fails.") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{linearAssociatedLog(a)} returns a polynomial {\\em g},{} such that \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(normalElement(),{}\\spad{g}) equals {\\em a}.")) (|linearAssociatedOrder| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{linearAssociatedOrder(a)} retruns the monic polynomial {\\em g} of least degree,{} such that \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}\\spad{g}) is 0.")) (|linearAssociatedExp| (($ $ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{linearAssociatedExp(a,f)} is linear over {\\em F},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} for elements {\\em a} from {\\em \\$},{} {\\em c,d} form {\\em F} and {\\em f,g} univariate polynomials over {\\em F} we have \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}cf+dg) equals {\\em c} times \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}\\spad{f}) plus {\\em d} times \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}\\spad{g}). Therefore \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp} is defined completely by its action on monomials from {\\em F[X]}: \\spadfun{linearAssociatedExp}(a,{}monomial(1,{}\\spad{k})\\$SUP(\\spad{F})) is defined to be \\spadfun{Frobenius}(a,{}\\spad{k}) which is {\\em a**(q**k)},{} where {\\em q=size()\\$F}.")) (|generator| (($) "\\spad{generator()} returns a root of the defining polynomial. This element generates the field as an algebra over the ground field.")) (|normal?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{normal?(a)} tests whether the element \\spad{a} is normal over the ground field \\spad{F},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{a**(q**i), 0 <= i <= extensionDegree()-1} is an \\spad{F}-basis,{} where \\spad{q = size()\\$F}. Implementation according to Lidl/Niederreiter: Theorem 2.39.")) (|normalElement| (($) "\\spad{normalElement()} returns a element,{} normal over the ground field \\spad{F},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{a**(q**i), 0 <= i < extensionDegree()} is an \\spad{F}-basis,{} where \\spad{q = size()\\$F}. At the first call,{} the element is computed by \\spadfunFrom{createNormalElement}{FiniteAlgebraicExtensionField} then cached in a global variable. On subsequent calls,{} the element is retrieved by referencing the global variable.")) (|createNormalElement| (($) "\\spad{createNormalElement()} computes a normal element over the ground field \\spad{F},{} that is,{} \\spad{a**(q**i), 0 <= i < extensionDegree()} is an \\spad{F}-basis,{} where \\spad{q = size()\\$F}. Reference: Such an element exists Lidl/Niederreiter: Theorem 2.35.")) (|trace| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{trace(a,d)} computes the trace of \\spad{a} with respect to the field of extension degree \\spad{d} over the ground field of size \\spad{q}. Error: if \\spad{d} does not divide the extension degree of \\spad{a}. Note: \\spad{trace(a,d) = reduce(+,[a**(q**(d*i)) for i in 0..n/d])}.") ((|#1| $) "\\spad{trace(a)} computes the trace of \\spad{a} with respect to the field considered as an algebra with 1 over the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|norm| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{norm(a,d)} computes the norm of \\spad{a} with respect to the field of extension degree \\spad{d} over the ground field of size. Error: if \\spad{d} does not divide the extension degree of \\spad{a}. Note: norm(a,{}\\spad{d}) = reduce(*,{}[a**(q**(d*i)) for \\spad{i} in 0..n/d])") ((|#1| $) "\\spad{norm(a)} computes the norm of \\spad{a} with respect to the field considered as an algebra with 1 over the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|degree| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(a)} returns the degree of the minimal polynomial of an element \\spad{a} over the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|extensionDegree| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{extensionDegree()} returns the degree of field extension.")) (|definingPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{definingPolynomial()} returns the polynomial used to define the field extension.")) (|minimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{minimalPolynomial(x,n)} computes the minimal polynomial of \\spad{x} over the field of extension degree \\spad{n} over the ground field \\spad{F}.") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{minimalPolynomial(a)} returns the minimal polynomial of an element \\spad{a} over the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{represents([a1,..,an])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}vn are the elements of the fixed basis.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([v1,...,vm])} returns the coordinates of the \\spad{vi}'s with to the fixed basis. The coordinates of \\spad{vi} are contained in the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix returned by this function.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coordinates(a)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{F}-vectorspace basis.")) (|basis| (((|Vector| $) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{basis(n)} returns a fixed basis of a subfield of \\$ as \\spad{F}-vectorspace.") (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{basis()} returns a fixed basis of \\$ as \\spad{F}-vectorspace."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|FourierComponent| E) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: James Davenport} Date Created: 17 April 1992 Date Last Updated: 12 June 1992 Basic Functions: Related Constructors: Also See: AMS Classifications: Keywords: References: Description:")) (|argument| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{argument(x)} returns the argument of a given sin/cos expressions")) (|sin?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{sin?(x)} returns \\spad{true} if term is a sin,{} otherwise \\spad{false}")) (|cos| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{cos(x)} makes a cos kernel for use in Fourier series")) (|sin| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{sin(x)} makes a sin kernel for use in Fourier series"))) @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FiniteField| |p| |n|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteField(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n}) implements finite fields with p**n elements. This packages checks that \\spad{p} is prime. For a non-checking version,{} see \\spadtype{InnerFiniteField}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|PrimeField| |#1|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3# #1#) (|FunctionFieldCategory&| S F UP UPUP) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is a model for the function field of a plane algebraic curve.")) (|rationalPoints| (((|List| (|List| |#2|))) "\\spad{rationalPoints()} returns the list of all the affine rational points.")) (|nonSingularModel| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#2|)) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{nonSingularModel(u)} returns the equations in \\spad{u1},{}...,{}un of an affine non-singular model for the curve.")) (|algSplitSimple| (((|Record| (|:| |num| $) (|:| |den| |#3|) (|:| |derivden| |#3|) (|:| |gd| |#3|)) $ (|Mapping| |#3| |#3|)) "\\spad{algSplitSimple(f, D)} returns \\spad{[h,d,d',g]} such that \\spad{f=h/d},{} \\spad{h} is integral at all the normal places \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\spad{D},{} \\spad{d' = Dd},{} \\spad{g = gcd(d, discriminant())} and \\spad{D} is the derivation to use. \\spad{f} must have at most simple finite poles.")) (|hyperelliptic| (((|Union| |#3| "failed")) "\\spad{hyperelliptic()} returns \\spad{p(x)} if the curve is the hyperelliptic defined by \\spad{y**2 = p(x)},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|elliptic| (((|Union| |#3| "failed")) "\\spad{elliptic()} returns \\spad{p(x)} if the curve is the elliptic defined by \\spad{y**2 = p(x)},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|elt| ((|#2| $ |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{elt(f,a,b)} or \\spad{f}(a,{} \\spad{b}) returns the value of \\spad{f} at the point \\spad{(x = a, y = b)} if it is not singular.")) (|primitivePart| (($ $) "\\spad{primitivePart(f)} removes the content of the denominator and the common content of the numerator of \\spad{f}.")) (|differentiate| (($ $ (|Mapping| |#3| |#3|)) "\\spad{differentiate(x, d)} extends the derivation \\spad{d} from UP to \\$ and applies it to \\spad{x}.")) (|integralDerivationMatrix| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Matrix| |#3|)) (|:| |den| |#3|)) (|Mapping| |#3| |#3|)) "\\spad{integralDerivationMatrix(d)} extends the derivation \\spad{d} from UP to \\$ and returns (\\spad{M},{} \\spad{Q}) such that the i^th row of \\spad{M} divided by \\spad{Q} form the coordinates of \\spad{d(wi)} with respect to \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis returned by integralBasis().")) (|integralRepresents| (($ (|Vector| |#3|) |#3|) "\\spad{integralRepresents([A1,...,An], D)} returns \\spad{(A1 w1+...+An wn)/D} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spad{integralBasis()}.")) (|integralCoordinates| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Vector| |#3|)) (|:| |den| |#3|)) $) "\\spad{integralCoordinates(f)} returns \\spad{[[A1,...,An], D]} such that \\spad{f = (A1 w1 +...+ An wn) / D} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis returned by \\spad{integralBasis()}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#3|) |#3|) "\\spad{represents([A0,...,A(n-1)],D)} returns \\spad{(A0 + A1 y +...+ A(n-1)*y**(n-1))/D}.")) (|yCoordinates| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Vector| |#3|)) (|:| |den| |#3|)) $) "\\spad{yCoordinates(f)} returns \\spad{[[A1,...,An], D]} such that \\spad{f = (A1 + A2 y +...+ An y**(n-1)) / D}.")) (|inverseIntegralMatrixAtInfinity| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#3|))) "\\spad{inverseIntegralMatrixAtInfinity()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{M (v1,...,vn) = (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(v1,...,vn)} is the local integral basis at infinity returned by \\spad{infIntBasis()}.")) (|integralMatrixAtInfinity| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#3|))) "\\spad{integralMatrixAtInfinity()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{(v1,...,vn) = M (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(v1,...,vn)} is the local integral basis at infinity returned by \\spad{infIntBasis()}.")) (|inverseIntegralMatrix| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#3|))) "\\spad{inverseIntegralMatrix()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{M (w1,...,wn) = (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spadfunFrom{integralBasis}{FunctionFieldCategory}.")) (|integralMatrix| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#3|))) "\\spad{integralMatrix()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{(w1,...,wn) = M (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))},{} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spadfunFrom{integralBasis}{FunctionFieldCategory}.")) (|reduceBasisAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{reduceBasisAtInfinity(b1,...,bn)} returns \\spad{(x**i * bj)} for all \\spad{i},{}\\spad{j} such that \\spad{x**i*bj} is locally integral at infinity.")) (|normalizeAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{normalizeAtInfinity(v)} makes \\spad{v} normal at infinity.")) (|complementaryBasis| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{complementaryBasis(b1,...,bn)} returns the complementary basis \\spad{(b1',...,bn')} of \\spad{(b1,...,bn)}.")) (|integral?| (((|Boolean|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{integral?(f, p)} tests whether \\spad{f} is locally integral at \\spad{p(x) = 0}.") (((|Boolean|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{integral?(f, a)} tests whether \\spad{f} is locally integral at \\spad{x = a}.") (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integral?()} tests if \\spad{f} is integral over \\spad{k[x]}.")) (|integralAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integralAtInfinity?()} tests if \\spad{f} is locally integral at infinity.")) (|integralBasisAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{integralBasisAtInfinity()} returns the local integral basis at infinity.")) (|integralBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{integralBasis()} returns the integral basis for the curve.")) (|ramified?| (((|Boolean|) |#3|) "\\spad{ramified?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is ramified.") (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{ramified?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is ramified.")) (|ramifiedAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{ramifiedAtInfinity?()} tests if infinity is ramified.")) (|singular?| (((|Boolean|) |#3|) "\\spad{singular?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is singular.") (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{singular?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is singular.")) (|singularAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{singularAtInfinity?()} tests if there is a singularity at infinity.")) (|branchPoint?| (((|Boolean|) |#3|) "\\spad{branchPoint?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is a branch point.") (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{branchPoint?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is a branch point.")) (|branchPointAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{branchPointAtInfinity?()} tests if there is a branch point at infinity.")) (|rationalPoint?| (((|Boolean|) |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{rationalPoint?(a, b)} tests if \\spad{(x=a,y=b)} is on the curve.")) (|absolutelyIrreducible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{absolutelyIrreducible?()} tests if the curve absolutely irreducible?")) (|genus| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{genus()} returns the genus of one absolutely irreducible component")) (|numberOfComponents| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{numberOfComponents()} returns the number of absolutely irreducible components."))) @@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|FunctionFieldCategory| F UP UPUP) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is a model for the function field of a plane algebraic curve.")) (|rationalPoints| (((|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{rationalPoints()} returns the list of all the affine rational points.")) (|nonSingularModel| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{nonSingularModel(u)} returns the equations in \\spad{u1},{}...,{}un of an affine non-singular model for the curve.")) (|algSplitSimple| (((|Record| (|:| |num| $) (|:| |den| |#2|) (|:| |derivden| |#2|) (|:| |gd| |#2|)) $ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{algSplitSimple(f, D)} returns \\spad{[h,d,d',g]} such that \\spad{f=h/d},{} \\spad{h} is integral at all the normal places \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\spad{D},{} \\spad{d' = Dd},{} \\spad{g = gcd(d, discriminant())} and \\spad{D} is the derivation to use. \\spad{f} must have at most simple finite poles.")) (|hyperelliptic| (((|Union| |#2| "failed")) "\\spad{hyperelliptic()} returns \\spad{p(x)} if the curve is the hyperelliptic defined by \\spad{y**2 = p(x)},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|elliptic| (((|Union| |#2| "failed")) "\\spad{elliptic()} returns \\spad{p(x)} if the curve is the elliptic defined by \\spad{y**2 = p(x)},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|elt| ((|#1| $ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{elt(f,a,b)} or \\spad{f}(a,{} \\spad{b}) returns the value of \\spad{f} at the point \\spad{(x = a, y = b)} if it is not singular.")) (|primitivePart| (($ $) "\\spad{primitivePart(f)} removes the content of the denominator and the common content of the numerator of \\spad{f}.")) (|differentiate| (($ $ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{differentiate(x, d)} extends the derivation \\spad{d} from UP to \\$ and applies it to \\spad{x}.")) (|integralDerivationMatrix| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Matrix| |#2|)) (|:| |den| |#2|)) (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{integralDerivationMatrix(d)} extends the derivation \\spad{d} from UP to \\$ and returns (\\spad{M},{} \\spad{Q}) such that the i^th row of \\spad{M} divided by \\spad{Q} form the coordinates of \\spad{d(wi)} with respect to \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis returned by integralBasis().")) (|integralRepresents| (($ (|Vector| |#2|) |#2|) "\\spad{integralRepresents([A1,...,An], D)} returns \\spad{(A1 w1+...+An wn)/D} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spad{integralBasis()}.")) (|integralCoordinates| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Vector| |#2|)) (|:| |den| |#2|)) $) "\\spad{integralCoordinates(f)} returns \\spad{[[A1,...,An], D]} such that \\spad{f = (A1 w1 +...+ An wn) / D} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis returned by \\spad{integralBasis()}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#2|) |#2|) "\\spad{represents([A0,...,A(n-1)],D)} returns \\spad{(A0 + A1 y +...+ A(n-1)*y**(n-1))/D}.")) (|yCoordinates| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Vector| |#2|)) (|:| |den| |#2|)) $) "\\spad{yCoordinates(f)} returns \\spad{[[A1,...,An], D]} such that \\spad{f = (A1 + A2 y +...+ An y**(n-1)) / D}.")) (|inverseIntegralMatrixAtInfinity| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{inverseIntegralMatrixAtInfinity()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{M (v1,...,vn) = (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(v1,...,vn)} is the local integral basis at infinity returned by \\spad{infIntBasis()}.")) (|integralMatrixAtInfinity| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{integralMatrixAtInfinity()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{(v1,...,vn) = M (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(v1,...,vn)} is the local integral basis at infinity returned by \\spad{infIntBasis()}.")) (|inverseIntegralMatrix| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{inverseIntegralMatrix()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{M (w1,...,wn) = (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spadfunFrom{integralBasis}{FunctionFieldCategory}.")) (|integralMatrix| (((|Matrix| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{integralMatrix()} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{(w1,...,wn) = M (1, y, ..., y**(n-1))},{} where \\spad{(w1,...,wn)} is the integral basis of \\spadfunFrom{integralBasis}{FunctionFieldCategory}.")) (|reduceBasisAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{reduceBasisAtInfinity(b1,...,bn)} returns \\spad{(x**i * bj)} for all \\spad{i},{}\\spad{j} such that \\spad{x**i*bj} is locally integral at infinity.")) (|normalizeAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{normalizeAtInfinity(v)} makes \\spad{v} normal at infinity.")) (|complementaryBasis| (((|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{complementaryBasis(b1,...,bn)} returns the complementary basis \\spad{(b1',...,bn')} of \\spad{(b1,...,bn)}.")) (|integral?| (((|Boolean|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{integral?(f, p)} tests whether \\spad{f} is locally integral at \\spad{p(x) = 0}.") (((|Boolean|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{integral?(f, a)} tests whether \\spad{f} is locally integral at \\spad{x = a}.") (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integral?()} tests if \\spad{f} is integral over \\spad{k[x]}.")) (|integralAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integralAtInfinity?()} tests if \\spad{f} is locally integral at infinity.")) (|integralBasisAtInfinity| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{integralBasisAtInfinity()} returns the local integral basis at infinity.")) (|integralBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{integralBasis()} returns the integral basis for the curve.")) (|ramified?| (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{ramified?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is ramified.") (((|Boolean|) |#1|) "\\spad{ramified?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is ramified.")) (|ramifiedAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{ramifiedAtInfinity?()} tests if infinity is ramified.")) (|singular?| (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{singular?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is singular.") (((|Boolean|) |#1|) "\\spad{singular?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is singular.")) (|singularAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{singularAtInfinity?()} tests if there is a singularity at infinity.")) (|branchPoint?| (((|Boolean|) |#2|) "\\spad{branchPoint?(p)} tests whether \\spad{p(x) = 0} is a branch point.") (((|Boolean|) |#1|) "\\spad{branchPoint?(a)} tests whether \\spad{x = a} is a branch point.")) (|branchPointAtInfinity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{branchPointAtInfinity?()} tests if there is a branch point at infinity.")) (|rationalPoint?| (((|Boolean|) |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{rationalPoint?(a, b)} tests if \\spad{(x=a,y=b)} is on the curve.")) (|absolutelyIrreducible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{absolutelyIrreducible?()} tests if the curve absolutely irreducible?")) (|genus| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{genus()} returns the genus of one absolutely irreducible component")) (|numberOfComponents| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{numberOfComponents()} returns the number of absolutely irreducible components."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| (|Fraction| |#2|) . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| (|Fraction| |#2|) . #1#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| (|Fraction| |#2|) . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| (|Fraction| |#2|) . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| (|Fraction| |#2|) . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|FunctionFieldCategoryFunctions2| R1 UP1 UPUP1 F1 R2 UP2 UPUP2 F2) ((|constructor| (NIL "Lifts a map from rings to function fields over them.")) (|map| ((|#8| (|Mapping| |#5| |#1|) |#4|) "\\spad{map(f, p)} lifts \\spad{f} to \\spad{F1} and applies it to \\spad{p}."))) @@ -1110,15 +1110,15 @@ NIL NIL (|FiniteFieldCyclicGroup| |p| |extdeg|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldCyclicGroup(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n}) implements a finite field extension of degee \\spad{n} over the prime field with \\spad{p} elements. Its elements are represented by powers of a primitive element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a generator of the multiplicative (cyclic) group. As primitive element we choose the root of the extension polynomial,{} which is created by {\\em createPrimitivePoly} from \\spadtype{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}. The Zech logarithms are stored in a table of size half of the field size,{} and use \\spadtype{SingleInteger} for representing field elements,{} hence,{} there are restrictions on the size of the field.")) (|getZechTable| (((|PrimitiveArray| (|SingleInteger|))) "\\spad{getZechTable()} returns the zech logarithm table of the field. This table is used to perform additions in the field quickly."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|PrimeField| |#1|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3# #1#) (|FiniteFieldCyclicGroupExtensionByPolynomial| GF |defpol|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldCyclicGroupExtensionByPolynomial(GF,{}defpol) implements a finite extension field of the ground field {\\em GF}. Its elements are represented by powers of a primitive element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a generator of the multiplicative (cyclic) group. As primitive element we choose the root of the extension polynomial {\\em defpol},{} which MUST be primitive (user responsibility). Zech logarithms are stored in a table of size half of the field size,{} and use \\spadtype{SingleInteger} for representing field elements,{} hence,{} there are restrictions on the size of the field.")) (|getZechTable| (((|PrimitiveArray| (|SingleInteger|))) "\\spad{getZechTable()} returns the zech logarithm table of the field it is used to perform additions in the field quickly."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FiniteFieldCyclicGroupExtension| GF |extdeg|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldCyclicGroupExtension(GF,{}\\spad{n}) implements a extension of degree \\spad{n} over the ground field {\\em GF}. Its elements are represented by powers of a primitive element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a generator of the multiplicative (cyclic) group. As primitive element we choose the root of the extension polynomial,{} which is created by {\\em createPrimitivePoly} from \\spadtype{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}. Zech logarithms are stored in a table of size half of the field size,{} and use \\spadtype{SingleInteger} for representing field elements,{} hence,{} there are restrictions on the size of the field.")) (|getZechTable| (((|PrimitiveArray| (|SingleInteger|))) "\\spad{getZechTable()} returns the zech logarithm table of the field. This table is used to perform additions in the field quickly."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FiniteFieldFunctions| GF) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldFunctions(GF) is a package with functions concerning finite extension fields of the finite ground field {\\em GF},{} \\spadignore{e.g.} Zech logarithms.")) (|createLowComplexityNormalBasis| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createLowComplexityNormalBasis(n)} tries to find a a low complexity normal basis of degree {\\em n} over {\\em GF} and returns its multiplication matrix If no low complexity basis is found it calls \\axiomFunFrom{createNormalPoly}{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}(\\spad{n}) to produce a normal polynomial of degree {\\em n} over {\\em GF}")) (|createLowComplexityTable| (((|Union| (|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|))))) "failed") (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createLowComplexityTable(n)} tries to find a low complexity normal basis of degree {\\em n} over {\\em GF} and returns its multiplication matrix Fails,{} if it does not find a low complexity basis")) (|sizeMultiplication| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) "\\spad{sizeMultiplication(m)} returns the number of entries of the multiplication table {\\em m}.")) (|createMultiplicationMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) "\\spad{createMultiplicationMatrix(m)} forms the multiplication table {\\em m} into a matrix over the ground field.")) (|createMultiplicationTable| (((|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|))))) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{createMultiplicationTable(f)} generates a multiplication table for the normal basis of the field extension determined by {\\em f}. This is needed to perform multiplications between elements represented as coordinate vectors to this basis. See \\spadtype{FFNBP},{} \\spadtype{FFNBX}.")) (|createZechTable| (((|PrimitiveArray| (|SingleInteger|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{createZechTable(f)} generates a Zech logarithm table for the cyclic group representation of a extension of the ground field by the primitive polynomial {\\em f(x)},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{Z(i)},{} defined by {\\em x**Z(i) = 1+x**i} is stored at index \\spad{i}. This is needed in particular to perform addition of field elements in finite fields represented in this way. See \\spadtype{FFCGP},{} \\spadtype{FFCGX}."))) @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FiniteFieldCategory|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldCategory is the category of finite fields")) (|representationType| (((|Union| "prime" "polynomial" "normal" "cyclic")) "\\spad{representationType()} returns the type of the representation,{} one of: \\spad{prime},{} \\spad{polynomial},{} \\spad{normal},{} or \\spad{cyclic}.")) (|order| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(b)} computes the order of an element \\spad{b} in the multiplicative group of the field. Error: if \\spad{b} equals 0.")) (|discreteLog| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{discreteLog(a)} computes the discrete logarithm of \\spad{a} with respect to \\spad{primitiveElement()} of the field.")) (|primitive?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{primitive?(b)} tests whether the element \\spad{b} is a generator of the (cyclic) multiplicative group of the field,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} is a primitive element. Implementation Note: see ch.IX.1.3,{} th.2 in \\spad{D}. Lipson.")) (|primitiveElement| (($) "\\spad{primitiveElement()} returns a primitive element stored in a global variable in the domain. At first call,{} the primitive element is computed by calling \\spadfun{createPrimitiveElement}.")) (|createPrimitiveElement| (($) "\\spad{createPrimitiveElement()} computes a generator of the (cyclic) multiplicative group of the field.")) (|tableForDiscreteLogarithm| (((|Table| (|PositiveInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{tableForDiscreteLogarithm(a,n)} returns a table of the discrete logarithms of \\spad{a**0} up to \\spad{a**(n-1)} which,{} called with key \\spad{lookup(a**i)} returns \\spad{i} for \\spad{i} in \\spad{0..n-1}. Error: if not called for prime divisors of order of \\indented{7}{multiplicative group.}")) (|factorsOfCyclicGroupSize| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |factor| (|Integer|)) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))))) "\\spad{factorsOfCyclicGroupSize()} returns the factorization of size()\\spad{-1}")) (|conditionP| (((|Union| (|Vector| $) "failed") (|Matrix| $)) "\\spad{conditionP(mat)},{} given a matrix representing a homogeneous system of equations,{} returns a vector whose characteristic'th powers is a non-trivial solution,{} or \"failed\" if no such vector exists.")) (|charthRoot| (($ $) "\\spad{charthRoot(a)} takes the characteristic'th root of {\\em a}. Note: such a root is alway defined in finite fields."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|FunctionFieldIntegralBasis| R UP F) ((|constructor| (NIL "In this package \\spad{R} is a Euclidean domain and \\spad{F} is a framed algebra over \\spad{R}. The package provides functions to compute the integral closure of \\spad{R} in the quotient field of \\spad{F}. It is assumed that \\spad{char(R/P) = char(R)} for any prime \\spad{P} of \\spad{R}. A typical instance of this is when \\spad{R = K[x]} and \\spad{F} is a function field over \\spad{R}.")) (|localIntegralBasis| (((|Record| (|:| |basis| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|:| |basisDen| |#1|) (|:| |basisInv| (|Matrix| |#1|))) |#1|) "\\spad{integralBasis(p)} returns a record \\spad{[basis,basisDen,basisInv]} containing information regarding the local integral closure of \\spad{R} at the prime \\spad{p} in the quotient field of \\spad{F},{} where \\spad{F} is a framed algebra with \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{w1,w2,...,wn}. If \\spad{basis} is the matrix \\spad{(aij, i = 1..n, j = 1..n)},{} then the \\spad{i}th element of the local integral basis is \\spad{vi = (1/basisDen) * sum(aij * wj, j = 1..n)},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the \\spad{i}th row of \\spad{basis} contains the coordinates of the \\spad{i}th basis vector. Similarly,{} the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix \\spad{basisInv} contains the coordinates of \\spad{wi} with respect to the basis \\spad{v1,...,vn}: if \\spad{basisInv} is the matrix \\spad{(bij, i = 1..n, j = 1..n)},{} then \\spad{wi = sum(bij * vj, j = 1..n)}.")) (|integralBasis| (((|Record| (|:| |basis| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|:| |basisDen| |#1|) (|:| |basisInv| (|Matrix| |#1|)))) "\\spad{integralBasis()} returns a record \\spad{[basis,basisDen,basisInv]} containing information regarding the integral closure of \\spad{R} in the quotient field of \\spad{F},{} where \\spad{F} is a framed algebra with \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{w1,w2,...,wn}. If \\spad{basis} is the matrix \\spad{(aij, i = 1..n, j = 1..n)},{} then the \\spad{i}th element of the integral basis is \\spad{vi = (1/basisDen) * sum(aij * wj, j = 1..n)},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the \\spad{i}th row of \\spad{basis} contains the coordinates of the \\spad{i}th basis vector. Similarly,{} the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix \\spad{basisInv} contains the coordinates of \\spad{wi} with respect to the basis \\spad{v1,...,vn}: if \\spad{basisInv} is the matrix \\spad{(bij, i = 1..n, j = 1..n)},{} then \\spad{wi = sum(bij * vj, j = 1..n)}.")) (|squareFree| (((|Factored| $) $) "\\spad{squareFree(x)} returns a square-free factorisation of \\spad{x}"))) @@ -1142,19 +1142,19 @@ NIL NIL (|FiniteFieldNormalBasis| |p| |extdeg|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldNormalBasis(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n}) implements a finite extension field of degree \\spad{n} over the prime field with \\spad{p} elements. The elements are represented by coordinate vectors with respect to a normal basis,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a basis consisting of the conjugates (\\spad{q}-powers) of an element,{} in this case called normal element. This is chosen as a root of the extension polynomial created by \\spadfunFrom{createNormalPoly}{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}.")) (|sizeMultiplication| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{sizeMultiplication()} returns the number of entries in the multiplication table of the field. Note: The time of multiplication of field elements depends on this size.")) (|getMultiplicationMatrix| (((|Matrix| (|PrimeField| |#1|))) "\\spad{getMultiplicationMatrix()} returns the multiplication table in form of a matrix.")) (|getMultiplicationTable| (((|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| (|PrimeField| |#1|)) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) "\\spad{getMultiplicationTable()} returns the multiplication table for the normal basis of the field. This table is used to perform multiplications between field elements."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|PrimeField| |#1|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3# #1#) (|FiniteFieldNormalBasisExtensionByPolynomial| GF |uni|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldNormalBasisExtensionByPolynomial(GF,{}uni) implements a finite extension of the ground field {\\em GF}. The elements are represented by coordinate vectors with respect to. a normal basis,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a basis consisting of the conjugates (\\spad{q}-powers) of an element,{} in this case called normal element,{} where \\spad{q} is the size of {\\em GF}. The normal element is chosen as a root of the extension polynomial,{} which MUST be normal over {\\em GF} (user responsibility)")) (|sizeMultiplication| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{sizeMultiplication()} returns the number of entries in the multiplication table of the field. Note: the time of multiplication of field elements depends on this size.")) (|getMultiplicationMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|)) "\\spad{getMultiplicationMatrix()} returns the multiplication table in form of a matrix.")) (|getMultiplicationTable| (((|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) "\\spad{getMultiplicationTable()} returns the multiplication table for the normal basis of the field. This table is used to perform multiplications between field elements."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FiniteFieldNormalBasisExtension| GF |extdeg|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldNormalBasisExtensionByPolynomial(GF,{}\\spad{n}) implements a finite extension field of degree \\spad{n} over the ground field {\\em GF}. The elements are represented by coordinate vectors with respect to a normal basis,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a basis consisting of the conjugates (\\spad{q}-powers) of an element,{} in this case called normal element. This is chosen as a root of the extension polynomial,{} created by {\\em createNormalPoly} from \\spadtype{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}")) (|sizeMultiplication| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{sizeMultiplication()} returns the number of entries in the multiplication table of the field. Note: the time of multiplication of field elements depends on this size.")) (|getMultiplicationMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|)) "\\spad{getMultiplicationMatrix()} returns the multiplication table in form of a matrix.")) (|getMultiplicationTable| (((|Vector| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |value| |#1|) (|:| |index| (|SingleInteger|)))))) "\\spad{getMultiplicationTable()} returns the multiplication table for the normal basis of the field. This table is used to perform multiplications between field elements."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FiniteFieldExtensionByPolynomial| GF |defpol|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldExtensionByPolynomial(GF,{} defpol) implements the extension of the finite field {\\em GF} generated by the extension polynomial {\\em defpol} which MUST be irreducible. Note: the user has the responsibility to ensure that {\\em defpol} is irreducible."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage| GF) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides a number of functions for generating,{} counting and testing irreducible,{} normal,{} primitive,{} random polynomials over finite fields.")) (|reducedQPowers| (((|PrimitiveArray| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{reducedQPowers(f)} generates \\spad{[x,x**q,x**(q**2),...,x**(q**(n-1))]} reduced modulo \\spad{f} where \\spad{q = size()\\$GF} and \\spad{n = degree f}.")) (|leastAffineMultiple| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{leastAffineMultiple(f)} computes the least affine polynomial which is divisible by the polynomial \\spad{f} over the finite field {\\em GF},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a polynomial whose exponents are 0 or a power of \\spad{q},{} the size of {\\em GF}.")) (|random| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{random(m,n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a random monic polynomial of degree \\spad{d} over the finite field {\\em GF},{} \\spad{d} between \\spad{m} and \\spad{n}.") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{random(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a random monic polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|nextPrimitiveNormalPoly| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{nextPrimitiveNormalPoly(f)} yields the next primitive normal polynomial over a finite field {\\em GF} of the same degree as \\spad{f} in the following order,{} or \"failed\" if there are no greater ones. Error: if \\spad{f} has degree 0. Note: the input polynomial \\spad{f} is made monic. Also,{} \\spad{f < g} if the {\\em lookup} of the constant term of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g} or,{} in case these numbers are equal,{} if the {\\em lookup} of the coefficient of the term of degree {\\em n-1} of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g}. If these numbers are equals,{} \\spad{f < g} if the number of monomials of \\spad{f} is less than that for \\spad{g},{} or if the lists of exponents for \\spad{f} are lexicographically less than those for \\spad{g}. If these lists are also equal,{} the lists of coefficients are coefficients according to the lexicographic ordering induced by the ordering of the elements of {\\em GF} given by {\\em lookup}. This operation is equivalent to nextNormalPrimitivePoly(\\spad{f}).")) (|nextNormalPrimitivePoly| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{nextNormalPrimitivePoly(f)} yields the next normal primitive polynomial over a finite field {\\em GF} of the same degree as \\spad{f} in the following order,{} or \"failed\" if there are no greater ones. Error: if \\spad{f} has degree 0. Note: the input polynomial \\spad{f} is made monic. Also,{} \\spad{f < g} if the {\\em lookup} of the constant term of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g} or if {\\em lookup} of the coefficient of the term of degree {\\em n-1} of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g}. Otherwise,{} \\spad{f < g} if the number of monomials of \\spad{f} is less than that for \\spad{g} or if the lists of exponents for \\spad{f} are lexicographically less than those for \\spad{g}. If these lists are also equal,{} the lists of coefficients are compared according to the lexicographic ordering induced by the ordering of the elements of {\\em GF} given by {\\em lookup}. This operation is equivalent to nextPrimitiveNormalPoly(\\spad{f}).")) (|nextNormalPoly| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{nextNormalPoly(f)} yields the next normal polynomial over a finite field {\\em GF} of the same degree as \\spad{f} in the following order,{} or \"failed\" if there are no greater ones. Error: if \\spad{f} has degree 0. Note: the input polynomial \\spad{f} is made monic. Also,{} \\spad{f < g} if the {\\em lookup} of the coefficient of the term of degree {\\em n-1} of \\spad{f} is less than that for \\spad{g}. In case these numbers are equal,{} \\spad{f < g} if if the number of monomials of \\spad{f} is less that for \\spad{g} or if the list of exponents of \\spad{f} are lexicographically less than the corresponding list for \\spad{g}. If these lists are also equal,{} the lists of coefficients are compared according to the lexicographic ordering induced by the ordering of the elements of {\\em GF} given by {\\em lookup}.")) (|nextPrimitivePoly| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{nextPrimitivePoly(f)} yields the next primitive polynomial over a finite field {\\em GF} of the same degree as \\spad{f} in the following order,{} or \"failed\" if there are no greater ones. Error: if \\spad{f} has degree 0. Note: the input polynomial \\spad{f} is made monic. Also,{} \\spad{f < g} if the {\\em lookup} of the constant term of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g}. If these values are equal,{} then \\spad{f < g} if if the number of monomials of \\spad{f} is less than that for \\spad{g} or if the lists of exponents of \\spad{f} are lexicographically less than the corresponding list for \\spad{g}. If these lists are also equal,{} the lists of coefficients are compared according to the lexicographic ordering induced by the ordering of the elements of {\\em GF} given by {\\em lookup}.")) (|nextIrreduciblePoly| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{nextIrreduciblePoly(f)} yields the next monic irreducible polynomial over a finite field {\\em GF} of the same degree as \\spad{f} in the following order,{} or \"failed\" if there are no greater ones. Error: if \\spad{f} has degree 0. Note: the input polynomial \\spad{f} is made monic. Also,{} \\spad{f < g} if the number of monomials of \\spad{f} is less than this number for \\spad{g}. If \\spad{f} and \\spad{g} have the same number of monomials,{} the lists of exponents are compared lexicographically. If these lists are also equal,{} the lists of coefficients are compared according to the lexicographic ordering induced by the ordering of the elements of {\\em GF} given by {\\em lookup}.")) (|createPrimitiveNormalPoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createPrimitiveNormalPoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a normal and primitive polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the field {\\em GF}. polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the field {\\em GF}.")) (|createNormalPrimitivePoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createNormalPrimitivePoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a normal and primitive polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the field {\\em GF}. Note: this function is equivalent to createPrimitiveNormalPoly(\\spad{n})")) (|createNormalPoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createNormalPoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a normal polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|createPrimitivePoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createPrimitivePoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a primitive polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|createIrreduciblePoly| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{createIrreduciblePoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) generates a monic irreducible univariate polynomial of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|numberOfNormalPoly| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{numberOfNormalPoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) yields the number of normal polynomials of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|numberOfPrimitivePoly| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{numberOfPrimitivePoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) yields the number of primitive polynomials of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|numberOfIrreduciblePoly| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{numberOfIrreduciblePoly(n)}\\$FFPOLY(GF) yields the number of monic irreducible univariate polynomials of degree \\spad{n} over the finite field {\\em GF}.")) (|normal?| (((|Boolean|) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{normal?(f)} tests whether the polynomial \\spad{f} over a finite field is normal,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} its roots are linearly independent over the field.")) (|primitive?| (((|Boolean|) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{primitive?(f)} tests whether the polynomial \\spad{f} over a finite field is primitive,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} all its roots are primitive."))) @@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FiniteFieldExtension| GF |n|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FiniteFieldExtensionByPolynomial(GF,{} \\spad{n}) implements an extension of the finite field {\\em GF} of degree \\spad{n} generated by the extension polynomial constructed by \\spadfunFrom{createIrreduciblePoly}{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage} from \\spadtype{FiniteFieldPolynomialPackage}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2# #1#) (|FGLMIfCanPackage| R |ls|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is just an interface between several packages and domains. The goal is to compute lexicographical Groebner bases of sets of polynomial with type \\spadtype{Polynomial R} by the {\\em FGLM} algorithm if this is possible (\\spadignore{i.e.} if the input system generates a zero-dimensional ideal).")) (|groebner| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\axiom{groebner(\\spad{lq1})} returns the lexicographical Groebner basis of \\axiom{\\spad{lq1}}. If \\axiom{\\spad{lq1}} generates a zero-dimensional ideal then the {\\em FGLM} strategy is used,{} otherwise the {\\em Sugar} strategy is used.")) (|fglmIfCan| (((|Union| (|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "failed") (|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\axiom{fglmIfCan(\\spad{lq1})} returns the lexicographical Groebner basis of \\axiom{\\spad{lq1}} by using the {\\em FGLM} strategy,{} if \\axiom{zeroDimensional?(\\spad{lq1})} holds.")) (|zeroDimensional?| (((|Boolean|) (|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\axiom{zeroDimensional?(\\spad{lq1})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{lq1}} generates a zero-dimensional ideal \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the variables of \\axiom{ls}."))) @@ -1178,15 +1178,15 @@ NIL NIL (|FreeGroup| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "The free group on a set \\spad{S} is the group of finite products of the form \\spad{reduce(*,[si ** ni])} where the \\spad{si}'s are in \\spad{S},{} and the \\spad{ni}'s are integers. The multiplication is not commutative.")) (|factors| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |gen| |#1|) (|:| |exp| (|Integer|)))) $) "\\spad{factors(a1\\^e1,...,an\\^en)} returns \\spad{[[a1, e1],...,[an, en]]}.")) (|mapGen| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) $) "\\spad{mapGen(f, a1\\^e1 ... an\\^en)} returns \\spad{f(a1)\\^e1 ... f(an)\\^en}.")) (|mapExpon| (($ (|Mapping| (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{mapExpon(f, a1\\^e1 ... an\\^en)} returns \\spad{a1\\^f(e1) ... an\\^f(en)}.")) (|nthFactor| ((|#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFactor(x, n)} returns the factor of the n^th monomial of \\spad{x}.")) (|nthExpon| (((|Integer|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthExpon(x, n)} returns the exponent of the n^th monomial of \\spad{x}.")) (|size| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{size(x)} returns the number of monomials in \\spad{x}.")) (** (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{s ** n} returns the product of \\spad{s} by itself \\spad{n} times.")) (* (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{x * s} returns the product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{s} on the right.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{s * x} returns the product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{s} on the left."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|Field&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative fields,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings where all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses. The \\spadfun{factor} operation while trivial is useful to have defined. \\blankline")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "since \\spad{0*0=0},{} \\spad{1*1=1}")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "either 0 or 1.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} divides the element \\spad{x} by the element \\spad{y}. Error: if \\spad{y} is 0."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative fields,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings where all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses. The \\spadfun{factor} operation while trivial is useful to have defined. \\blankline")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "either 0 or 1.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} divides the element \\spad{x} by the element \\spad{y}. Error: if \\spad{y} is 0."))) NIL NIL (|Field|) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative fields,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings where all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses. The \\spadfun{factor} operation while trivial is useful to have defined. \\blankline")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "since \\spad{0*0=0},{} \\spad{1*1=1}")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "either 0 or 1.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} divides the element \\spad{x} by the element \\spad{y}. Error: if \\spad{y} is 0."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative fields,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings where all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses. The \\spadfun{factor} operation while trivial is useful to have defined. \\blankline")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "either 0 or 1.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} divides the element \\spad{x} by the element \\spad{y}. Error: if \\spad{y} is 0."))) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|File| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides a basic model of files to save arbitrary values. The operations provide sequential access to the contents.")) (|readIfCan!| (((|Union| |#1| "failed") $) "\\spad{readIfCan!(f)} returns a value from the file \\spad{f},{} if possible. If \\spad{f} is not open for reading,{} or if \\spad{f} is at the end of file then \\spad{\"failed\"} is the result."))) @@ -1197,12 +1197,12 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra&| S R) -((|constructor| (NIL "A FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra is a non associative algebra over a commutative ring \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "unitsKnown means that \\spadfun{recip} truly yields reciprocal or \\spad{\"failed\"} if not a unit,{} similarly for \\spadfun{leftRecip} and \\spadfun{rightRecip}. The reason is that we use left,{} respectively right,{} minimal polynomials to decide this question.")) (|unit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{unit()} returns a unit of the algebra (necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnit()} returns a right unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnit()} returns a left unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnits()} returns the affine space of all right units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnits()} returns the affine space of all left units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{rightMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of right powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|leftMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{leftMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of left powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|associatorDependence| (((|List| (|Vector| |#2|))) "\\spad{associatorDependence()} looks for the associator identities,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} finds a basis of the solutions of the linear combinations of the six permutations of \\spad{associator(a,b,c)} which yield 0,{} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. The order of the permutations is \\spad{123 231 312 132 321 213}.")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|lieAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is anticommutative and \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jacobi identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Lie algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := a@b-b@a}.")) (|jordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is commutative,{} characteristic is not 2,{} and \\spad{(a*b)*a**2 - a*(b*a**2) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jordan identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Jordan algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := (a@b+b@a)/2}.")) (|noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is flexible and Jordan admissible.")) (|jordanAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAdmissible?()} tests if 2 is invertible in the coefficient domain and the multiplication defined by \\spad{(1/2)(a*b+b*a)} determines a Jordan algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jordan identity. The property of \\spadatt{commutative(\"*\")} follows from by definition.")) (|lieAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAdmissible?()} tests if the algebra defined by the commutators is a Lie algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jacobi identity. The property of anticommutativity follows from definition.")) (|jacobiIdentity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jacobiIdentity?()} tests if \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. For example,{} this holds for crossed products of 3-dimensional vectors.")) (|powerAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{powerAssociative?()} tests if all subalgebras generated by a single element are associative.")) (|alternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{alternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0 = 2*associator(a,b,b)} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|flexible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{flexible?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,a) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|rightAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{rightAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|leftAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{leftAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|antiAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiAssociative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is anti-associative,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{(a*b)*c + a*(b*c) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra.")) (|associative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{associative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is associative.")) (|antiCommutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiCommutative?()} tests if \\spad{a*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} in the algebra. Note: this implies \\spad{a*b + b*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} and \\spad{b}.")) (|commutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{commutative?()} tests if multiplication in the algebra is commutative.")) (|rightCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{rightCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the right regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|leftCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{leftCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the left regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|rightTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|leftTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|rightDiscriminant| ((|#2| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|leftDiscriminant| ((|#2| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{represents([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vm])} returns the linear combination \\spad{a1*vm + ... + an*vm}.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vn])} returns a matrix whose \\spad{i}-th row is formed by the coordinates of \\spad{ai} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.") (((|Vector| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rightNorm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{rightNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftNorm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leftNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightTrace| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{rightTrace(a)} returns the trace of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftTrace| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leftTrace(a)} returns the trace of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by right multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|leftRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|structuralConstants| (((|Vector| (|Matrix| |#2|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{structuralConstants([v1,v2,...,vm])} calculates the structural constants \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..m]} defined by \\spad{vi * vj = gammaij1 * v1 + ... + gammaijm * vm},{} where \\spad{[v1,...,vm]} is an \\spad{R}-module basis of a subalgebra.")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#2|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents([v1,...,vn])} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rank| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rank()} returns the rank of the algebra as \\spad{R}-module.")) (|someBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{someBasis()} returns some \\spad{R}-module basis."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "A FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra is a non associative algebra over a commutative ring \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank.")) (|unit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{unit()} returns a unit of the algebra (necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnit()} returns a right unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnit()} returns a left unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnits()} returns the affine space of all right units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnits()} returns the affine space of all left units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{rightMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of right powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|leftMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{leftMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of left powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|associatorDependence| (((|List| (|Vector| |#2|))) "\\spad{associatorDependence()} looks for the associator identities,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} finds a basis of the solutions of the linear combinations of the six permutations of \\spad{associator(a,b,c)} which yield 0,{} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. The order of the permutations is \\spad{123 231 312 132 321 213}.")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|lieAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is anticommutative and \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jacobi identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Lie algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := a@b-b@a}.")) (|jordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is commutative,{} characteristic is not 2,{} and \\spad{(a*b)*a**2 - a*(b*a**2) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jordan identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Jordan algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := (a@b+b@a)/2}.")) (|noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is flexible and Jordan admissible.")) (|jordanAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAdmissible?()} tests if 2 is invertible in the coefficient domain and the multiplication defined by \\spad{(1/2)(a*b+b*a)} determines a Jordan algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jordan identity. The property of \\spadatt{commutative(\"*\")} follows from by definition.")) (|lieAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAdmissible?()} tests if the algebra defined by the commutators is a Lie algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jacobi identity. The property of anticommutativity follows from definition.")) (|jacobiIdentity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jacobiIdentity?()} tests if \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. For example,{} this holds for crossed products of 3-dimensional vectors.")) (|powerAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{powerAssociative?()} tests if all subalgebras generated by a single element are associative.")) (|alternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{alternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0 = 2*associator(a,b,b)} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|flexible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{flexible?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,a) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|rightAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{rightAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|leftAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{leftAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|antiAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiAssociative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is anti-associative,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{(a*b)*c + a*(b*c) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra.")) (|associative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{associative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is associative.")) (|antiCommutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiCommutative?()} tests if \\spad{a*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} in the algebra. Note: this implies \\spad{a*b + b*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} and \\spad{b}.")) (|commutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{commutative?()} tests if multiplication in the algebra is commutative.")) (|rightCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{rightCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the right regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|leftCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) $) "\\spad{leftCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the left regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|rightTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|leftTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|rightDiscriminant| ((|#2| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|leftDiscriminant| ((|#2| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#2|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{represents([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vm])} returns the linear combination \\spad{a1*vm + ... + an*vm}.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#2|) (|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vn])} returns a matrix whose \\spad{i}-th row is formed by the coordinates of \\spad{ai} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.") (((|Vector| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rightNorm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{rightNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftNorm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leftNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightTrace| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{rightTrace(a)} returns the trace of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftTrace| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leftTrace(a)} returns the trace of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by right multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|leftRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#2|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|structuralConstants| (((|Vector| (|Matrix| |#2|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{structuralConstants([v1,v2,...,vm])} calculates the structural constants \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..m]} defined by \\spad{vi * vj = gammaij1 * v1 + ... + gammaijm * vm},{} where \\spad{[v1,...,vm]} is an \\spad{R}-module basis of a subalgebra.")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#2|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents([v1,...,vn])} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rank| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rank()} returns the rank of the algebra as \\spad{R}-module.")) (|someBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{someBasis()} returns some \\spad{R}-module basis."))) NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) (|FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "A FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra is a non associative algebra over a commutative ring \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "unitsKnown means that \\spadfun{recip} truly yields reciprocal or \\spad{\"failed\"} if not a unit,{} similarly for \\spadfun{leftRecip} and \\spadfun{rightRecip}. The reason is that we use left,{} respectively right,{} minimal polynomials to decide this question.")) (|unit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{unit()} returns a unit of the algebra (necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnit()} returns a right unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnit()} returns a left unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnits()} returns the affine space of all right units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnits()} returns the affine space of all left units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{rightMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of right powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|leftMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leftMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of left powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|associatorDependence| (((|List| (|Vector| |#1|))) "\\spad{associatorDependence()} looks for the associator identities,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} finds a basis of the solutions of the linear combinations of the six permutations of \\spad{associator(a,b,c)} which yield 0,{} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. The order of the permutations is \\spad{123 231 312 132 321 213}.")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|lieAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is anticommutative and \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jacobi identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Lie algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := a@b-b@a}.")) (|jordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is commutative,{} characteristic is not 2,{} and \\spad{(a*b)*a**2 - a*(b*a**2) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jordan identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Jordan algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := (a@b+b@a)/2}.")) (|noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is flexible and Jordan admissible.")) (|jordanAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAdmissible?()} tests if 2 is invertible in the coefficient domain and the multiplication defined by \\spad{(1/2)(a*b+b*a)} determines a Jordan algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jordan identity. The property of \\spadatt{commutative(\"*\")} follows from by definition.")) (|lieAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAdmissible?()} tests if the algebra defined by the commutators is a Lie algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jacobi identity. The property of anticommutativity follows from definition.")) (|jacobiIdentity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jacobiIdentity?()} tests if \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. For example,{} this holds for crossed products of 3-dimensional vectors.")) (|powerAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{powerAssociative?()} tests if all subalgebras generated by a single element are associative.")) (|alternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{alternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0 = 2*associator(a,b,b)} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|flexible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{flexible?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,a) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|rightAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{rightAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|leftAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{leftAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|antiAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiAssociative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is anti-associative,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{(a*b)*c + a*(b*c) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra.")) (|associative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{associative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is associative.")) (|antiCommutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiCommutative?()} tests if \\spad{a*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} in the algebra. Note: this implies \\spad{a*b + b*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} and \\spad{b}.")) (|commutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{commutative?()} tests if multiplication in the algebra is commutative.")) (|rightCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{rightCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the right regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|leftCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leftCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the left regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|rightTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|leftTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|rightDiscriminant| ((|#1| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|leftDiscriminant| ((|#1| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{represents([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vm])} returns the linear combination \\spad{a1*vm + ... + an*vm}.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vn])} returns a matrix whose \\spad{i}-th row is formed by the coordinates of \\spad{ai} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rightNorm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{rightNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftNorm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leftNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightTrace| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{rightTrace(a)} returns the trace of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftTrace| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leftTrace(a)} returns the trace of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by right multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|leftRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|structuralConstants| (((|Vector| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{structuralConstants([v1,v2,...,vm])} calculates the structural constants \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..m]} defined by \\spad{vi * vj = gammaij1 * v1 + ... + gammaijm * vm},{} where \\spad{[v1,...,vm]} is an \\spad{R}-module basis of a subalgebra.")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents([v1,...,vn])} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rank| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rank()} returns the rank of the algebra as \\spad{R}-module.")) (|someBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{someBasis()} returns some \\spad{R}-module basis."))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "A FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra is a non associative algebra over a commutative ring \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank.")) (|unit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{unit()} returns a unit of the algebra (necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnit()} returns a right unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnit| (((|Union| $ "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnit()} returns a left unit of the algebra (not necessarily unique),{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnits()} returns the affine space of all right units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|leftUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnits()} returns the affine space of all left units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none.")) (|rightMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{rightMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of right powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|leftMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leftMinimalPolynomial(a)} returns the polynomial determined by the smallest non-trivial linear combination of left powers of \\spad{a}. Note: the polynomial never has a constant term as in general the algebra has no unit.")) (|associatorDependence| (((|List| (|Vector| |#1|))) "\\spad{associatorDependence()} looks for the associator identities,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} finds a basis of the solutions of the linear combinations of the six permutations of \\spad{associator(a,b,c)} which yield 0,{} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. The order of the permutations is \\spad{123 231 312 132 321 213}.")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is no unit element,{} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|lieAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is anticommutative and \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jacobi identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Lie algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := a@b-b@a}.")) (|jordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is commutative,{} characteristic is not 2,{} and \\spad{(a*b)*a**2 - a*(b*a**2) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra (Jordan identity). Example: for every associative algebra \\spad{(A,+,@)} we can construct a Jordan algebra \\spad{(A,+,*)},{} where \\spad{a*b := (a@b+b@a)/2}.")) (|noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{noncommutativeJordanAlgebra?()} tests if the algebra is flexible and Jordan admissible.")) (|jordanAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jordanAdmissible?()} tests if 2 is invertible in the coefficient domain and the multiplication defined by \\spad{(1/2)(a*b+b*a)} determines a Jordan algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jordan identity. The property of \\spadatt{commutative(\"*\")} follows from by definition.")) (|lieAdmissible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{lieAdmissible?()} tests if the algebra defined by the commutators is a Lie algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} satisfies the Jacobi identity. The property of anticommutativity follows from definition.")) (|jacobiIdentity?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{jacobiIdentity?()} tests if \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra. For example,{} this holds for crossed products of 3-dimensional vectors.")) (|powerAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{powerAssociative?()} tests if all subalgebras generated by a single element are associative.")) (|alternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{alternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0 = 2*associator(a,b,b)} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|flexible?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{flexible?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,a) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|rightAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{rightAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,b,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|leftAlternative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{leftAlternative?()} tests if \\spad{2*associator(a,a,b) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in the algebra. Note: we only can test this; in general we don't know whether \\spad{2*a=0} implies \\spad{a=0}.")) (|antiAssociative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiAssociative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is anti-associative,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{(a*b)*c + a*(b*c) = 0} for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in the algebra.")) (|associative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{associative?()} tests if multiplication in algebra is associative.")) (|antiCommutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{antiCommutative?()} tests if \\spad{a*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} in the algebra. Note: this implies \\spad{a*b + b*a = 0} for all \\spad{a} and \\spad{b}.")) (|commutative?| (((|Boolean|)) "\\spad{commutative?()} tests if multiplication in the algebra is commutative.")) (|rightCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{rightCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the right regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|leftCharacteristicPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leftCharacteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the left regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|rightTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|leftTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}.")) (|rightDiscriminant| ((|#1| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(rightTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|leftDiscriminant| ((|#1| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftDiscriminant([v1,...,vn])} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj}. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(leftTraceMatrix([v1,...,vn]))}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{represents([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vm])} returns the linear combination \\spad{a1*vm + ... + an*vm}.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([a1,...,am],[v1,...,vn])} returns a matrix whose \\spad{i}-th row is formed by the coordinates of \\spad{ai} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rightNorm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{rightNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftNorm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leftNorm(a)} returns the determinant of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightTrace| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{rightTrace(a)} returns the trace of the right regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|leftTrace| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leftTrace(a)} returns the trace of the left regular representation of \\spad{a}.")) (|rightRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{rightRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by right multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|leftRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftRegularRepresentation(a,[v1,...,vn])} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{[v1,...,vn]}.")) (|structuralConstants| (((|Vector| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{structuralConstants([v1,v2,...,vm])} calculates the structural constants \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..m]} defined by \\spad{vi * vj = gammaij1 * v1 + ... + gammaijm * vm},{} where \\spad{[v1,...,vm]} is an \\spad{R}-module basis of a subalgebra.")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents([v1,...,vn])} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}.")) (|rank| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rank()} returns the rank of the algebra as \\spad{R}-module.")) (|someBasis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{someBasis()} returns some \\spad{R}-module basis."))) +NIL NIL (|FiniteAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A finite aggregate is a homogeneous aggregate with a finite number of elements.")) (|member?| (((|Boolean|) |#2| $) "\\spad{member?(x,u)} tests if \\spad{x} is a member of \\spad{u}. For collections,{} \\axiom{member?(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{u}) = reduce(or,{}[x=y for \\spad{y} in \\spad{u}],{}\\spad{false})}.")) (|find| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2|) $) "\\spad{find(p,u)} returns the first \\spad{x} in \\spad{u} such that \\spad{p(x)} is \\spad{true},{} and \\spad{\"failed\"} otherwise.")) (|reduce| ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| |#2| |#2|) $ |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(f,u,x,z)} reduces the binary operation \\spad{f} across \\spad{u},{} stopping when an \"absorbing element\" \\spad{z} is encountered. As for \\spad{reduce(f,u,x)},{} \\spad{x} is the identity operation of \\spad{f}. Same as \\spad{reduce(f,u,x)} when \\spad{u} contains no element \\spad{z}. Thus the third argument \\spad{x} is returned when \\spad{u} is empty.") ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| |#2| |#2|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(f,u,x)} reduces the binary operation \\spad{f} across \\spad{u},{} where \\spad{x} is the starting value,{} usually the identity operation of \\spad{f}. Same as \\spad{reduce(f,u)} if \\spad{u} has 2 or more elements. Returns \\spad{f(x,y)} if \\spad{u} has one element \\spad{y},{} \\spad{x} if \\spad{u} is empty. For example,{} \\spad{reduce(+,u,0)} returns the sum of the elements of \\spad{u}.") ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{reduce(f,u)} reduces the binary operation \\spad{f} across \\spad{u}. For example,{} if \\spad{u} is \\spad{[x,y,...,z]} then \\spad{reduce(f,u)} returns \\spad{f(..f(f(x,y),...),z)}. Note: if \\spad{u} has one element \\spad{x},{} \\spad{reduce(f,u)} returns \\spad{x}. Error: if \\spad{u} is empty.")) (|members| (((|List| |#2|) $) "\\spad{members(u)} returns a list of the consecutive elements of \\spad{u}. For collections,{} \\axiom{members([\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y},{}...,{}\\spad{z}]) = (\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y},{}...,{}\\spad{z})}.")) (|count| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) |#2| $) "\\spad{count(x,u)} returns the number of occurrences of \\spad{x} in \\spad{u}. For collections,{} \\axiom{count(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{u}) = reduce(+,{}[x=y for \\spad{y} in \\spad{u}],{}0)}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2|) $) "\\spad{count(p,u)} returns the number of elements \\spad{x} \\indented{1}{in \\spad{u} such that \\axiom{\\spad{p}(\\spad{x})} holds. For collections,{}} \\axiom{count(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{u}) = reduce(+,{}[1 for \\spad{x} in \\spad{u} | \\spad{p}(\\spad{x})],{}0)}.")) (|every?| (((|Boolean|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2|) $) "\\spad{every?(f,u)} tests if \\spad{p}(\\spad{x}) holds for all elements \\spad{x} of \\spad{u}. Note: for collections,{} \\axiom{every?(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{u}) = reduce(and,{}map(\\spad{f},{}\\spad{u}),{}\\spad{true},{}\\spad{false})}.")) (|any?| (((|Boolean|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2|) $) "\\spad{any?(p,u)} tests if \\spad{p(x)} is \\spad{true} for any element \\spad{x} of \\spad{u}. Note: for collections,{} \\axiom{any?(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{u}) = reduce(or,{}map(\\spad{f},{}\\spad{u}),{}\\spad{false},{}\\spad{true})}.")) (|#| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{\\#u} returns the number of items in \\spad{u}."))) @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|FiniteRankAlgebra| R UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "A FiniteRankAlgebra is an algebra over a commutative ring \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank.")) (|minimalPolynomial| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{minimalPolynomial(a)} returns the minimal polynomial of \\spad{a}.")) (|characteristicPolynomial| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{characteristicPolynomial(a)} returns the characteristic polynomial of the regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|traceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{traceMatrix([v1,..,vn])} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix ( Tr(\\spad{vi} * vj) )")) (|discriminant| ((|#1| (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{discriminant([v1,..,vn])} returns \\spad{determinant(traceMatrix([v1,..,vn]))}.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{represents([a1,..,an],[v1,..,vn])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn}.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([v1,...,vm], basis)} returns the coordinates of the \\spad{vi}'s with to the basis \\spad{basis}. The coordinates of \\spad{vi} are contained in the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix returned by this function.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates(a,basis)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{basis} \\spad{basis}.")) (|norm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{norm(a)} returns the determinant of the regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|trace| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{trace(a)} returns the trace of the regular representation of \\spad{a} with respect to any basis.")) (|regularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{regularRepresentation(a,basis)} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the \\spad{basis} \\spad{basis}.")) (|rank| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rank()} returns the rank of the algebra."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FiniteLinearAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A finite linear aggregate is a linear aggregate of finite length. The finite property of the aggregate adds several exports to the list of exports from \\spadtype{LinearAggregate} such as \\spadfun{reverse},{} \\spadfun{sort},{} and so on.")) (|sort!| (($ $) "\\spad{sort!(u)} returns \\spad{u} with its elements in ascending order.") (($ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{sort!(p,u)} returns \\spad{u} with its elements ordered by \\spad{p}.")) (|reverse!| (($ $) "\\spad{reverse!(u)} returns \\spad{u} with its elements in reverse order.")) (|copyInto!| (($ $ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{copyInto!(u,v,i)} returns aggregate \\spad{u} containing a copy of \\spad{v} inserted at element \\spad{i}.")) (|position| (((|Integer|) |#2| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{position(x,a,n)} returns the index \\spad{i} of the first occurrence of \\spad{x} in \\axiom{a} where \\axiom{\\spad{i} >= \\spad{n}},{} and \\axiom{minIndex(a) - 1} if no such \\spad{x} is found.") (((|Integer|) |#2| $) "\\spad{position(x,a)} returns the index \\spad{i} of the first occurrence of \\spad{x} in a,{} and \\axiom{minIndex(a) - 1} if there is no such \\spad{x}.") (((|Integer|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2|) $) "\\spad{position(p,a)} returns the index \\spad{i} of the first \\spad{x} in \\axiom{a} such that \\axiom{\\spad{p}(\\spad{x})} is \\spad{true},{} and \\axiom{minIndex(a) - 1} if there is no such \\spad{x}.")) (|sorted?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{sorted?(u)} tests if the elements of \\spad{u} are in ascending order.") (((|Boolean|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{sorted?(p,a)} tests if \\axiom{a} is sorted according to predicate \\spad{p}.")) (|sort| (($ $) "\\spad{sort(u)} returns an \\spad{u} with elements in ascending order. Note: \\axiom{sort(\\spad{u}) = sort(<=,{}\\spad{u})}.") (($ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2| |#2|) $) "\\spad{sort(p,a)} returns a copy of \\axiom{a} sorted using total ordering predicate \\spad{p}.")) (|reverse| (($ $) "\\spad{reverse(a)} returns a copy of \\axiom{a} with elements in reverse order.")) (|merge| (($ $ $) "\\spad{merge(u,v)} merges \\spad{u} and \\spad{v} in ascending order. Note: \\axiom{merge(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v}) = merge(<=,{}\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})}.") (($ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#2| |#2|) $ $) "\\spad{merge(p,a,b)} returns an aggregate \\spad{c} which merges \\axiom{a} and \\spad{b}. The result is produced by examining each element \\spad{x} of \\axiom{a} and \\spad{y} of \\spad{b} successively. If \\axiom{\\spad{p}(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} is \\spad{true},{} then \\spad{x} is inserted into the result; otherwise \\spad{y} is inserted. If \\spad{x} is chosen,{} the next element of \\axiom{a} is examined,{} and so on. When all the elements of one aggregate are examined,{} the remaining elements of the other are appended. For example,{} \\axiom{merge(<,{}[1,{}3],{}[2,{}7,{}5])} returns \\axiom{[1,{}2,{}3,{}7,{}5]}."))) @@ -1241,8 +1241,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|FreeLieAlgebra| |VarSet| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of free Lie algebras. It is used by domains of non-commutative algebra: \\spadtype{LiePolynomial} and \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial}. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr)")) (|eval| (($ $ (|List| |#1|) (|List| $)) "\\axiom{eval(\\spad{p},{} [\\spad{x1},{}...,{}xn],{} [\\spad{v1},{}...,{}vn])} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{xi}} by \\axiom{\\spad{vi}} in \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.") (($ $ |#1| $) "\\axiom{eval(\\spad{p},{} \\spad{x},{} \\spad{v})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{v}} in \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|trunc| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{trunc(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{p}} truncated at order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{Sum(r_i mirror(w_i))} if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is \\axiom{Sum(r_i w_i)}.")) (|LiePoly| (($ (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) "\\axiom{LiePoly(\\spad{l})} returns the bracketed form of \\axiom{\\spad{l}} as a Lie polynomial.")) (|rquo| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{rquo(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the right simplification of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}}.")) (|lquo| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{lquo(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the left simplification of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{degree(\\spad{x})} returns the greatest length of a word in the support of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|coerce| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{x}} as a recursive polynomial.") (((|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{x}} as distributed polynomial.") (($ |#1|) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{x}} as a Lie polynomial.")) (|coef| ((|#2| (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coef(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the scalar product of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}},{} the set of words being regarded as an orthogonal basis."))) -((|JacobiIdentity| . T) (|NullSquare| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of free Lie algebras. It is used by domains of non-commutative algebra: \\spadtype{LiePolynomial} and \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial}. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr)")) (|eval| (($ $ (|List| |#1|) (|List| $)) "\\axiom{eval(\\spad{p},{} [\\spad{x1},{}...,{}xn],{} [\\spad{v1},{}...,{}vn])} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{xi}} by \\axiom{\\spad{vi}} in \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.") (($ $ |#1| $) "\\axiom{eval(\\spad{p},{} \\spad{x},{} \\spad{v})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{v}} in \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|trunc| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{trunc(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{p}} truncated at order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{Sum(r_i mirror(w_i))} if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is \\axiom{Sum(r_i w_i)}.")) (|LiePoly| (($ (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) "\\axiom{LiePoly(\\spad{l})} returns the bracketed form of \\axiom{\\spad{l}} as a Lie polynomial.")) (|rquo| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{rquo(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the right simplification of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}}.")) (|lquo| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{lquo(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the left simplification of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{degree(\\spad{x})} returns the greatest length of a word in the support of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|coerce| (($ |#1|) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{x}} as a Lie polynomial.")) (|coef| ((|#2| (|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coef(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the scalar product of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{y}},{} the set of words being regarded as an orthogonal basis."))) +NIL NIL (|FiniteLinearAggregateSort| S V) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package exports 3 sorting algorithms which work over FiniteLinearAggregates.")) (|shellSort| ((|#2| (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#1| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{shellSort(f, agg)} sorts the aggregate agg with the ordering function \\spad{f} using the shellSort algorithm.")) (|heapSort| ((|#2| (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#1| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{heapSort(f, agg)} sorts the aggregate agg with the ordering function \\spad{f} using the heapsort algorithm.")) (|quickSort| ((|#2| (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#1| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{quickSort(f, agg)} sorts the aggregate agg with the ordering function \\spad{f} using the quicksort algorithm."))) @@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Float|) ((|outputSpacing| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{outputSpacing(n)} inserts a space after \\spad{n} (default 10) digits on output; outputSpacing(0) means no spaces are inserted.")) (|outputGeneral| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{outputGeneral(n)} sets the output mode to general notation with \\spad{n} significant digits displayed.") (((|Void|)) "\\spad{outputGeneral()} sets the output mode (default mode) to general notation; numbers will be displayed in either fixed or floating (scientific) notation depending on the magnitude.")) (|outputFixed| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{outputFixed(n)} sets the output mode to fixed point notation,{} with \\spad{n} digits displayed after the decimal point.") (((|Void|)) "\\spad{outputFixed()} sets the output mode to fixed point notation; the output will contain a decimal point.")) (|outputFloating| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{outputFloating(n)} sets the output mode to floating (scientific) notation with \\spad{n} significant digits displayed after the decimal point.") (((|Void|)) "\\spad{outputFloating()} sets the output mode to floating (scientific) notation,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{mantissa * 10 exponent} is displayed as \\spad{0.mantissa E exponent}.")) (|atan| (($ $ $) "\\spad{atan(x,y)} computes the arc tangent from \\spad{x} with phase \\spad{y}.")) (|exp1| (($) "\\spad{exp1()} returns exp 1: \\spad{2.7182818284...}.")) (|log10| (($ $) "\\spad{log10(x)} computes the logarithm for \\spad{x} to base 10.") (($) "\\spad{log10()} returns \\spad{ln 10}: \\spad{2.3025809299...}.")) (|log2| (($ $) "\\spad{log2(x)} computes the logarithm for \\spad{x} to base 2.") (($) "\\spad{log2()} returns \\spad{ln 2},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{0.6931471805...}.")) (|rationalApproximation| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rationalApproximation(f, n, b)} computes a rational approximation \\spad{r} to \\spad{f} with relative error \\spad{< b**(-n)},{} that is \\spad{|(r-f)/f| < b**(-n)}.") (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rationalApproximation(f, n)} computes a rational approximation \\spad{r} to \\spad{f} with relative error \\spad{< 10**(-n)}.")) (|shift| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{shift(x,n)} adds \\spad{n} to the exponent of float \\spad{x}.")) (|relerror| (((|Integer|) $ $) "\\spad{relerror(x,y)} computes the absolute value of \\spad{x - y} divided by \\spad{y},{} when \\spad{y \\~= 0}.")) (|normalize| (($ $) "\\spad{normalize(x)} normalizes \\spad{x} at current precision.")) (** (($ $ $) "\\spad{x ** y} computes \\spad{exp(y log x)} where \\spad{x >= 0}.")) (/ (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x / i} computes the division from \\spad{x} by an integer \\spad{i}."))) -((|arbitraryExponent| . T) (|arbitraryPrecision| . T) (|approximate| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|arbitraryExponent| . T) (|arbitraryPrecision| . T) (|approximate| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|FloatingComplexPackage| |Par|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{3}{This is a package for the approximation of complex solutions for} systems of equations of rational functions with complex rational coefficients. The results are expressed as either complex rational numbers or complex floats depending on the type of the precision parameter which can be either a rational number or a floating point number.")) (|complexRoots| (((|List| (|List| (|Complex| |#1|))) (|List| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|))))) (|List| (|Symbol|)) |#1|) "\\spad{complexRoots(lrf, lv, eps)} finds all the complex solutions of a list of rational functions with rational number coefficients with respect the the variables appearing in \\spad{lv}. Each solution is computed to precision eps and returned as list corresponding to the order of variables in \\spad{lv}.") (((|List| (|Complex| |#1|)) (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|)))) |#1|) "\\spad{complexRoots(rf, eps)} finds all the complex solutions of a univariate rational function with rational number coefficients. The solutions are computed to precision eps.")) (|complexSolve| (((|List| (|Equation| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| |#1|)))) (|Equation| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|))))) |#1|) "\\spad{complexSolve(eq,eps)} finds all the complex solutions of the equation \\spad{eq} of rational functions with rational rational coefficients with respect to all the variables appearing in \\spad{eq},{} with precision \\spad{eps}.") (((|List| (|Equation| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| |#1|)))) (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|)))) |#1|) "\\spad{complexSolve(p,eps)} find all the complex solutions of the rational function \\spad{p} with complex rational coefficients with respect to all the variables appearing in \\spad{p},{} with precision \\spad{eps}.") (((|List| (|List| (|Equation| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| |#1|))))) (|List| (|Equation| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|)))))) |#1|) "\\spad{complexSolve(leq,eps)} finds all the complex solutions to precision \\spad{eps} of the system \\spad{leq} of equations of rational functions over complex rationals with respect to all the variables appearing in lp.") (((|List| (|List| (|Equation| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| |#1|))))) (|List| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Complex| (|Integer|))))) |#1|) "\\spad{complexSolve(lp,eps)} finds all the complex solutions to precision \\spad{eps} of the system \\spad{lp} of rational functions over the complex rationals with respect to all the variables appearing in \\spad{lp}."))) @@ -1270,15 +1270,19 @@ NIL NIL (|FreeModule| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A \\spad{bi}-module is a free module over a ring with generators indexed by an ordered set. Each element can be expressed as a finite linear combination of generators. Only non-zero terms are stored."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #1=(QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #1#))) (|FreeModule1| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements linear combinations of elements from the domain \\spad{S} with coefficients in the domain \\spad{R} where \\spad{S} is an ordered set and \\spad{R} is a ring (which may be non-commutative). This domain is used by domains of non-commutative algebra such as: \\indented{4}{\\spadtype{XDistributedPolynomial},{}} \\indented{4}{\\spadtype{XRecursivePolynomial}.} Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr)")) (* (($ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{s*r} returns the product \\spad{r*s} used by \\spadtype{XRecursivePolynomial}"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) +(|FreeMagma| |VarSet|) +((|constructor| (NIL "This type is the basic representation of parenthesized words (binary trees over arbitrary symbols) useful in \\spadtype{LiePolynomial}. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|right| (($ $) "\\axiom{right(\\spad{x})} returns right subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{FreeMagma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{retractable?(\\spad{x})} tests if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is a tree with only one entry.")) (|rest| (($ $) "\\axiom{rest(\\spad{x})} return \\axiom{\\spad{x}} without the first entry or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{FreeMagma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{x})} returns the reversed word of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}. That is \\axiom{\\spad{x}} itself if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{FreeMagma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true} and \\axiom{mirror(\\spad{z}) * mirror(\\spad{y})} if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is \\axiom{y*z}.")) (|lexico| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{lexico(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} iff \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is smaller than \\axiom{\\spad{y}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the lexicographical ordering induced by \\axiom{VarSet}. \\spad{N}.\\spad{B}. This operation does not take into account the tree structure of its arguments. Thus this is not a total ordering.")) (|length| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\axiom{length(\\spad{x})} returns the number of entries in \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|left| (($ $) "\\axiom{left(\\spad{x})} returns left subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{FreeMagma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|first| ((|#1| $) "\\axiom{first(\\spad{x})} returns the first entry of the tree \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (* (($ $ $) "\\axiom{x*y} returns the tree \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]}."))) +NIL +NIL (|FreeModuleCat| R |Basis|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A domain of this category implements formal linear combinations of elements from a domain \\spad{Basis} with coefficients in a domain \\spad{R}. The domain \\spad{Basis} needs only to belong to the category \\spadtype{SetCategory} and \\spad{R} to the category \\spadtype{Ring}. Thus the coefficient ring may be non-commutative. See the \\spadtype{XDistributedPolynomial} constructor for examples of domains built with the \\spadtype{FreeModuleCat} category constructor. Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr)")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(x)} returns \\spad{x} minus its leading term.")) (|leadingTerm| (((|Record| (|:| |k| |#2|) (|:| |c| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{leadingTerm(x)} returns the first term which appears in \\spad{ListOfTerms(x)}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(x)} returns the first coefficient which appears in \\spad{ListOfTerms(x)}.")) (|leadingMonomial| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leadingMonomial(x)} returns the first element from \\spad{Basis} which appears in \\spad{ListOfTerms(x)}.")) (|numberOfMonomials| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfMonomials(x)} returns the number of monomials of \\spad{x}.")) (|monomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{monomials(x)} returns the list of \\spad{r_i*b_i} whose sum is \\spad{x}.")) (|coefficients| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(x)} returns the list of coefficients of \\spad{x}.")) (|ListOfTerms| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| |#2|) (|:| |c| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{ListOfTerms(x)} returns a list \\spad{lt} of terms with type \\spad{Record(k: Basis, c: R)} such that \\spad{x} equals \\spad{reduce(+, map(x +-> monom(x.k, x.c), lt))}.")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(x)} returns \\spad{true} if \\spad{x} contains a single monomial.")) (|monom| (($ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{monom(b,r)} returns the element with the single monomial \\indented{1}{\\spad{b} and coefficient \\spad{r}.}")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ |#2|) "\\spad{coefficient(x,b)} returns the coefficient of \\spad{b} in \\spad{x}.")) (* (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{r*b} returns the product of \\spad{r} by \\spad{b}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FreeMonoidCategory| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A free monoid on a set \\spad{S} is the monoid of finite products of the form \\spad{reduce(*,[si ** ni])} where the \\spad{si}'s are in \\spad{S},{} and the \\spad{ni}'s are nonnegative integers. The multiplication is not commutative.")) (|mapGen| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) $) "\\spad{mapGen(f, a1\\^e1 ... an\\^en)} returns \\spad{f(a1)\\^e1 ... f(an)\\^en}.")) (|mapExpon| (($ (|Mapping| (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $) "\\spad{mapExpon(f, a1\\^e1 ... an\\^en)} returns \\spad{a1\\^f(e1) ... an\\^f(en)}.")) (|nthFactor| ((|#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFactor(x, n)} returns the factor of the n^th monomial of \\spad{x}.")) (|nthExpon| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthExpon(x, n)} returns the exponent of the n^th monomial of \\spad{x}.")) (|factors| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |gen| |#1|) (|:| |exp| (|NonNegativeInteger|)))) $) "\\spad{factors(a1\\^e1,...,an\\^en)} returns \\spad{[[a1, e1],...,[an, en]]}.")) (|size| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{size(x)} returns the number of monomials in \\spad{x}.")) (|overlap| (((|Record| (|:| |lm| $) (|:| |mm| $) (|:| |rm| $)) $ $) "\\spad{overlap(x, y)} returns \\spad{[l, m, r]} such that \\spad{x = l * m},{} \\spad{y = m * r} and \\spad{l} and \\spad{r} have no overlap,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{overlap(l, r) = [l, 1, r]}.")) (|divide| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |lm| $) (|:| |rm| $)) "failed") $ $) "\\spad{divide(x, y)} returns the left and right exact quotients of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{[l, r]} such that \\spad{x = l * y * r},{} \"failed\" if \\spad{x} is not of the form \\spad{l * y * r}.")) (|rquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{rquo(x, y)} returns the exact right quotient of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{q} such that \\spad{x = q * y},{} \"failed\" if \\spad{x} is not of the form \\spad{q * y}.")) (|lquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{lquo(x, y)} returns the exact left quotient of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{q} such that \\spad{x = y * q},{} \"failed\" if \\spad{x} is not of the form \\spad{y * q}.")) (|hcrf| (($ $ $) "\\spad{hcrf(x, y)} returns the highest common right factor of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the largest \\spad{d} such that \\spad{x = a d} and \\spad{y = b d}.")) (|hclf| (($ $ $) "\\spad{hclf(x, y)} returns the highest common left factor of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the largest \\spad{d} such that \\spad{x = d a} and \\spad{y = d b}.")) (** (($ |#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{s ** n} returns the product of \\spad{s} by itself \\spad{n} times.")) (* (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{x * s} returns the product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{s} on the right.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{s * x} returns the product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{s} on the left."))) @@ -1298,7 +1302,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FreeNilpotentLie| |n| |class| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Generate the Free Lie Algebra over a ring \\spad{R} with identity; A \\spad{P}. Hall basis is generated by a package call to HallBasis.")) (|generator| (($ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{generator(i)} is the \\spad{i}th Hall Basis element")) (|shallowExpand| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{shallowExpand(x)} \\undocumented{}")) (|deepExpand| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{deepExpand(x)} \\undocumented{}")) (|dimension| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{dimension()} is the rank of this Lie algebra"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FindOrderFinite| F UP UPUP R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Finds the order of a divisor over a finite field} Author: Manuel Bronstein Date Created: 1988 Date Last Updated: 11 Jul 1990")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) (|FiniteDivisor| |#1| |#2| |#3| |#4|)) "\\spad{order(x)} \\undocumented"))) @@ -1318,7 +1322,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FieldOfPrimeCharacteristic|) ((|constructor| (NIL "FieldOfPrimeCharacteristic is the category of fields of prime characteristic,{} \\spadignore{e.g.} finite fields,{} algebraic closures of fields of prime characteristic,{} transcendental extensions of of fields of prime characteristic.")) (|primeFrobenius| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{primeFrobenius(a,s)} returns \\spad{a**(p**s)} where \\spad{p} is the characteristic.") (($ $) "\\spad{primeFrobenius(a)} returns \\spad{a ** p} where \\spad{p} is the characteristic.")) (|discreteLog| (((|Union| (|NonNegativeInteger|) "failed") $ $) "\\spad{discreteLog(b,a)} computes \\spad{s} with \\spad{b**s = a} if such an \\spad{s} exists.")) (|order| (((|OnePointCompletion| (|PositiveInteger|)) $) "\\spad{order(a)} computes the order of an element in the multiplicative group of the field. Error: if \\spad{a} is 0."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|FloatingPointSystem&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is intended as a model for floating point systems. A floating point system is a model for the real numbers. In fact,{} it is an approximation in the sense that not all real numbers are exactly representable by floating point numbers. A floating point system is characterized by the following: \\blankline \\indented{2}{1: \\spadfunFrom{base}{FloatingPointSystem} of the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem}.} \\indented{9}{(actual implemenations are usually binary or decimal)} \\indented{2}{2: \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} of the \\spadfunFrom{mantissa}{FloatingPointSystem} (arbitrary or fixed)} \\indented{2}{3: rounding error for operations} \\blankline Because a Float is an approximation to the real numbers,{} even though it is defined to be a join of a Field and OrderedRing,{} some of the attributes do not hold. In particular associative(\"+\") does not hold. Algorithms defined over a field need special considerations when the field is a floating point system.")) (|max| (($) "\\spad{max()} returns the maximum floating point number.")) (|min| (($) "\\spad{min()} returns the minimum floating point number.")) (|decreasePrecision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{decreasePrecision(n)} decreases the current \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} precision by \\spad{n} decimal digits.")) (|increasePrecision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{increasePrecision(n)} increases the current \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} by \\spad{n} decimal digits.")) (|precision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{precision(n)} set the precision in the base to \\spad{n} decimal digits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{precision()} returns the precision in digits base.")) (|digits| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{digits(d)} set the \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} to \\spad{d} digits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{digits()} returns ceiling's precision in decimal digits.")) (|bits| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{bits(n)} set the \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} to \\spad{n} bits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{bits()} returns ceiling's precision in bits.")) (|mantissa| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{mantissa(x)} returns the mantissa part of \\spad{x}.")) (|exponent| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{exponent(x)} returns the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem} part of \\spad{x}.")) (|base| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{base()} returns the base of the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem}.")) (|order| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{order x} is the order of magnitude of \\spad{x}. Note: \\spad{base ** order x <= |x| < base ** (1 + order x)}.")) (|float| (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{float(a,e,b)} returns \\spad{a * b ** e}.") (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{float(a,e)} returns \\spad{a * base() ** e}.")) (|approximate| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{approximate} means \"is an approximation to the real numbers\"."))) @@ -1326,20 +1330,20 @@ NIL ((|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |arbitraryExponent|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |arbitraryPrecision|))) (|FloatingPointSystem|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category is intended as a model for floating point systems. A floating point system is a model for the real numbers. In fact,{} it is an approximation in the sense that not all real numbers are exactly representable by floating point numbers. A floating point system is characterized by the following: \\blankline \\indented{2}{1: \\spadfunFrom{base}{FloatingPointSystem} of the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem}.} \\indented{9}{(actual implemenations are usually binary or decimal)} \\indented{2}{2: \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} of the \\spadfunFrom{mantissa}{FloatingPointSystem} (arbitrary or fixed)} \\indented{2}{3: rounding error for operations} \\blankline Because a Float is an approximation to the real numbers,{} even though it is defined to be a join of a Field and OrderedRing,{} some of the attributes do not hold. In particular associative(\"+\") does not hold. Algorithms defined over a field need special considerations when the field is a floating point system.")) (|max| (($) "\\spad{max()} returns the maximum floating point number.")) (|min| (($) "\\spad{min()} returns the minimum floating point number.")) (|decreasePrecision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{decreasePrecision(n)} decreases the current \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} precision by \\spad{n} decimal digits.")) (|increasePrecision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{increasePrecision(n)} increases the current \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} by \\spad{n} decimal digits.")) (|precision| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{precision(n)} set the precision in the base to \\spad{n} decimal digits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{precision()} returns the precision in digits base.")) (|digits| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{digits(d)} set the \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} to \\spad{d} digits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{digits()} returns ceiling's precision in decimal digits.")) (|bits| (((|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{bits(n)} set the \\spadfunFrom{precision}{FloatingPointSystem} to \\spad{n} bits.") (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{bits()} returns ceiling's precision in bits.")) (|mantissa| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{mantissa(x)} returns the mantissa part of \\spad{x}.")) (|exponent| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{exponent(x)} returns the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem} part of \\spad{x}.")) (|base| (((|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{base()} returns the base of the \\spadfunFrom{exponent}{FloatingPointSystem}.")) (|order| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{order x} is the order of magnitude of \\spad{x}. Note: \\spad{base ** order x <= |x| < base ** (1 + order x)}.")) (|float| (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{float(a,e,b)} returns \\spad{a * b ** e}.") (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{float(a,e)} returns \\spad{a * base() ** e}.")) (|approximate| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{approximate} means \"is an approximation to the real numbers\"."))) -((|approximate| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|approximate| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Factored| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{Factored} creates a domain whose objects are kept in factored form as long as possible. Thus certain operations like multiplication and gcd are relatively easy to do. Others,{} like addition require somewhat more work,{} and unless the argument domain provides a factor function,{} the result may not be completely factored. Each object consists of a unit and a list of factors,{} where a factor has a member of \\spad{R} (the \"base\"),{} and exponent and a flag indicating what is known about the base. A flag may be one of \"nil\",{} \"sqfr\",{} \"irred\" or \"prime\",{} which respectively mean that nothing is known about the base,{} it is square-free,{} it is irreducible,{} or it is prime. The current restriction to integral domains allows simplification to be performed without worrying about multiplication order.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(u)} returns a rational number if \\spad{u} really is one,{} and \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(u)} assumes spadvar{\\spad{u}} is actually a rational number and does the conversion to rational number (see \\spadtype{Fraction Integer}).")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(u)} tests if \\spadvar{\\spad{u}} is actually a rational number (see \\spadtype{Fraction Integer}).")) (|unitNormalize| (($ $) "\\spad{unitNormalize(u)} normalizes the unit part of the factorization. For example,{} when working with factored integers,{} this operation will ensure that the bases are all positive integers.")) (|unit| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{unit(u)} extracts the unit part of the factorization.")) (|flagFactor| (($ |#1| (|Integer|) (|Union| #1="nil" #2="sqfr" #3="irred" #4="prime")) "\\spad{flagFactor(base,exponent,flag)} creates a factored object with a single factor whose \\spad{base} is asserted to be properly described by the information \\spad{flag}.")) (|sqfrFactor| (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{sqfrFactor(base,exponent)} creates a factored object with a single factor whose \\spad{base} is asserted to be square-free (flag = \"sqfr\").")) (|primeFactor| (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{primeFactor(base,exponent)} creates a factored object with a single factor whose \\spad{base} is asserted to be prime (flag = \"prime\").")) (|numberOfFactors| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfFactors(u)} returns the number of factors in \\spadvar{\\spad{u}}.")) (|nthFlag| (((|Union| #1# #2# #3# #4#) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFlag(u,n)} returns the information flag of the \\spad{n}th factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}}. If \\spadvar{\\spad{n}} is not a valid index for a factor (for example,{} less than 1 or too big),{} \"nil\" is returned.")) (|nthFactor| ((|#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFactor(u,n)} returns the base of the \\spad{n}th factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}}. If \\spadvar{\\spad{n}} is not a valid index for a factor (for example,{} less than 1 or too big),{} 1 is returned. If \\spadvar{\\spad{u}} consists only of a unit,{} the unit is returned.")) (|nthExponent| (((|Integer|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthExponent(u,n)} returns the exponent of the \\spad{n}th factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}}. If \\spadvar{\\spad{n}} is not a valid index for a factor (for example,{} less than 1 or too big),{} 0 is returned.")) (|irreducibleFactor| (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{irreducibleFactor(base,exponent)} creates a factored object with a single factor whose \\spad{base} is asserted to be irreducible (flag = \"irred\").")) (|factors| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |factor| |#1|) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|)))) $) "\\spad{factors(u)} returns a list of the factors in a form suitable for iteration. That is,{} it returns a list where each element is a record containing a base and exponent. The original object is the product of all the factors and the unit (which can be extracted by \\axiom{unit(\\spad{u})}).")) (|nilFactor| (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nilFactor(base,exponent)} creates a factored object with a single factor with no information about the kind of \\spad{base} (flag = \"nil\").")) (|factorList| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |flg| (|Union| #1# #2# #3# #4#)) (|:| |fctr| |#1|) (|:| |xpnt| (|Integer|)))) $) "\\spad{factorList(u)} returns the list of factors with flags (for use by factoring code).")) (|makeFR| (($ |#1| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |flg| (|Union| #1# #2# #3# #4#)) (|:| |fctr| |#1|) (|:| |xpnt| (|Integer|))))) "\\spad{makeFR(unit,listOfFactors)} creates a factored object (for use by factoring code).")) (|exponent| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{exponent(u)} returns the exponent of the first factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}},{} or 0 if the factored form consists solely of a unit.")) (|expand| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{expand(f)} multiplies the unit and factors together,{} yielding an \"unfactored\" object. Note: this is purposely not called \\spadfun{coerce} which would cause the interpreter to do this automatically."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #1=(|Symbol|) $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Evalable| $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Eltable| $ $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|UniqueFactorizationDomain|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #4=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #4#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #1#) #5=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #5# #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #3#) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #1=(|Symbol|) $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Evalable| $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Eltable| $ $))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|UniqueFactorizationDomain|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #4=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #4#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #1#) #5=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #5# #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #3#) (|FactoredFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{FactoredFunctions2} contains functions that involve factored objects whose underlying domains may not be the same. For example,{} \\spadfun{map} might be used to coerce an object of type \\spadtype{Factored(Integer)} to \\spadtype{Factored(Complex(Integer))}.")) (|map| (((|Factored| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Factored| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(fn,u)} is used to apply the function \\userfun{\\spad{fn}} to every factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}}. The new factored object will have all its information flags set to \"nil\". This function is used,{} for example,{} to coerce every factor base to another type."))) NIL NIL (|Fraction| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Fraction takes an IntegralDomain \\spad{S} and produces the domain of Fractions with numerators and denominators from \\spad{S}. If \\spad{S} is also a GcdDomain,{} then gcd's between numerator and denominator will be cancelled during all operations.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonical} means that equal elements are in fact identical."))) -((|canonical| AND (|has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|has| |#1| (|GcdDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonical|))) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2=(|Symbol|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #5# #6#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #7=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #7#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #2#) #9=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #9# #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (AND (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonical|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|)))) #10=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) (OR #10# #3#)) +((|canonical| AND (|has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|has| |#1| (|GcdDomain|)) (|has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonical|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2=(|Symbol|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #5# #6#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #7=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #7#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #2#) #9=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #9# #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (AND (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonical|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|)))) #10=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) (OR #10# #3#)) (|FractionFunctions2| A B) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package extends a map between integral domains to a map between Fractions over those domains by applying the map to the numerators and denominators.")) (|map| (((|Fraction| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Fraction| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(func,frac)} applies the function \\spad{func} to the numerator and denominator of the fraction \\spad{frac}."))) NIL @@ -1350,7 +1354,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FramedAlgebra| R UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "A \\spadtype{FramedAlgebra} is a \\spadtype{FiniteRankAlgebra} together with a fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|regularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $) "\\spad{regularRepresentation(a)} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed basis.")) (|discriminant| ((|#1|) "\\spad{discriminant()} = determinant(traceMatrix()).")) (|traceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|)) "\\spad{traceMatrix()} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix ( \\spad{Tr(vi * vj)} ),{} where \\spad{v1},{} ...,{} vn are the elements of the fixed basis.")) (|convert| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{convert([a1,..,an])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{} ...,{} vn are the elements of the fixed basis.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{convert(a)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{represents([a1,..,an])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{} ...,{} vn are the elements of the fixed basis.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([v1,...,vm])} returns the coordinates of the \\spad{vi}'s with to the fixed basis. The coordinates of \\spad{vi} are contained in the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix returned by this function.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coordinates(a)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|basis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{basis()} returns the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FullyRetractableTo&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{A is fully retractable to \\spad{B} means that A is retractable to \\spad{B},{} and,{}} \\indented{2}{in addition,{} if \\spad{B} is retractable to the integers or rational} \\indented{2}{numbers then so is A.} \\indented{2}{In particular,{} what we are asserting is that there are no integers} \\indented{2}{(rationals) in A which don't retract into \\spad{B}.} Date Created: March 1990 Date Last Updated: 9 April 1991"))) @@ -1362,7 +1366,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FractionalIdeal| R F UP A) ((|constructor| (NIL "Fractional ideals in a framed algebra.")) (|randomLC| ((|#4| (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Vector| |#4|)) "\\spad{randomLC(n,x)} should be local but conditional.")) (|minimize| (($ $) "\\spad{minimize(I)} returns a reduced set of generators for \\spad{I}.")) (|denom| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{denom(1/d * (f1,...,fn))} returns \\spad{d}.")) (|numer| (((|Vector| |#4|) $) "\\spad{numer(1/d * (f1,...,fn))} = the vector \\spad{[f1,...,fn]}.")) (|norm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{norm(I)} returns the norm of the ideal \\spad{I}.")) (|basis| (((|Vector| |#4|) $) "\\spad{basis((f1,...,fn))} returns the vector \\spad{[f1,...,fn]}.")) (|ideal| (($ (|Vector| |#4|)) "\\spad{ideal([f1,...,fn])} returns the ideal \\spad{(f1,...,fn)}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FractionalIdealFunctions2| R1 F1 U1 A1 R2 F2 U2 A2) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Lifting of morphisms to fractional ideals.} Author: Manuel Bronstein Date Created: 1 Feb 1989 Date Last Updated: 27 Feb 1990 Keywords: ideal,{} algebra,{} module.")) (|map| (((|FractionalIdeal| |#5| |#6| |#7| |#8|) (|Mapping| |#5| |#1|) (|FractionalIdeal| |#1| |#2| |#3| |#4|)) "\\spad{map(f,i)} \\undocumented{}"))) @@ -1382,7 +1386,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra(\\spad{R}) is a \\spadtype{FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra} (\\spadignore{i.e.} a non associative algebra over \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank) over a commutative ring \\spad{R} together with a fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|apply| (($ (|Matrix| |#1|) $) "\\spad{apply(m,a)} defines a left operation of \\spad{n} by \\spad{n} matrices where \\spad{n} is the rank of the algebra in terms of matrix-vector multiplication,{} this is a substitute for a left module structure. Error: if shape of matrix doesn't fit.")) (|rightRankPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{rightRankPolynomial()} calculates the right minimal polynomial of the generic element in the algebra,{} defined by the same structural constants over the polynomial ring in symbolic coefficients with respect to the fixed basis.")) (|leftRankPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{leftRankPolynomial()} calculates the left minimal polynomial of the generic element in the algebra,{} defined by the same structural constants over the polynomial ring in symbolic coefficients with respect to the fixed basis.")) (|rightRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $) "\\spad{rightRegularRepresentation(a)} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by right multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|leftRegularRepresentation| (((|Matrix| |#1|) $) "\\spad{leftRegularRepresentation(a)} returns the matrix of the linear map defined by left multiplication by \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|rightTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|)) "\\spad{rightTraceMatrix()} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|leftTraceMatrix| (((|Matrix| |#1|)) "\\spad{leftTraceMatrix()} is the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|rightDiscriminant| ((|#1|) "\\spad{rightDiscriminant()} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the right trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(rightTraceMatrix())}.")) (|leftDiscriminant| ((|#1|) "\\spad{leftDiscriminant()} returns the determinant of the \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix whose element at the \\spad{i}\\spad{-}th row and \\spad{j}\\spad{-}th column is given by the left trace of the product \\spad{vi*vj},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis. Note: the same as \\spad{determinant(leftTraceMatrix())}.")) (|convert| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{convert([a1,...,an])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{} ...,{} \\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{convert(a)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|represents| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{represents([a1,...,an])} returns \\spad{a1*v1 + ... + an*vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{} ...,{} \\spad{vn} are the elements of the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents()} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|structuralConstants| (((|Vector| (|Matrix| |#1|))) "\\spad{structuralConstants()} calculates the structural constants \\spad{[(gammaijk) for k in 1..rank()]} defined by \\spad{vi * vj = gammaij1 * v1 + ... + gammaijn * vn},{} where \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn} is the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|coordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{coordinates([a1,...,am])} returns a matrix whose \\spad{i}-th row is formed by the coordinates of \\spad{ai} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.") (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coordinates(a)} returns the coordinates of \\spad{a} with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis.")) (|basis| (((|Vector| $)) "\\spad{basis()} returns the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis."))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|FactoredFunctionUtilities| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{FactoredFunctionUtilities} implements some utility functions for manipulating factored objects.")) (|mergeFactors| (((|Factored| |#1|) (|Factored| |#1|) (|Factored| |#1|)) "\\spad{mergeFactors(u,v)} is used when the factorizations of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}} and \\spadvar{\\spad{v}} are known to be disjoint,{} \\spadignore{e.g.} resulting from a content/primitive part split. Essentially,{} it creates a new factored object by multiplying the units together and appending the lists of factors.")) (|refine| (((|Factored| |#1|) (|Factored| |#1|) (|Mapping| (|Factored| |#1|) |#1|)) "\\spad{refine(u,fn)} is used to apply the function \\userfun{\\spad{fn}} to each factor of \\spadvar{\\spad{u}} and then build a new factored object from the results. For example,{} if \\spadvar{\\spad{u}} were created by calling \\spad{nilFactor(10,2)} then \\spad{refine(u,factor)} would create a factored object equal to that created by \\spad{factor(100)} or \\spad{primeFactor(2,2) * primeFactor(5,2)}."))) @@ -1394,7 +1398,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Group|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (|FunctionSpace| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "A space of formal functions with arguments in an arbitrary ordered set.")) (|univariate| (((|Fraction| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) $ (|Kernel| $)) "\\spad{univariate(f, k)} returns \\spad{f} viewed as a univariate fraction in \\spad{k}.")) (/ (($ (|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $)) (|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{p1/p2} returns the quotient of \\spad{p1} and \\spad{p2} as an element of \\%.")) (|denominator| (($ $) "\\spad{denominator(f)} returns the denominator of \\spad{f} converted to \\%.")) (|denom| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{denom(f)} returns the denominator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{R}.")) (|convert| (($ (|Factored| $)) "\\spad{convert(f1\\^e1 ... fm\\^em)} returns \\spad{(f1)\\^e1 ... (fm)\\^em} as an element of \\%,{} using formal kernels created using a \\spadfunFrom{paren}{ExpressionSpace}.")) (|isPower| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |val| $) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") $) "\\spad{isPower(p)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0}.")) (|numerator| (($ $) "\\spad{numerator(f)} returns the numerator of \\spad{f} converted to \\%.")) (|numer| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{numer(f)} returns the numerator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{R} if \\spad{R} is an integral domain. If not,{} then numer(\\spad{f}) = \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{R}.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| |#1|)))) "\\spad{coerce(f)} returns \\spad{f} as an element of \\%.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerce(p)} returns \\spad{p} as an element of \\%.") (($ (|Fraction| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(q)} returns \\spad{q} as an element of \\%.") (($ (|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{coerce(p)} returns \\spad{p} as an element of \\%.")) (|isMult| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |coef| (|Integer|)) (|:| |var| (|Kernel| $))) "failed") $) "\\spad{isMult(p)} returns \\spad{[n, x]} if \\spad{p = n * x} and \\spad{n <> 0}.")) (|isPlus| (((|Union| (|List| $) "failed") $) "\\spad{isPlus(p)} returns \\spad{[m1,...,mn]} if \\spad{p = m1 +...+ mn} and \\spad{n > 1}.")) (|isExpt| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |var| (|Kernel| $)) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{isExpt(p,f)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0} and \\spad{x = f(a)}.") (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |var| (|Kernel| $)) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") $ (|BasicOperator|)) "\\spad{isExpt(p,op)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0} and \\spad{x = op(a)}.") (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |var| (|Kernel| $)) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") $) "\\spad{isExpt(p)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0}.")) (|isTimes| (((|Union| (|List| $) "failed") $) "\\spad{isTimes(p)} returns \\spad{[a1,...,an]} if \\spad{p = a1*...*an} and \\spad{n > 1}.")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} * \\spad{x} * \\spad{x} * ... * \\spad{x} (\\spad{n} times).")) (|eval| (($ $ (|Symbol|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Mapping| $ $)) "\\spad{eval(x, s, n, f)} replaces every \\spad{s(a)**n} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{f(a)} for any \\spad{a}.") (($ $ (|Symbol|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Mapping| $ (|List| $))) "\\spad{eval(x, s, n, f)} replaces every \\spad{s(a1,...,am)**n} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{f(a1,...,am)} for any \\spad{a1},{}...,{}am.") (($ $ (|List| (|Symbol|)) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|List| (|Mapping| $ (|List| $)))) "\\spad{eval(x, [s1,...,sm], [n1,...,nm], [f1,...,fm])} replaces every \\spad{si(a1,...,an)**ni} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{fi(a1,...,an)} for any \\spad{a1},{}...,{}am.") (($ $ (|List| (|Symbol|)) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|List| (|Mapping| $ $))) "\\spad{eval(x, [s1,...,sm], [n1,...,nm], [f1,...,fm])} replaces every \\spad{si(a)**ni} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{fi(a)} for any \\spad{a}.") (($ $ (|List| (|BasicOperator|)) (|List| $) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{eval(x, [s1,...,sm], [f1,...,fm], y)} replaces every \\spad{si(a)} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{fi(y)} with \\spad{y} replaced by \\spad{a} for any \\spad{a}.") (($ $ (|BasicOperator|) $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{eval(x, s, f, y)} replaces every \\spad{s(a)} in \\spad{x} by \\spad{f(y)} with \\spad{y} replaced by \\spad{a} for any \\spad{a}.") (($ $) "\\spad{eval(f)} unquotes all the quoted operators in \\spad{f}.") (($ $ (|List| (|Symbol|))) "\\spad{eval(f, [foo1,...,foon])} unquotes all the \\spad{fooi}'s in \\spad{f}.") (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{eval(f, foo)} unquotes all the foo's in \\spad{f}.")) (|applyQuote| (($ (|Symbol|) (|List| $)) "\\spad{applyQuote(foo, [x1,...,xn])} returns \\spad{'foo(x1,...,xn)}.") (($ (|Symbol|) $ $ $ $) "\\spad{applyQuote(foo, x, y, z, t)} returns \\spad{'foo(x,y,z,t)}.") (($ (|Symbol|) $ $ $) "\\spad{applyQuote(foo, x, y, z)} returns \\spad{'foo(x,y,z)}.") (($ (|Symbol|) $ $) "\\spad{applyQuote(foo, x, y)} returns \\spad{'foo(x,y)}.") (($ (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{applyQuote(foo, x)} returns \\spad{'foo(x)}.")) (|variables| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{variables(f)} returns the list of all the variables of \\spad{f}.")) (|ground| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{ground(f)} returns \\spad{f} as an element of \\spad{R}. An error occurs if \\spad{f} is not an element of \\spad{R}.")) (|ground?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{ground?(f)} tests if \\spad{f} is an element of \\spad{R}."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|has| |#1| (|Ring|)) (|has| |#1| (|Group|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #2=((|IntegralDomain|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #2#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #2#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #2#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #1=((|IntegralDomain|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#)) NIL (|FunctionSpaceFunctions2| R A S B) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package allows a mapping \\spad{R} -> \\spad{S} to be lifted to a mapping from a function space over \\spad{R} to a function space over \\spad{S}.")) (|map| ((|#4| (|Mapping| |#3| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{map(f, a)} applies \\spad{f} to all the constants in \\spad{R} appearing in \\spad{a}."))) @@ -1426,7 +1430,7 @@ NIL NIL (|FourierSeries| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: James Davenport} Date Created: 17 April 1992 Date Last Updated: Basic Functions: Related Constructors: Also See: AMS Classifications: Keywords: References: Description:")) (|makeCos| (($ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{makeCos(e,r)} makes a sin expression with given argument and coefficient")) (|makeSin| (($ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{makeSin(e,r)} makes a sin expression with given argument and coefficient")) (|coerce| (($ (|FourierComponent| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(c)} converts sin/cos terms into Fourier Series") (($ |#1|) "\\spad{coerce(r)} converts coefficients into Fourier Series"))) -((|canonical| AND (|has| |#1| #1=(ATTRIBUTE |canonical|)) (|has| |#2| #1#)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonical| AND (|has| |#1| #1=(ATTRIBUTE |canonical|)) (|has| |#2| #1#))) ((AND (|HasAttribute| |#1| #1=(QUOTE |canonical|)) (|HasAttribute| |#2| #1#))) (|FunctionSpaceIntegration| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{FunctionSpaceIntegration} provides functions for the indefinite integration of real-valued functions.")) (|integrate| (((|Union| |#2| (|List| |#2|)) |#2| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f, x)} returns the integral of \\spad{f(x)dx} where \\spad{x} is viewed as a real variable."))) @@ -1445,7 +1449,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|FortranScalarType|) -((|constructor| (NIL "Creates and manipulates objects which correspond to the basic FORTRAN data types: REAL,{} INTEGER,{} COMPLEX,{} LOGICAL and CHARACTER")) (= (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{x=y} tests for equality")) (|logical?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{logical?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type LOGICAL.")) (|character?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{character?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type CHARACTER.")) (|doubleComplex?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{doubleComplex?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the (non-standard) FORTRAN type DOUBLE COMPLEX.")) (|complex?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{complex?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type COMPLEX.")) (|integer?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integer?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type INTEGER.")) (|double?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{double?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type DOUBLE PRECISION")) (|real?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{real?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type REAL.")) (|coerce| (((|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} returns the \\spad{s}-expression associated with \\spad{x}") (((|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} returns the symbol associated with \\spad{x}") (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} transforms the symbol \\spad{s} into an element of FortranScalarType provided \\spad{s} is one of real,{} complex,{}double precision,{} logical,{} integer,{} character,{} REAL,{} COMPLEX,{} LOGICAL,{} INTEGER,{} CHARACTER,{} DOUBLE PRECISION") (($ (|String|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} transforms the string \\spad{s} into an element of FortranScalarType provided \\spad{s} is one of \"real\",{} \"double precision\",{} \"complex\",{} \"logical\",{} \"integer\",{} \"character\",{} \"REAL\",{} \"COMPLEX\",{} \"LOGICAL\",{} \"INTEGER\",{} \"CHARACTER\",{} \"DOUBLE PRECISION\""))) +((|constructor| (NIL "Creates and manipulates objects which correspond to the basic FORTRAN data types: REAL,{} INTEGER,{} COMPLEX,{} LOGICAL and CHARACTER")) (= (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{x=y} tests for equality")) (|logical?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{logical?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type LOGICAL.")) (|character?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{character?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type CHARACTER.")) (|doubleComplex?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{doubleComplex?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the (non-standard) FORTRAN type DOUBLE COMPLEX.")) (|complex?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{complex?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type COMPLEX.")) (|integer?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{integer?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type INTEGER.")) (|double?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{double?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type DOUBLE PRECISION")) (|real?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{real?(t)} tests whether \\spad{t} is equivalent to the FORTRAN type REAL.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} transforms the symbol \\spad{s} into an element of FortranScalarType provided \\spad{s} is one of real,{} complex,{}double precision,{} logical,{} integer,{} character,{} REAL,{} COMPLEX,{} LOGICAL,{} INTEGER,{} CHARACTER,{} DOUBLE PRECISION") (($ (|String|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} transforms the string \\spad{s} into an element of FortranScalarType provided \\spad{s} is one of \"real\",{} \"double precision\",{} \"complex\",{} \"logical\",{} \"integer\",{} \"character\",{} \"REAL\",{} \"COMPLEX\",{} \"LOGICAL\",{} \"INTEGER\",{} \"CHARACTER\",{} \"DOUBLE PRECISION\""))) NIL NIL (|FunctionSpaceUnivariatePolynomialFactor| R F UP) @@ -1510,16 +1514,16 @@ NIL NIL (|GcdDomain|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category describes domains where \\spadfun{gcd} can be computed but where there is no guarantee of the existence of \\spadfun{factor} operation for factorisation into irreducibles. However,{} if such a \\spadfun{factor} operation exist,{} factorization will be unique up to order and units.")) (|lcm| (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{lcm(l)} returns the least common multiple of the elements of the list \\spad{l}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{lcm(x,y)} returns the least common multiple of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}.")) (|gcd| (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{gcd(l)} returns the common gcd of the elements in the list \\spad{l}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{gcd(x,y)} returns the greatest common divisor of \\spad{x} and \\spad{y}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|GenericNonAssociativeAlgebra| R |n| |ls| |gamma|) ((|constructor| (NIL "AlgebraGenericElementPackage allows you to create generic elements of an algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the scalars are extended to include symbolic coefficients")) (|conditionsForIdempotents| (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents()} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the fixed \\spad{R}-module basis") (((|List| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{conditionsForIdempotents([v1,...,vn])} determines a complete list of polynomial equations for the coefficients of idempotents with respect to the \\spad{R}-module basis \\spad{v1},{}...,{}\\spad{vn}")) (|genericRightDiscriminant| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{genericRightDiscriminant()} is the determinant of the generic left trace forms of all products of basis element,{} if the generic left trace form is associative,{} an algebra is separable if the generic left discriminant is invertible,{} if it is non-zero,{} there is some ring extension which makes the algebra separable")) (|genericRightTraceForm| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $ $) "\\spad{genericRightTraceForm (a,b)} is defined to be \\spadfun{genericRightTrace (a*b)},{} this defines a symmetric bilinear form on the algebra")) (|genericLeftDiscriminant| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{genericLeftDiscriminant()} is the determinant of the generic left trace forms of all products of basis element,{} if the generic left trace form is associative,{} an algebra is separable if the generic left discriminant is invertible,{} if it is non-zero,{} there is some ring extension which makes the algebra separable")) (|genericLeftTraceForm| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $ $) "\\spad{genericLeftTraceForm (a,b)} is defined to be \\spad{genericLeftTrace (a*b)},{} this defines a symmetric bilinear form on the algebra")) (|genericRightNorm| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{genericRightNorm(a)} substitutes the coefficients of \\spad{a} for the generic coefficients into the coefficient of the constant term in \\spadfun{rightRankPolynomial} and changes the sign if the degree of this polynomial is odd")) (|genericRightTrace| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{genericRightTrace(a)} substitutes the coefficients of \\spad{a} for the generic coefficients into the coefficient of the second highest term in \\spadfun{rightRankPolynomial} and changes the sign")) (|genericRightMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{genericRightMinimalPolynomial(a)} substitutes the coefficients of \\spad{a} for the generic coefficients in \\spadfun{rightRankPolynomial}")) (|rightRankPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)))) "\\spad{rightRankPolynomial()} returns the right minimimal polynomial of the generic element")) (|genericLeftNorm| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{genericLeftNorm(a)} substitutes the coefficients of \\spad{a} for the generic coefficients into the coefficient of the constant term in \\spadfun{leftRankPolynomial} and changes the sign if the degree of this polynomial is odd. This is a form of degree \\spad{k}")) (|genericLeftTrace| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{genericLeftTrace(a)} substitutes the coefficients of \\spad{a} for the generic coefficients into the coefficient of the second highest term in \\spadfun{leftRankPolynomial} and changes the sign. \\indented{1}{This is a linear form}")) (|genericLeftMinimalPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{genericLeftMinimalPolynomial(a)} substitutes the coefficients of {em a} for the generic coefficients in \\spad{leftRankPolynomial()}")) (|leftRankPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)))) "\\spad{leftRankPolynomial()} returns the left minimimal polynomial of the generic element")) (|generic| (($ (|Vector| (|Symbol|)) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{generic(vs,ve)} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of \\spad{ve} with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{vs} error,{} if the vector of symbols is shorter than the vector of elements") (($ (|Symbol|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{generic(s,v)} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of \\spad{v} with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{s1,s2,..}") (($ (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{generic(ve)} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of \\spad{ve} basis with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{\\%x1,\\%x2,..}") (($ (|Vector| (|Symbol|))) "\\spad{generic(vs)} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of the fixed basis with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{vs}; error,{} if the vector of symbols is too short") (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{generic(s)} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of the fixed basis with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{s1,s2,..}") (($) "\\spad{generic()} returns a generic element,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the linear combination of the fixed basis with the symbolic coefficients \\spad{\\%x1,\\%x2,..}")) (|rightUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{rightUnits()} returns the affine space of all right units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none")) (|leftUnits| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| $) (|:| |basis| (|List| $))) "failed")) "\\spad{leftUnits()} returns the affine space of all left units of the algebra,{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if there is none")) (|coerce| (($ (|Vector| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)))) "\\spad{coerce(v)} assumes that it is called with a vector of length equal to the dimension of the algebra,{} then a linear combination with the basis element is formed"))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) -((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #2=(QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #1# #2#)) +NIL +((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) #2=(QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #2#)) (|GeneralDistributedMultivariatePolynomial| |vl| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports distributed multivariate polynomials} whose variables are from a user specified list of symbols. The coefficient ring may be non commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute. The term ordering is specified by its third parameter. Suggested types which define term orderings include: \\spadtype{DirectProduct},{} \\spadtype{HomogeneousDirectProduct},{} \\spadtype{SplitHomogeneousDirectProduct} and finally \\spadtype{OrderedDirectProduct} which accepts an arbitrary user function to define a term ordering.")) (|reorder| (($ $ (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{reorder(p, perm)} applies the permutation perm to the variables in a polynomial and returns the new correctly ordered polynomial"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #16=(|Fraction| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #15# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #14#)) (OR #18# #13#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #14=(|Fraction| #9#)))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| #16=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #13# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #14#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #16#)) (OR #18# #15#)) (|GenExEuclid| R BP) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author : \\spad{P}.Gianni.} January 1990 The equation \\spad{Af+Bg=h} and its generalization to \\spad{n} polynomials is solved for solutions over the \\spad{R},{} euclidean domain. A table containing the solutions of \\spad{Af+Bg=x**k} is used. The operations are performed modulus a prime which are in principle big enough,{} but the solutions are tested and,{} in case of failure,{} a hensel lifting process is used to get to the right solutions. It will be used in the factorization of multivariate polynomials over finite field,{} with \\spad{R=F[x]}.")) (|testModulus| (((|Boolean|) |#1| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{testModulus(p,lp)} returns \\spad{true} if the the prime \\spad{p} is valid for the list of polynomials \\spad{lp},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} preserves the degree and they remain relatively prime.")) (|solveid| (((|Union| (|List| |#2|) "failed") |#2| |#1| (|Vector| (|List| |#2|))) "\\spad{solveid(h,table)} computes the coefficients of the extended euclidean algorithm for a list of polynomials whose tablePow is \\spad{table} and with right side \\spad{h}.")) (|tablePow| (((|Union| (|Vector| (|List| |#2|)) "failed") (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{tablePow(maxdeg,prime,lpol)} constructs the table with the coefficients of the Extended Euclidean Algorithm for \\spad{lpol}. Here the right side is \\spad{x**k},{} for \\spad{k} less or equal to \\spad{maxdeg}. The operation returns \"failed\" when the elements are not coprime modulo \\spad{prime}.")) (|compBound| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) |#2| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{compBound(p,lp)} computes a bound for the coefficients of the solution polynomials. Given a polynomial right hand side \\spad{p},{} and a list \\spad{lp} of left hand side polynomials. Exported because it depends on the valuation.")) (|reduction| ((|#2| |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{reduction(p,prime)} reduces the polynomial \\spad{p} modulo \\spad{prime} of \\spad{R}. Note: this function is exported only because it's conditional."))) NIL @@ -1546,7 +1550,7 @@ NIL NIL (|GeneralModulePolynomial| |vl| R IS E |ff| P) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package \\undocumented")) (* (($ |#6| $) "\\spad{p*x} \\undocumented")) (|multMonom| (($ |#2| |#4| $) "\\spad{multMonom(r,e,x)} \\undocumented")) (|build| (($ |#2| |#3| |#4|) "\\spad{build(r,i,e)} \\undocumented")) (|unitVector| (($ |#3|) "\\spad{unitVector(x)} \\undocumented")) (|monomial| (($ |#2| (|ModuleMonomial| |#3| |#4| |#5|)) "\\spad{monomial(r,x)} \\undocumented")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(x)} \\undocumented")) (|leadingIndex| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{leadingIndex(x)} \\undocumented")) (|leadingExponent| ((|#4| $) "\\spad{leadingExponent(x)} \\undocumented")) (|leadingMonomial| (((|ModuleMonomial| |#3| |#4| |#5|) $) "\\spad{leadingMonomial(x)} \\undocumented")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(x)} \\undocumented"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|GosperSummationMethod| E V R P Q) ((|constructor| (NIL "Gosper's summation algorithm.")) (|GospersMethod| (((|Union| |#5| "failed") |#5| |#2| (|Mapping| |#2|)) "\\spad{GospersMethod(b, n, new)} returns a rational function \\spad{rf(n)} such that \\spad{a(n) * rf(n)} is the indefinite sum of \\spad{a(n)} with respect to upward difference on \\spad{n},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{a(n+1) * rf(n+1) - a(n) * rf(n) = a(n)},{} where \\spad{b(n) = a(n)/a(n-1)} is a rational function. Returns \"failed\" if no such rational function \\spad{rf(n)} exists. Note: \\spad{new} is a nullary function returning a new \\spad{V} every time. The condition on \\spad{a(n)} is that \\spad{a(n)/a(n-1)} is a rational function of \\spad{n}."))) @@ -1573,7 +1577,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|GraphImage|) -((|constructor| (NIL "TwoDimensionalGraph creates virtual two dimensional graphs (to be displayed on TwoDimensionalViewports).")) (|putColorInfo| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|))) "\\spad{putColorInfo(llp,lpal)} takes a list of list of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} and returns the points with their hue and shade components set according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal}.")) (|coerce| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{coerce(gi)} returns the indicated graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} as output of the domain \\spadtype{OutputForm}.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) "\\spad{coerce(llp)} component(\\spad{gi},{}pt) creates and returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the list of list of points given by \\spad{llp},{} and whose point colors,{} line colors and point sizes are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{pointColorDefault},{} \\spadfun{lineColorDefault},{} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.")) (|point| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{point(gi,pt,pal)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color is set to be the palette color \\spad{pal},{} and whose line color and point size are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{lineColorDefault} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}.")) (|appendPoint| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{appendPoint(gi,pt)} appends the point \\spad{pt} to the end of the list of points component for the graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} which is of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|component| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Palette|) (|Palette|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{component(gi,pt,pal1,pal2,ps)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color is set to the palette color \\spad{pal1},{} line color is set to the palette color \\spad{pal2},{} and point size is set to the positive integer \\spad{ps}.") (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{component(gi,pt)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color,{} line color and point size are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{pointColorDefault},{} \\spadfun{lineColorDefault},{} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}.") (((|Void|) $ (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|Palette|) (|Palette|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{component(gi,lp,pal1,pal2,p)} sets the components of the graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to the values given. The point list for \\spad{gi} is set to the list \\spad{lp},{} the color of the points in \\spad{lp} is set to the palette color \\spad{pal1},{} the color of the lines which connect the points \\spad{lp} is set to the palette color \\spad{pal2},{} and the size of the points in \\spad{lp} is given by the integer \\spad{p}.")) (|units| (((|List| (|Float|)) $ (|List| (|Float|))) "\\spad{units(gi,lu)} modifies the list of unit increments for the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} axes of the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to be that of the list of unit increments,{} \\spad{lu},{} and returns the new list of units for \\spad{gi}.") (((|List| (|Float|)) $) "\\spad{units(gi)} returns the list of unit increments for the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} axes of the indicated graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|ranges| (((|List| (|Segment| (|Float|))) $ (|List| (|Segment| (|Float|)))) "\\spad{ranges(gi,lr)} modifies the list of ranges for the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to be that of the list of range segments,{} \\spad{lr},{} and returns the new range list for \\spad{gi}.") (((|List| (|Segment| (|Float|))) $) "\\spad{ranges(gi)} returns the list of ranges of the point components from the indicated graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|key| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{key(gi)} returns the process ID of the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|pointLists| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) $) "\\spad{pointLists(gi)} returns the list of lists of points which compose the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|makeGraphImage| (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|PositiveInteger|)) (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp,lpal1,lpal2,lp,lopt)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} whose point colors are indicated by the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal1},{} and whose lines are colored according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal2}. The paramater \\spad{lp} is a list of integers which denote the size of the data points,{} and \\spad{lopt} is the list of draw command options. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp,lpal1,lpal2,lp)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} whose point colors are indicated by the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal1},{} and whose lines are colored according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal2}. The paramater \\spad{lp} is a list of integers which denote the size of the data points. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} with default point size and default point and line colours. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ $) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(gi)} takes the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} and sends it's data to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window. \\spad{gi} cannot be an empty graph,{} and it's elements must have been created using the \\spadfun{point} or \\spadfun{component} functions,{} not by a previous \\spadfun{makeGraphImage}.")) (|graphImage| (($) "\\spad{graphImage()} returns an empty graph with 0 point lists of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}. A graph image contains the graph data component of a two dimensional viewport."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "TwoDimensionalGraph creates virtual two dimensional graphs (to be displayed on TwoDimensionalViewports).")) (|putColorInfo| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|))) "\\spad{putColorInfo(llp,lpal)} takes a list of list of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} and returns the points with their hue and shade components set according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal}.")) (|coerce| (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) "\\spad{coerce(llp)} component(\\spad{gi},{}pt) creates and returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the list of list of points given by \\spad{llp},{} and whose point colors,{} line colors and point sizes are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{pointColorDefault},{} \\spadfun{lineColorDefault},{} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.")) (|point| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{point(gi,pt,pal)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color is set to be the palette color \\spad{pal},{} and whose line color and point size are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{lineColorDefault} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}.")) (|appendPoint| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{appendPoint(gi,pt)} appends the point \\spad{pt} to the end of the list of points component for the graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} which is of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|component| (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|Palette|) (|Palette|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{component(gi,pt,pal1,pal2,ps)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color is set to the palette color \\spad{pal1},{} line color is set to the palette color \\spad{pal2},{} and point size is set to the positive integer \\spad{ps}.") (((|Void|) $ (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) "\\spad{component(gi,pt)} modifies the graph \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} to contain one point component,{} \\spad{pt} whose point color,{} line color and point size are determined by the default functions \\spadfun{pointColorDefault},{} \\spadfun{lineColorDefault},{} and \\spadfun{pointSizeDefault}.") (((|Void|) $ (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) (|Palette|) (|Palette|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{component(gi,lp,pal1,pal2,p)} sets the components of the graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to the values given. The point list for \\spad{gi} is set to the list \\spad{lp},{} the color of the points in \\spad{lp} is set to the palette color \\spad{pal1},{} the color of the lines which connect the points \\spad{lp} is set to the palette color \\spad{pal2},{} and the size of the points in \\spad{lp} is given by the integer \\spad{p}.")) (|units| (((|List| (|Float|)) $ (|List| (|Float|))) "\\spad{units(gi,lu)} modifies the list of unit increments for the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} axes of the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to be that of the list of unit increments,{} \\spad{lu},{} and returns the new list of units for \\spad{gi}.") (((|List| (|Float|)) $) "\\spad{units(gi)} returns the list of unit increments for the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} axes of the indicated graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|ranges| (((|List| (|Segment| (|Float|))) $ (|List| (|Segment| (|Float|)))) "\\spad{ranges(gi,lr)} modifies the list of ranges for the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} to be that of the list of range segments,{} \\spad{lr},{} and returns the new range list for \\spad{gi}.") (((|List| (|Segment| (|Float|))) $) "\\spad{ranges(gi)} returns the list of ranges of the point components from the indicated graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|key| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{key(gi)} returns the process ID of the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|pointLists| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) $) "\\spad{pointLists(gi)} returns the list of lists of points which compose the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}.")) (|makeGraphImage| (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|PositiveInteger|)) (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp,lpal1,lpal2,lp,lopt)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} whose point colors are indicated by the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal1},{} and whose lines are colored according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal2}. The paramater \\spad{lp} is a list of integers which denote the size of the data points,{} and \\spad{lopt} is the list of draw command options. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|Palette|)) (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp,lpal1,lpal2,lp)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} whose point colors are indicated by the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal1},{} and whose lines are colored according to the list of palette colors,{} \\spad{lpal2}. The paramater \\spad{lp} is a list of integers which denote the size of the data points. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))))) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(llp)} returns a graph of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is composed of the points and lines from the list of lists of points,{} \\spad{llp},{} with default point size and default point and line colours. The graph data is then sent to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window.") (($ $) "\\spad{makeGraphImage(gi)} takes the given graph,{} \\spad{gi} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} and sends it's data to the viewport manager where it waits to be included in a two-dimensional viewport window. \\spad{gi} cannot be an empty graph,{} and it's elements must have been created using the \\spadfun{point} or \\spadfun{component} functions,{} not by a previous \\spadfun{makeGraphImage}.")) (|graphImage| (($) "\\spad{graphImage()} returns an empty graph with 0 point lists of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}. A graph image contains the graph data component of a two dimensional viewport."))) NIL NIL (|GradedModule&| S R E) @@ -1589,16 +1593,16 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|Group&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative groups,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} monoids with multiplicative inverses. \\blankline")) (|commutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{commutator(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(p) * inv(q) * p * q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $ $) "\\spad{conjugate(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(q) * p * q}; this is 'right action by conjugation'.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "unitsKnown asserts that recip only returns \"failed\" for non-units.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} raised to the integer power \\spad{n}.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} is the same as \\spad{x} times the inverse of \\spad{y}.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} returns the inverse of \\spad{x}."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative groups,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} monoids with multiplicative inverses. \\blankline")) (|commutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{commutator(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(p) * inv(q) * p * q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $ $) "\\spad{conjugate(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(q) * p * q}; this is 'right action by conjugation'.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} raised to the integer power \\spad{n}.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} is the same as \\spad{x} times the inverse of \\spad{y}.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} returns the inverse of \\spad{x}."))) NIL NIL (|Group|) -((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative groups,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} monoids with multiplicative inverses. \\blankline")) (|commutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{commutator(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(p) * inv(q) * p * q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $ $) "\\spad{conjugate(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(q) * p * q}; this is 'right action by conjugation'.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "unitsKnown asserts that recip only returns \"failed\" for non-units.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} raised to the integer power \\spad{n}.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} is the same as \\spad{x} times the inverse of \\spad{y}.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} returns the inverse of \\spad{x}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative groups,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} monoids with multiplicative inverses. \\blankline")) (|commutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{commutator(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(p) * inv(q) * p * q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $ $) "\\spad{conjugate(p,q)} computes \\spad{inv(q) * p * q}; this is 'right action by conjugation'.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns \\spad{x} raised to the integer power \\spad{n}.")) (/ (($ $ $) "\\spad{x/y} is the same as \\spad{x} times the inverse of \\spad{y}.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} returns the inverse of \\spad{x}."))) +NIL NIL (|GeneralUnivariatePowerSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is a category of univariate Puiseux series constructed from univariate Laurent series. A Puiseux series is represented by a pair \\spad{[r,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{r} is a positive rational number and \\spad{f(x)} is a Laurent series. This pair represents the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x\\^r)}.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|coerce| (($ (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|)) "\\spad{coerce(f)} converts a Puiseux series to a general power series.") (($ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts the series variable \\spad{var} into a Puiseux series."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #5# #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #6=(|Symbol|)))) #7=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #8=(|devaluate| |#1|) #9=(|%list| (QUOTE |Fraction|) (QUOTE #3#)) #8#)))) #7# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #5# #10# #4#) (OR #10# #4#) (AND #11=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #8# #8# #9#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #8# #12=(QUOTE #6#))))) #11# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #8# #8# #12#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #12#) #8#)))))) (|GeneralSparseTable| |Key| |Entry| |Tbl| |dent|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A sparse table has a default entry,{} which is returned if no other value has been explicitly stored for a key."))) @@ -1610,7 +1614,7 @@ NIL ((AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #2=(|devaluate| |#4|)))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #1# (AND #3# #4=(|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #2#))) #4#) (|Pi|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Symbolic fractions in \\%\\spad{pi} with integer coefficients;} \\indented{1}{The point for using \\spad{Pi} as the default domain for those fractions} \\indented{1}{is that \\spad{Pi} is coercible to the float types,{} and not Expression.} Date Created: 21 Feb 1990 Date Last Updated: 12 Mai 1992")) (|pi| (($) "\\spad{pi()} returns the symbolic \\%\\spad{pi}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|HasAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents a `has' expression.")) (|rhs| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{rhs(e)} returns the right hand side of the case expression `e'.")) (|lhs| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{lhs(e)} returns the left hand side of the has expression `e'."))) @@ -1626,12 +1630,12 @@ NIL NIL (|HomogeneousDistributedMultivariatePolynomial| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports distributed multivariate polynomials} whose variables are from a user specified list of symbols. The coefficient ring may be non commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute. The term ordering is total degree ordering refined by reverse lexicographic ordering with respect to the position that the variables appear in the list of variables parameter.")) (|reorder| (($ $ (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{reorder(p, perm)} applies the permutation perm to the variables in a polynomial and returns the new correctly ordered polynomial"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #16=(|Fraction| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #15# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #14#)) (OR #18# #13#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #14=(|Fraction| #9#)))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| #16=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #13# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #14#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #16#)) (OR #18# #15#)) (|HomogeneousDirectProduct| |dim| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type represents the finite direct or cartesian product of an} underlying ordered component type. The vectors are ordered first by the sum of their components,{} and then refined using a reverse lexicographic ordering. This type is a suitable third argument for \\spadtype{GeneralDistributedMultivariatePolynomial}."))) -((|rightUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1=((|Ring|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|))) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|HeadAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents the header of a definition.")) (|parameters| (((|List| (|ParameterAst|)) $) "\\spad{parameters(h)} gives the parameters specified in the definition header `h'.")) (|name| (((|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{name(h)} returns the name of the operation defined defined.")) (|headAst| (($ (|Identifier|) (|List| (|ParameterAst|))) "\\spad{headAst(f,[x1,..,xn])} constructs a function definition header."))) NIL @@ -1650,8 +1654,8 @@ NIL NIL (|HexadecimalExpansion|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain allows rational numbers to be presented as repeating hexadecimal expansions.")) (|hex| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{hex(r)} converts a rational number to a hexadecimal expansion.")) (|fractionPart| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{fractionPart(h)} returns the fractional part of a hexadecimal expansion."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) (|HomogeneousAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{A homogeneous aggregate is an aggregate of elements all of the} \\indented{2}{same type,{} and is functorial in stored elements..} In the current system,{} all aggregates are homogeneous. Two attributes characterize classes of aggregates."))) NIL @@ -1682,7 +1686,7 @@ NIL NIL (|InnerAlgebraicNumber|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Algebraic closure of the rational numbers.")) (|norm| (($ $ (|List| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{norm(f,l)} computes the norm of the algebraic number \\spad{f} with respect to the extension generated by kernels \\spad{l}") (($ $ (|Kernel| $)) "\\spad{norm(f,k)} computes the norm of the algebraic number \\spad{f} with respect to the extension generated by kernel \\spad{k}") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|List| (|Kernel| $))) "\\spad{norm(p,l)} computes the norm of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the extension generated by kernels \\spad{l}") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|Kernel| $)) "\\spad{norm(p,k)} computes the norm of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the extension generated by kernel \\spad{k}")) (|trueEqual| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{trueEqual(x,y)} tries to determine if the two numbers are equal")) (|reduce| (($ $) "\\spad{reduce(f)} simplifies all the unreduced algebraic numbers present in \\spad{f} by applying their defining relations.")) (|denom| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|) (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{denom(f)} returns the denominator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{Z}.")) (|numer| (((|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|) (|Kernel| $)) $) "\\spad{numer(f)} returns the numerator of \\spad{f} viewed as a polynomial in the kernels over \\spad{Z}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|Ring|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Integer|))))) (|IndexedOneDimensionalArray| S |mn|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author Micheal Monagan \\spad{Aug/87}} This is the basic one dimensional array data type."))) @@ -1782,7 +1786,7 @@ NIL NIL (|InnerFiniteField| |p| |n|) ((|constructor| (NIL "InnerFiniteField(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n}) implements finite fields with \\spad{p**n} elements where \\spad{p} is assumed prime but does not check. For a version which checks that \\spad{p} is prime,{} see \\spadtype{FiniteField}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|InnerPrimeField| |#1|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #3=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #3# #1#) (|InnerMatrixLinearAlgebraFunctions| R |Row| |Col| M) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{InnerMatrixLinearAlgebraFunctions} is an internal package which provides standard linear algebra functions on domains in \\spad{MatrixCategory}")) (|inverse| (((|Union| |#4| "failed") |#4|) "\\spad{inverse(m)} returns the inverse of the matrix \\spad{m}. If the matrix is not invertible,{} \"failed\" is returned. Error: if the matrix is not square.")) (|generalizedInverse| ((|#4| |#4|) "\\spad{generalizedInverse(m)} returns the generalized (Moore--Penrose) inverse of the matrix \\spad{m},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the matrix \\spad{h} such that m*h*m=h,{} h*m*h=m,{} m*h and h*m are both symmetric matrices.")) (|determinant| ((|#1| |#4|) "\\spad{determinant(m)} returns the determinant of the matrix \\spad{m}. an error message is returned if the matrix is not square.")) (|nullSpace| (((|List| |#3|) |#4|) "\\spad{nullSpace(m)} returns a basis for the null space of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|nullity| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) |#4|) "\\spad{nullity(m)} returns the mullity of the matrix \\spad{m}. This is the dimension of the null space of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|rank| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) |#4|) "\\spad{rank(m)} returns the rank of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|rowEchelon| ((|#4| |#4|) "\\spad{rowEchelon(m)} returns the row echelon form of the matrix \\spad{m}."))) @@ -1878,11 +1882,11 @@ NIL NIL (|IntegerNumberSystem|) ((|constructor| (NIL "An \\spad{IntegerNumberSystem} is a model for the integers.")) (|invmod| (($ $ $) "\\spad{invmod(a,b)},{} \\spad{0<=a<b>1},{} \\spad{(a,b)=1} means \\spad{1/a mod b}.")) (|powmod| (($ $ $ $) "\\spad{powmod(a,b,p)},{} \\spad{0<=a,b<p>1},{} means \\spad{a**b mod p}.")) (|mulmod| (($ $ $ $) "\\spad{mulmod(a,b,p)},{} \\spad{0<=a,b<p>1},{} means \\spad{a*b mod p}.")) (|submod| (($ $ $ $) "\\spad{submod(a,b,p)},{} \\spad{0<=a,b<p>1},{} means \\spad{a-b mod p}.")) (|addmod| (($ $ $ $) "\\spad{addmod(a,b,p)},{} \\spad{0<=a,b<p>1},{} means \\spad{a+b mod p}.")) (|mask| (($ $) "\\spad{mask(n)} returns \\spad{2**n-1} (an \\spad{n} bit mask).")) (|dec| (($ $) "\\spad{dec(x)} returns \\spad{x - 1}.")) (|inc| (($ $) "\\spad{inc(x)} returns \\spad{x + 1}.")) (|copy| (($ $) "\\spad{copy(n)} gives a copy of \\spad{n}.")) (|random| (($ $) "\\spad{random(a)} creates a random element from 0 to \\spad{a-1}.") (($) "\\spad{random()} creates a random element.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(n)} creates a rational number,{} or returns \"failed\" if this is not possible.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(n)} creates a rational number (see \\spadtype{Fraction Integer})..")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(n)} tests if \\spad{n} is a rational number (see \\spadtype{Fraction Integer}).")) (|symmetricRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\spad{symmetricRemainder(a,b)} (where \\spad{b > 1}) yields \\spad{r} where \\spad{ -b/2 <= r < b/2 }.")) (|positiveRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\spad{positiveRemainder(a,b)} (where \\spad{b > 1}) yields \\spad{r} where \\spad{0 <= r < b} and \\spad{r == a rem b}.")) (|bit?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{bit?(n,i)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{i}-th bit of \\spad{n} is a 1.")) (|shift| (($ $ $) "\\spad{shift(a,i)} shift \\spad{a} by \\spad{i} digits.")) (|length| (($ $) "\\spad{length(a)} length of \\spad{a} in digits.")) (|base| (($) "\\spad{base()} returns the base for the operations of \\spad{IntegerNumberSystem}.")) (|multiplicativeValuation| ((|attribute|) "euclideanSize(a*b) returns \\spad{euclideanSize(a)*euclideanSize(b)}.")) (|even?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{even?(n)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{n} is even.")) (|odd?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{odd?(n)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{n} is odd."))) -((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Integer|) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{Integer} provides the domain of arbitrary precision integers.")) (|noetherian| ((|attribute|) "ascending chain condition on ideals.")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "two positives multiply to give positive.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "mathematical equality is data structure equality."))) -((|noetherian| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{Integer} provides the domain of arbitrary precision integers.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "mathematical equality is data structure equality."))) +((|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Int16|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain is a datatype for (signed) integer values of precision 16 bits."))) @@ -1918,15 +1922,15 @@ NIL NIL (|IntervalCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{+ Author: Mike Dewar} + Date Created: November 1996 + Date Last Updated: + Basic Functions: + Related Constructors: + Also See: + AMS Classifications: + Keywords: + References: + Description: + This category implements of interval arithmetic and transcendental + functions over intervals.")) (|contains?| (((|Boolean|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{contains?(i,f)} returns \\spad{true} if \\axiom{\\spad{f}} is contained within the interval \\axiom{\\spad{i}},{} \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|negative?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{negative?(u)} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} if every element of \\spad{u} is negative,{} \\axiom{\\spad{false}} otherwise.")) (|positive?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{positive?(u)} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} if every element of \\spad{u} is positive,{} \\axiom{\\spad{false}} otherwise.")) (|width| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{width(u)} returns \\axiom{sup(\\spad{u}) - inf(\\spad{u})}.")) (|sup| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{sup(u)} returns the supremum of \\axiom{\\spad{u}}.")) (|inf| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{inf(u)} returns the infinum of \\axiom{\\spad{u}}.")) (|qinterval| (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{qinterval(inf,sup)} creates a new interval \\axiom{[\\spad{inf},{}\\spad{sup}]},{} without checking the ordering on the elements.")) (|interval| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{interval(f)} creates a new interval around \\spad{f}.") (($ |#1|) "\\spad{interval(f)} creates a new interval around \\spad{f}.") (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{interval(inf,sup)} creates a new interval,{} either \\axiom{[\\spad{inf},{}\\spad{sup}]} if \\axiom{\\spad{inf} <= \\spad{sup}} or \\axiom{[\\spad{sup},{}in]} otherwise."))) -((|approximate| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|approximate| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|IntegralDomain&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative integral domains,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings with no zero divisors. \\blankline Conditional attributes: \\indented{2}{canonicalUnitNormal\\tab{20}the canonical field is the same for all associates} \\indented{2}{canonicalsClosed\\tab{20}the product of two canonicals is itself canonical}")) (|unit?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{unit?(x)} tests whether \\spad{x} is a unit,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} is invertible.")) (|associates?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{associates?(x,y)} tests whether \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are associates,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} differ by a unit factor.")) (|unitCanonical| (($ $) "\\spad{unitCanonical(x)} returns \\spad{unitNormal(x).canonical}.")) (|unitNormal| (((|Record| (|:| |unit| $) (|:| |canonical| $) (|:| |associate| $)) $) "\\spad{unitNormal(x)} tries to choose a canonical element from the associate class of \\spad{x}. The attribute canonicalUnitNormal,{} if asserted,{} means that the \"canonical\" element is the same across all associates of \\spad{x} if \\spad{unitNormal(x) = [u,c,a]} then \\spad{u*c = x},{} \\spad{a*u = 1}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exquo(a,b)} either returns an element \\spad{c} such that \\spad{c*b=a} or \"failed\" if no such element can be found."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative integral domains,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings with no zero divisors. \\blankline Conditional attributes: \\indented{2}{canonicalUnitNormal\\tab{20}the canonical field is the same for all associates}")) (|unit?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{unit?(x)} tests whether \\spad{x} is a unit,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} is invertible.")) (|associates?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{associates?(x,y)} tests whether \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are associates,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} differ by a unit factor.")) (|unitCanonical| (($ $) "\\spad{unitCanonical(x)} returns \\spad{unitNormal(x).canonical}.")) (|unitNormal| (((|Record| (|:| |unit| $) (|:| |canonical| $) (|:| |associate| $)) $) "\\spad{unitNormal(x)} tries to choose a canonical element from the associate class of \\spad{x}. The attribute canonicalUnitNormal,{} if asserted,{} means that the \"canonical\" element is the same across all associates of \\spad{x} if \\spad{unitNormal(x) = [u,c,a]} then \\spad{u*c = x},{} \\spad{a*u = 1}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exquo(a,b)} either returns an element \\spad{c} such that \\spad{c*b=a} or \"failed\" if no such element can be found."))) NIL NIL (|IntegralDomain|) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative integral domains,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings with no zero divisors. \\blankline Conditional attributes: \\indented{2}{canonicalUnitNormal\\tab{20}the canonical field is the same for all associates} \\indented{2}{canonicalsClosed\\tab{20}the product of two canonicals is itself canonical}")) (|unit?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{unit?(x)} tests whether \\spad{x} is a unit,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} is invertible.")) (|associates?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{associates?(x,y)} tests whether \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are associates,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} differ by a unit factor.")) (|unitCanonical| (($ $) "\\spad{unitCanonical(x)} returns \\spad{unitNormal(x).canonical}.")) (|unitNormal| (((|Record| (|:| |unit| $) (|:| |canonical| $) (|:| |associate| $)) $) "\\spad{unitNormal(x)} tries to choose a canonical element from the associate class of \\spad{x}. The attribute canonicalUnitNormal,{} if asserted,{} means that the \"canonical\" element is the same across all associates of \\spad{x} if \\spad{unitNormal(x) = [u,c,a]} then \\spad{u*c = x},{} \\spad{a*u = 1}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exquo(a,b)} either returns an element \\spad{c} such that \\spad{c*b=a} or \"failed\" if no such element can be found."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of commutative integral domains,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} commutative rings with no zero divisors. \\blankline Conditional attributes: \\indented{2}{canonicalUnitNormal\\tab{20}the canonical field is the same for all associates}")) (|unit?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{unit?(x)} tests whether \\spad{x} is a unit,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} is invertible.")) (|associates?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{associates?(x,y)} tests whether \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} are associates,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} differ by a unit factor.")) (|unitCanonical| (($ $) "\\spad{unitCanonical(x)} returns \\spad{unitNormal(x).canonical}.")) (|unitNormal| (((|Record| (|:| |unit| $) (|:| |canonical| $) (|:| |associate| $)) $) "\\spad{unitNormal(x)} tries to choose a canonical element from the associate class of \\spad{x}. The attribute canonicalUnitNormal,{} if asserted,{} means that the \"canonical\" element is the same across all associates of \\spad{x} if \\spad{unitNormal(x) = [u,c,a]} then \\spad{u*c = x},{} \\spad{a*u = 1}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exquo(a,b)} either returns an element \\spad{c} such that \\spad{c*b=a} or \"failed\" if no such element can be found."))) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|ElementaryIntegration| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides functions for integration,{} limited integration,{} extended integration and the risch differential equation for elemntary functions.")) (|lfextlimint| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |ratpart| |#2|) (|:| |coeff| |#2|)) #1="failed") |#2| (|Symbol|) (|Kernel| |#2|) (|List| (|Kernel| |#2|))) "\\spad{lfextlimint(f,x,k,[k1,...,kn])} returns functions \\spad{[h, c]} such that \\spad{dh/dx = f - c dk/dx}. Value \\spad{h} is looked for in a field containing \\spad{f} and \\spad{k1},{}...,{}kn (the \\spad{ki}'s must be logs).")) (|lfintegrate| (((|IntegrationResult| |#2|) |#2| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{lfintegrate(f, x)} = \\spad{g} such that \\spad{dg/dx = f}.")) (|lfinfieldint| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") |#2| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{lfinfieldint(f, x)} returns a function \\spad{g} such that \\spad{dg/dx = f} if \\spad{g} exists,{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|lflimitedint| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |mainpart| |#2|) (|:| |limitedlogs| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |coeff| |#2|) (|:| |logand| |#2|))))) "failed") |#2| (|Symbol|) (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{lflimitedint(f,x,[g1,...,gn])} returns functions \\spad{[h,[[ci, gi]]]} such that the \\spad{gi}'s are among \\spad{[g1,...,gn]},{} and \\spad{d(h+sum(ci log(gi)))/dx = f},{} if possible,{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|lfextendedint| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |ratpart| |#2|) (|:| |coeff| |#2|)) #1#) |#2| (|Symbol|) |#2|) "\\spad{lfextendedint(f, x, g)} returns functions \\spad{[h, c]} such that \\spad{dh/dx = f - cg},{} if (\\spad{h},{} \\spad{c}) exist,{} \"failed\" otherwise."))) @@ -1974,7 +1978,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Interval| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{+ Author: Mike Dewar} + Date Created: November 1996 + Date Last Updated: + Basic Functions: + Related Constructors: + Also See: + AMS Classifications: + Keywords: + References: + Description: + This domain is an implementation of interval arithmetic and transcendental + functions over intervals."))) -((|approximate| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|approximate| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|IntegerSolveLinearPolynomialEquation|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides the implementation for the \\spadfun{solveLinearPolynomialEquation} operation over the integers. It uses a lifting technique from the package GenExEuclid")) (|solveLinearPolynomialEquation| (((|Union| (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|))) "failed") (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|))) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{solveLinearPolynomialEquation([f1, ..., fn], g)} (where the \\spad{fi} are relatively prime to each other) returns a list of \\spad{ai} such that \\spad{g/prod fi = sum ai/fi} or returns \"failed\" if no such list of \\spad{ai}'s exists."))) @@ -2010,11 +2014,11 @@ NIL NIL (|InnerPAdicInteger| |p| |unBalanced?|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements Zp,{} the \\spad{p}-adic completion of the integers. This is an internal domain."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|InnerPrimeField| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "InnerPrimeField(\\spad{p}) implements the field with \\spad{p} elements. Note: argument \\spad{p} MUST be a prime (this domain does not check). See \\spadtype{PrimeField} for a domain that does check."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|InternalPrintPackage|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A package to print strings without line-feed nor carriage-return.")) (|iprint| (((|Void|) (|String|)) "\\axiom{iprint(\\spad{s})} prints \\axiom{\\spad{s}} at the current position of the cursor."))) @@ -2022,7 +2026,7 @@ NIL NIL (|IntegrationResult| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "If a function \\spad{f} has an elementary integral \\spad{g},{} then \\spad{g} can be written in the form \\spad{g = h + c1 log(u1) + c2 log(u2) + ... + cn log(un)} where \\spad{h},{} which is in the same field than \\spad{f},{} is called the rational part of the integral,{} and \\spad{c1 log(u1) + ... cn log(un)} is called the logarithmic part of the integral. This domain manipulates integrals represented in that form,{} by keeping both parts separately. The logs are not explicitly computed.")) (|differentiate| ((|#1| $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{differentiate(ir,x)} differentiates \\spad{ir} with respect to \\spad{x}") ((|#1| $ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{differentiate(ir,D)} differentiates \\spad{ir} with respect to the derivation \\spad{D}.")) (|integral| (($ |#1| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integral(f,x)} returns the formal integral of \\spad{f} with respect to \\spad{x}") (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{integral(f,x)} returns the formal integral of \\spad{f} with respect to \\spad{x}")) (|elem?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{elem?(ir)} tests if an integration result is elementary over F?")) (|notelem| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |integrand| |#1|) (|:| |intvar| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{notelem(ir)} returns the non-elementary part of an integration result")) (|logpart| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |scalar| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) (|:| |coeff| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) (|:| |logand| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)))) $) "\\spad{logpart(ir)} returns the logarithmic part of an integration result")) (|ratpart| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{ratpart(ir)} returns the rational part of an integration result")) (|mkAnswer| (($ |#1| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |scalar| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) (|:| |coeff| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) (|:| |logand| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)))) (|List| (|Record| (|:| |integrand| |#1|) (|:| |intvar| |#1|)))) "\\spad{mkAnswer(r,l,ne)} creates an integration result from a rational part \\spad{r},{} a logarithmic part \\spad{l},{} and a non-elementary part \\spad{ne}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #1=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#)))) (|IntegrationResultFunctions2| E F) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Internally used by the integration packages} Author: Manuel Bronstein Date Created: 1987 Date Last Updated: 12 August 1992 Keywords: integration.")) (|map| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |mainpart| |#2|) (|:| |limitedlogs| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |coeff| |#2|) (|:| |logand| |#2|))))) "failed") (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Union| (|Record| (|:| |mainpart| |#1|) (|:| |limitedlogs| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |coeff| |#1|) (|:| |logand| |#1|))))) "failed")) "\\spad{map(f,ufe)} \\undocumented") (((|Union| |#2| "failed") (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Union| |#1| "failed")) "\\spad{map(f,ue)} \\undocumented") (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |ratpart| |#2|) (|:| |coeff| |#2|)) "failed") (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Union| (|Record| (|:| |ratpart| |#1|) (|:| |coeff| |#1|)) "failed")) "\\spad{map(f,ure)} \\undocumented") (((|IntegrationResult| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|IntegrationResult| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f,ire)} \\undocumented"))) @@ -2066,11 +2070,11 @@ NIL NIL (|InnerSparseUnivariatePowerSeries| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "InnerSparseUnivariatePowerSeries is an internal domain \\indented{2}{used for creating sparse Taylor and Laurent series.}")) (|cAcsch| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcsch(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic cosecant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAsech| (($ $) "\\spad{cAsech(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic secant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAcoth| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcoth(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAtanh| (($ $) "\\spad{cAtanh(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAcosh| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcosh(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAsinh| (($ $) "\\spad{cAsinh(f)} computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCsch| (($ $) "\\spad{cCsch(f)} computes the hyperbolic cosecant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cSech| (($ $) "\\spad{cSech(f)} computes the hyperbolic secant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCoth| (($ $) "\\spad{cCoth(f)} computes the hyperbolic cotangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cTanh| (($ $) "\\spad{cTanh(f)} computes the hyperbolic tangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCosh| (($ $) "\\spad{cCosh(f)} computes the hyperbolic cosine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cSinh| (($ $) "\\spad{cSinh(f)} computes the hyperbolic sine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAcsc| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcsc(f)} computes the arccosecant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAsec| (($ $) "\\spad{cAsec(f)} computes the arcsecant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAcot| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcot(f)} computes the arccotangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAtan| (($ $) "\\spad{cAtan(f)} computes the arctangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAcos| (($ $) "\\spad{cAcos(f)} computes the arccosine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cAsin| (($ $) "\\spad{cAsin(f)} computes the arcsine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCsc| (($ $) "\\spad{cCsc(f)} computes the cosecant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cSec| (($ $) "\\spad{cSec(f)} computes the secant of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCot| (($ $) "\\spad{cCot(f)} computes the cotangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cTan| (($ $) "\\spad{cTan(f)} computes the tangent of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cCos| (($ $) "\\spad{cCos(f)} computes the cosine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cSin| (($ $) "\\spad{cSin(f)} computes the sine of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cLog| (($ $) "\\spad{cLog(f)} computes the logarithm of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cExp| (($ $) "\\spad{cExp(f)} computes the exponential of the power series \\spad{f}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cRationalPower| (($ $ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{cRationalPower(f,r)} computes \\spad{f^r}. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|cPower| (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{cPower(f,r)} computes \\spad{f^r},{} where \\spad{f} has constant coefficient 1. For use when the coefficient ring is commutative.")) (|integrate| (($ $) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. Warning: function does not check for a term of degree \\spad{-1}.")) (|seriesToOutputForm| (((|OutputForm|) (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Integer|)) (|:| |c| |#1|))) (|Reference| (|OrderedCompletion| (|Integer|))) (|Symbol|) |#1| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{seriesToOutputForm(st,refer,var,cen,r)} prints the series \\spad{f((var - cen)^r)}.")) (|iCompose| (($ $ $) "\\spad{iCompose(f,g)} returns \\spad{f(g(x))}. This is an internal function which should only be called for Taylor series \\spad{f(x)} and \\spad{g(x)} such that the constant coefficient of \\spad{g(x)} is zero.")) (|taylorQuoByVar| (($ $) "\\spad{taylorQuoByVar(a0 + a1 x + a2 x**2 + ...)} returns \\spad{a1 + a2 x + a3 x**2 + ...}")) (|iExquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $ (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{iExquo(f,g,taylor?)} is the quotient of the power series \\spad{f} and \\spad{g}. If \\spad{taylor?} is \\spad{true},{} then we must have \\spad{order(f) >= order(g)}.")) (|multiplyCoefficients| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{multiplyCoefficients(fn,f)} returns the series \\spad{sum(fn(n) * an * x^n,n = n0..)},{} where \\spad{f} is the series \\spad{sum(an * x^n,n = n0..)}.")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(f)} tests if \\spad{f} is a single monomial.")) (|series| (($ (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Integer|)) (|:| |c| |#1|)))) "\\spad{series(st)} creates a series from a stream of non-zero terms,{} where a term is an exponent-coefficient pair. The terms in the stream should be ordered by increasing order of exponents.")) (|getStream| (((|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Integer|)) (|:| |c| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{getStream(f)} returns the stream of terms representing the series \\spad{f}.")) (|getRef| (((|Reference| (|OrderedCompletion| (|Integer|))) $) "\\spad{getRef(f)} returns a reference containing the order to which the terms of \\spad{f} have been computed.")) (|makeSeries| (($ (|Reference| (|OrderedCompletion| (|Integer|))) (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Integer|)) (|:| |c| |#1|)))) "\\spad{makeSeries(refer,str)} creates a power series from the reference \\spad{refer} and the stream \\spad{str}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) #3# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #4=(|Symbol|)))) #5=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #6=(|devaluate| |#1|) #7=(QUOTE #1#) #6#)))) #5# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (AND #8=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #6# #6# #7#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #6# (QUOTE #4#))))) #8#) (|InnerTaylorSeries| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Internal package for dense Taylor series. This is an internal Taylor series type in which Taylor series are represented by a \\spadtype{Stream} of \\spadtype{Ring} elements. For univariate series,{} the \\spad{Stream} elements are the Taylor coefficients. For multivariate series,{} the \\spad{n}th Stream element is a form of degree \\spad{n} in the power series variables.")) (* (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{x*i} returns the product of integer \\spad{i} and the series \\spad{x}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{order(x,n)} returns the minimum of \\spad{n} and the order of \\spad{x}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(x)} returns the order of a power series \\spad{x},{} \\indented{1}{\\spadignore{i.e.} the degree of the first non-zero term of the series.}")) (|pole?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{pole?(x)} tests if the series \\spad{x} has a pole. \\indented{1}{Note: this is \\spad{false} when \\spad{x} is a Taylor series.}")) (|series| (($ (|Stream| |#1|)) "\\spad{series(s)} creates a power series from a stream of \\indented{1}{ring elements.} \\indented{1}{For univariate series types,{} the stream \\spad{s} should be a stream} \\indented{1}{of Taylor coefficients. For multivariate series types,{} the} \\indented{1}{stream \\spad{s} should be a stream of forms the \\spad{n}th element} \\indented{1}{of which is a} \\indented{1}{form of degree \\spad{n} in the power series variables.}")) (|coefficients| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(x)} returns a stream of ring elements. \\indented{1}{When \\spad{x} is a univariate series,{} this is a stream of Taylor} \\indented{1}{coefficients. When \\spad{x} is a multivariate series,{} the} \\indented{1}{\\spad{n}th element of the stream is a form of} \\indented{1}{degree \\spad{n} in the power series variables.}"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #1=((|IntegralDomain|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| . #1=((|IntegralDomain|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1#)) ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) (|InternalTypeForm|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides representations for internal type form.")) (|mappingMode| (($ $ (|List| $)) "\\spad{mappingMode(r,ts)} returns a mapping mode with return mode \\spad{r},{} and parameter modes \\spad{ts}.")) (|categoryMode| (($) "\\spad{categoryMode} is a constant mode denoting Category.")) (|voidMode| (($) "\\spad{voidMode} is a constant mode denoting Void.")) (|noValueMode| (($) "\\spad{noValueMode} is a constant mode that indicates that the value of an expression is to be ignored.")) (|jokerMode| (($) "\\spad{jokerMode} is a constant that stands for any mode in a type inference context"))) @@ -2106,7 +2110,7 @@ NIL NIL (|AssociatedJordanAlgebra| R A) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{AssociatedJordanAlgebra takes an algebra \\spad{A} and uses \\spadfun{*\\$A}} \\indented{1}{to define the new multiplications \\spad{a*b := (a *\\$A b + b *\\$A a)/2}} \\indented{1}{(anticommutator).} \\indented{1}{The usual notation \\spad{{a,b}_+} cannot be used due to} \\indented{1}{restrictions in the current language.} \\indented{1}{This domain only gives a Jordan algebra if the} \\indented{1}{Jordan-identity \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} holds} \\indented{1}{for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in \\spad{A}.} \\indented{1}{This relation can be checked by} \\indented{1}{\\spadfun{jordanAdmissible?()\\$A}.} \\blankline If the underlying algebra is of type \\spadtype{FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra(R)} (\\spadignore{i.e.} a non associative algebra over \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank,{} together with a fixed \\spad{R}-module basis),{} then the same is \\spad{true} for the associated Jordan algebra. Moreover,{} if the underlying algebra is of type \\spadtype{FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra(R)} (\\spadignore{i.e.} a non associative algebra over \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank),{} then the same \\spad{true} for the associated Jordan algebra.")) (|coerce| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{coerce(a)} coerces the element \\spad{a} of the algebra \\spad{A} to an element of the Jordan algebra \\spadtype{AssociatedJordanAlgebra}(\\spad{R},{}A)."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|and| (|has| |#2| (|FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra| |#1|)) #1=(|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) (AND (|has| |#2| (|FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra| |#1|)) #1#)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra|) #2=(|devaluate| |#1|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra|) #2#))) #3# (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #3#) (OR (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (AND #4# #3#)) #1#) (|JVMBytecode|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the datatype for the JVM bytecodes."))) @@ -2178,7 +2182,7 @@ NIL NIL (|LocalAlgebra| A R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "LocalAlgebra produces the localization of an algebra,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} fractions whose numerators come from some \\spad{R} algebra.")) (|denom| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{denom x} returns the denominator of \\spad{x}.")) (|numer| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{numer x} returns the numerator of \\spad{x}.")) (/ (($ |#1| |#3|) "\\spad{a / d} divides the element \\spad{a} by \\spad{d}.") (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{x / d} divides the element \\spad{x} by \\spad{d}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedRing|)))) (|LeftAlgebra&| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of all left algebras over an arbitrary ring.")) (|coerce| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{coerce(r)} returns \\spad{r} * 1 where 1 is the identity of the left algebra."))) @@ -2186,7 +2190,7 @@ NIL NIL (|LeftAlgebra| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of all left algebras over an arbitrary ring.")) (|coerce| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{coerce(r)} returns \\spad{r} * 1 where 1 is the identity of the left algebra."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|LaplaceTransform| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package computes the forward Laplace Transform.")) (|laplace| ((|#2| |#2| (|Symbol|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{laplace(f, t, s)} returns the Laplace transform of \\spad{f(t)} using \\spad{s} as the new variable. This is \\spad{integral(exp(-s*t)*f(t), t = 0..\\%plusInfinity)}. Returns the formal object \\spad{laplace(f, t, s)} if it cannot compute the transform."))) @@ -2194,7 +2198,7 @@ NIL NIL (|LaurentPolynomial| R UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Univariate polynomials with negative and positive exponents.} Author: Manuel Bronstein Date Created: May 1988 Date Last Updated: 26 Apr 1990")) (|separate| (((|Record| (|:| |polyPart| $) (|:| |fracPart| (|Fraction| |#2|))) (|Fraction| |#2|)) "\\spad{separate(x)} \\undocumented")) (|monomial| (($ |#1| (|Integer|)) "\\spad{monomial(x,n)} \\undocumented")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{coefficient(x,n)} \\undocumented")) (|trailingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{trailingCoefficient }\\undocumented")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient }\\undocumented")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(x)} \\undocumented")) (|order| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{order(x)} \\undocumented")) (|degree| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{degree(x)} \\undocumented")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(x)} \\undocumented"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T)) ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #1=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) (|LazardSetSolvingPackage| R E V P TS ST) ((|constructor| (NIL "A package for solving polynomial systems by means of Lazard triangular sets [1]. This package provides two operations. One for solving in the sense of the regular zeros,{} and the other for solving in the sense of the Zariski closure. Both produce square-free regular sets. Moreover,{} the decompositions do not contain any redundant component. However,{} only zero-dimensional regular sets are normalized,{} since normalization may be time consumming in positive dimension. The decomposition process is that of [2].\\newline References : \\indented{1}{[1] \\spad{D}. LAZARD \"A new method for solving algebraic systems of} \\indented{5}{positive dimension\" Discr. App. Math. 33:147-160,{}1991} \\indented{1}{[2] \\spad{M}. MORENO MAZA \"A new algorithm for computing triangular} \\indented{5}{decomposition of algebraic varieties\" NAG Tech. Rep. 4/98.}")) (|zeroSetSplit| (((|List| |#6|) (|List| |#4|) (|Boolean|)) "\\axiom{zeroSetSplit(lp,{}clos?)} has the same specifications as \\axiomOpFrom{zeroSetSplit(lp,{}clos?)}{RegularTriangularSetCategory}.")) (|normalizeIfCan| ((|#6| |#6|) "\\axiom{normalizeIfCan(ts)} returns \\axiom{ts} in an normalized shape if \\axiom{ts} is zero-dimensional."))) @@ -2209,8 +2213,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|LieExponentials| |VarSet| R |Order|) -((|constructor| (NIL "Management of the Lie Group associated with a free nilpotent Lie algebra. Every Lie bracket with length greater than \\axiom{Order} are assumed to be null. The implementation inherits from the \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial} domain constructor: Lyndon coordinates are exponential coordinates of the second kind. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|identification| (((|List| (|Equation| |#2|)) $ $) "\\axiom{identification(\\spad{g},{}\\spad{h})} returns the list of equations \\axiom{g_i = h_i},{} where \\axiom{g_i} (resp. \\axiom{h_i}) are exponential coordinates of \\axiom{\\spad{g}} (resp. \\axiom{\\spad{h}}).")) (|LyndonCoordinates| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) (|:| |c| |#2|))) $) "\\axiom{LyndonCoordinates(\\spad{g})} returns the exponential coordinates of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|LyndonBasis| (((|List| (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) (|List| |#1|)) "\\axiom{LyndonBasis(lv)} returns the Lyndon basis of the nilpotent free Lie algebra.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{g})} returns the list of variables of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{g})} is the mirror of the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|coerce| (((|XPBWPolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{g})} returns the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.") (((|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{g})} returns the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|ListOfTerms| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|PoincareBirkhoffWittLyndonBasis| |#1|)) (|:| |c| |#2|))) $) "\\axiom{ListOfTerms(\\spad{p})} returns the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|log| (((|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{log(\\spad{p})} returns the logarithm of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|exp| (($ (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\axiom{exp(\\spad{p})} returns the exponential of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "Management of the Lie Group associated with a free nilpotent Lie algebra. Every Lie bracket with length greater than \\axiom{Order} are assumed to be null. The implementation inherits from the \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial} domain constructor: Lyndon coordinates are exponential coordinates of the second kind. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|identification| (((|List| (|Equation| |#2|)) $ $) "\\axiom{identification(\\spad{g},{}\\spad{h})} returns the list of equations \\axiom{g_i = h_i},{} where \\axiom{g_i} (resp. \\axiom{h_i}) are exponential coordinates of \\axiom{\\spad{g}} (resp. \\axiom{\\spad{h}}).")) (|LyndonCoordinates| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) (|:| |c| |#2|))) $) "\\axiom{LyndonCoordinates(\\spad{g})} returns the exponential coordinates of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|LyndonBasis| (((|List| (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) (|List| |#1|)) "\\axiom{LyndonBasis(lv)} returns the Lyndon basis of the nilpotent free Lie algebra.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{g})} returns the list of variables of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{g})} is the mirror of the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{g}}.")) (|ListOfTerms| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|PoincareBirkhoffWittLyndonBasis| |#1|)) (|:| |c| |#2|))) $) "\\axiom{ListOfTerms(\\spad{p})} returns the internal representation of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|log| (((|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{log(\\spad{p})} returns the logarithm of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|exp| (($ (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\axiom{exp(\\spad{p})} returns the exponential of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}."))) +NIL NIL (|LexTriangularPackage| R |ls|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A package for solving polynomial systems with finitely many solutions. The decompositions are given by means of regular triangular sets. The computations use lexicographical Groebner bases. The main operations are \\axiomOpFrom{lexTriangular}{LexTriangularPackage} and \\axiomOpFrom{squareFreeLexTriangular}{LexTriangularPackage}. The second one provide decompositions by means of square-free regular triangular sets. Both are based on the {\\em lexTriangular} method described in [1]. They differ from the algorithm described in [2] by the fact that multiciplities of the roots are not kept. With the \\axiomOpFrom{squareFreeLexTriangular}{LexTriangularPackage} operation all multiciplities are removed. With the other operation some multiciplities may remain. Both operations admit an optional argument to produce normalized triangular sets. \\newline")) (|zeroSetSplit| (((|List| (|SquareFreeRegularTriangularSet| |#1| (|IndexedExponents| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)) (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|) (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)))) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) (|Boolean|)) "\\axiom{zeroSetSplit(lp,{} norm?)} decomposes the variety associated with \\axiom{lp} into square-free regular chains. Thus a point belongs to this variety iff it is a regular zero of a regular set in in the output. Note that \\axiom{lp} needs to generate a zero-dimensional ideal. If \\axiom{norm?} is \\axiom{\\spad{true}} then the regular sets are normalized.") (((|List| (|RegularChain| |#1| |#2|)) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) (|Boolean|)) "\\axiom{zeroSetSplit(lp,{} norm?)} decomposes the variety associated with \\axiom{lp} into regular chains. Thus a point belongs to this variety iff it is a regular zero of a regular set in in the output. Note that \\axiom{lp} needs to generate a zero-dimensional ideal. If \\axiom{norm?} is \\axiom{\\spad{true}} then the regular sets are normalized.")) (|squareFreeLexTriangular| (((|List| (|SquareFreeRegularTriangularSet| |#1| (|IndexedExponents| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)) (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|) (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)))) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) (|Boolean|)) "\\axiom{squareFreeLexTriangular(base,{} norm?)} decomposes the variety associated with \\axiom{base} into square-free regular chains. Thus a point belongs to this variety iff it is a regular zero of a regular set in in the output. Note that \\axiom{base} needs to be a lexicographical Groebner basis of a zero-dimensional ideal. If \\axiom{norm?} is \\axiom{\\spad{true}} then the regular sets are normalized.")) (|lexTriangular| (((|List| (|RegularChain| |#1| |#2|)) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) (|Boolean|)) "\\axiom{lexTriangular(base,{} norm?)} decomposes the variety associated with \\axiom{base} into regular chains. Thus a point belongs to this variety iff it is a regular zero of a regular set in in the output. Note that \\axiom{base} needs to be a lexicographical Groebner basis of a zero-dimensional ideal. If \\axiom{norm?} is \\axiom{\\spad{true}} then the regular sets are normalized.")) (|groebner| (((|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)))) "\\axiom{groebner(lp)} returns the lexicographical Groebner basis of \\axiom{lp}. If \\axiom{lp} generates a zero-dimensional ideal then the {\\em FGLM} strategy is used,{} otherwise the {\\em Sugar} strategy is used.")) (|fglmIfCan| (((|Union| (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|))) "failed") (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)))) "\\axiom{fglmIfCan(lp)} returns the lexicographical Groebner basis of \\axiom{lp} by using the {\\em FGLM} strategy,{} if \\axiom{zeroDimensional?(lp)} holds .")) (|zeroDimensional?| (((|Boolean|) (|List| (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| |#1| (|OrderedVariableList| |#2|)))) "\\axiom{zeroDimensional?(lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{lp} generates a zero-dimensional ideal \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the variables involved in \\axiom{lp}."))) @@ -2234,15 +2238,15 @@ NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| #1=(|Record| (|:| |key| #2=(|String|)) (|:| |entry| #3=(|Any|))) (QUOTE (|Evalable| #1#))) #4=(|HasCategory| #1# #5=(QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) (OR #6=(|HasCategory| #3# #5#) #4#) (OR #7=(|HasCategory| #3# #8=(QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #9=(|HasCategory| #1# #8#) #4#) (OR #10=(|HasCategory| #1# #11=(QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #12=(|HasCategory| #3# #11#)) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (AND (|HasCategory| #3# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #3#))) #6#) #9# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #7# (OR #7# #9#) #6# #12# #10# #4# (AND #13=(|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|FiniteAggregate| #1#))) #9#) #13# (AND (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|FiniteAggregate| #3#))) #7#) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|ShallowlyMutableAggregate| #3#)))) (|AssociatedLieAlgebra| R A) ((|constructor| (NIL "AssociatedLieAlgebra takes an algebra \\spad{A} and uses \\spadfun{*\\$A} to define the Lie bracket \\spad{a*b := (a *\\$A b - b *\\$A a)} (commutator). Note that the notation \\spad{[a,b]} cannot be used due to restrictions of the current compiler. This domain only gives a Lie algebra if the Jacobi-identity \\spad{(a*b)*c + (b*c)*a + (c*a)*b = 0} holds for all \\spad{a},{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{c} in \\spad{A}. This relation can be checked by \\spad{lieAdmissible?()\\$A}. \\blankline If the underlying algebra is of type \\spadtype{FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra(R)} (\\spadignore{i.e.} a non associative algebra over \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank,{} together with a fixed \\spad{R}-module basis),{} then the same is \\spad{true} for the associated Lie algebra. Also,{} if the underlying algebra is of type \\spadtype{FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra(R)} (\\spadignore{i.e.} a non associative algebra over \\spad{R} which is a free \\spad{R}-module of finite rank),{} then the same is \\spad{true} for the associated Lie algebra.")) (|coerce| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{coerce(a)} coerces the element \\spad{a} of the algebra \\spad{A} to an element of the Lie algebra \\spadtype{AssociatedLieAlgebra}(\\spad{R},{}A)."))) -((|unitsKnown| OR (|and| (|has| |#2| (|FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra| |#1|)) #1=(|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) (AND (|has| |#2| (|FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra| |#1|)) #1#)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteRankNonAssociativeAlgebra|) #2=(|devaluate| |#1|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |FramedNonAssociativeAlgebra|) #2#))) #3# (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #3#) (OR (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (AND #4# #3#)) #1#) (|LieAlgebra&| S R) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\axiom{JacobiIdentity} means that \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}[\\spad{y},{}\\spad{z}]]+[\\spad{y},{}[\\spad{z},{}\\spad{x}]]+[\\spad{z},{}[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]] = 0} holds.")) (/ (($ $ |#2|) "\\axiom{x/r} returns the division of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}}.")) (|construct| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} and \\axiom{\\spad{y}}."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of Lie Algebras. It is used by the following domains of non-commutative algebra: \\axiomType{LiePolynomial} and \\axiomType{XPBWPolynomial}. \\newline Author : Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (/ (($ $ |#2|) "\\axiom{x/r} returns the division of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}}.")) (|construct| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} and \\axiom{\\spad{y}}."))) NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|LieAlgebra| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\axiom{JacobiIdentity} means that \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}[\\spad{y},{}\\spad{z}]]+[\\spad{y},{}[\\spad{z},{}\\spad{x}]]+[\\spad{z},{}[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]] = 0} holds.")) (/ (($ $ |#1|) "\\axiom{x/r} returns the division of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}}.")) (|construct| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} and \\axiom{\\spad{y}}."))) -((|JacobiIdentity| . T) (|NullSquare| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of Lie Algebras. It is used by the following domains of non-commutative algebra: \\axiomType{LiePolynomial} and \\axiomType{XPBWPolynomial}. \\newline Author : Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (/ (($ $ |#1|) "\\axiom{x/r} returns the division of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}}.")) (|construct| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} and \\axiom{\\spad{y}}."))) +NIL NIL (|PowerSeriesLimitPackage| R FE) ((|constructor| (NIL "PowerSeriesLimitPackage implements limits of expressions in one or more variables as one of the variables approaches a limiting value. Included are two-sided limits,{} left- and right- hand limits,{} and limits at plus or minus infinity.")) (|complexLimit| (((|Union| (|OnePointCompletion| |#2|) "failed") |#2| (|Equation| (|OnePointCompletion| |#2|))) "\\spad{complexLimit(f(x),x = a)} computes the complex limit \\spad{lim(x -> a,f(x))}.")) (|limit| (((|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) #1="failed") |#2| (|Equation| |#2|) (|String|)) "\\spad{limit(f(x),x=a,\"left\")} computes the left hand real limit \\spad{lim(x -> a-,f(x))}; \\spad{limit(f(x),x=a,\"right\")} computes the right hand real limit \\spad{lim(x -> a+,f(x))}.") (((|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Record| (|:| |leftHandLimit| (|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) #1#)) (|:| |rightHandLimit| (|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) #1#))) "failed") |#2| (|Equation| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|))) "\\spad{limit(f(x),x = a)} computes the real limit \\spad{lim(x -> a,f(x))}."))) @@ -2262,7 +2266,7 @@ NIL ((|not| #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) #1#) (|LinearElement| K B) ((|constructor| (NIL "A simple data structure for elements that form a vector space of finite dimension over a given field,{} with a given symbolic basis.")) (|coordinates| (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coordinates x} returns the coordinates of the linear element with respect to the basis \\spad{B}.")) (|linearElement| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{linearElement [x1,..,xn]} returns a linear element \\indented{1}{with coordinates \\spad{[x1,..,xn]} with respect to} the basis elements \\spad{B}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #1=(QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| (|LinearBasis| |#2|) #1#))) (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "An extension of left-module with an explicit linear dependence test.")) (|reducedSystem| (((|Record| (|:| |mat| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|:| |vec| (|Vector| |#1|))) (|Matrix| $) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{reducedSystem(A, v)} returns a matrix \\spad{B} and a vector \\spad{w} such that \\spad{A x = v} and \\spad{B x = w} have the same solutions in \\spad{R}.") (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Matrix| $)) "\\spad{reducedSystem(A)} returns a matrix \\spad{B} such that \\spad{A x = 0} and \\spad{B x = 0} have the same solutions in \\spad{R}.")) (|leftReducedSystem| (((|Record| (|:| |mat| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|:| |vec| (|Vector| |#1|))) (|Vector| $) $) "\\spad{reducedSystem([v1,...,vn],u)} returns a matrix \\spad{M} with coefficients in \\spad{R} and a vector \\spad{w} such that the system of equations \\spad{c1*v1 + ... + cn*vn = u} has the same solution as \\spad{c * M = w} where \\spad{c} is the row vector \\spad{[c1,...cn]}.") (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $)) "\\spad{leftReducedSystem [v1,...,vn]} returns a matrix \\spad{M} with coefficients in \\spad{R} such that the system of equations \\spad{c1*v1 + ... + cn*vn = 0\\$\\%} has the same solution as \\spad{c * M = 0} where \\spad{c} is the row vector \\spad{[c1,...cn]}."))) @@ -2270,7 +2274,7 @@ NIL NIL (|LinearForm| K B) ((|constructor| (NIL "A simple data structure for linear forms on a vector space of finite dimension over a given field,{} with a given symbolic basis.")) (|coordinates| (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coordinates x} returns the coordinates of the linear form with respect to the basis \\spad{DualBasis B}.")) (|linearForm| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{linearForm [x1,..,xn]} constructs a linear form with coordinates \\spad{[x1,..,xn]} with respect to the basis elements \\spad{DualBasis B}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|LinearSet| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{A set is an \\spad{S}-linear set if it is stable by dilation} \\indented{2}{by elements in the semigroup \\spad{S}.} See Also: LeftLinearSet,{} RightLinearSet."))) @@ -2322,7 +2326,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Localize| M R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Localize(\\spad{M},{}\\spad{R},{}\\spad{S}) produces fractions with numerators from an \\spad{R} module \\spad{M} and denominators from some multiplicative subset \\spad{D} of \\spad{R}.")) (|denom| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{denom x} returns the denominator of \\spad{x}.")) (|numer| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{numer x} returns the numerator of \\spad{x}.")) (/ (($ |#1| |#3|) "\\spad{m / d} divides the element \\spad{m} by \\spad{d}.") (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{x / d} divides the element \\spad{x} by \\spad{d}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianGroup|)))) (|ElementaryFunctionLODESolver| R F L) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{ElementaryFunctionLODESolver} provides the top-level functions for finding closed form solutions of linear ordinary differential equations and initial value problems.")) (|solve| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") |#3| |#2| (|Symbol|) |#2| (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{solve(op, g, x, a, [y0,...,ym])} returns either the solution of the initial value problem \\spad{op y = g, y(a) = y0, y'(a) = y1,...} or \"failed\" if the solution cannot be found; \\spad{x} is the dependent variable.") (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |particular| |#2|) (|:| |basis| (|List| |#2|))) "failed") |#3| |#2| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{solve(op, g, x)} returns either a solution of the ordinary differential equation \\spad{op y = g} or \"failed\" if no non-trivial solution can be found; When found,{} the solution is returned in the form \\spad{[h, [b1,...,bm]]} where \\spad{h} is a particular solution and and \\spad{[b1,...bm]} are linearly independent solutions of the associated homogenuous equation \\spad{op y = 0}. A full basis for the solutions of the homogenuous equation is not always returned,{} only the solutions which were found; \\spad{x} is the dependent variable."))) @@ -2330,15 +2334,15 @@ NIL NIL (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator| A |diff|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator} defines a ring of differential operators with coefficients in a ring A with a given derivation. Multiplication of operators corresponds to functional composition: \\indented{4}{\\spad{(L1 * L2).(f) = L1 L2 f}}"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| A) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1} defines a ring of differential operators with coefficients in a differential ring A. Multiplication of operators corresponds to functional composition: \\indented{4}{\\spad{(L1 * L2).(f) = L1 L2 f}}"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator2| A M) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator2} defines a ring of differential operators with coefficients in a differential ring A and acting on an A-module \\spad{M}. Multiplication of operators corresponds to functional composition: \\indented{4}{\\spad{(L1 * L2).(f) = L1 L2 f}}")) (|differentiate| (($ $) "\\spad{differentiate(x)} returns the derivative of \\spad{x}"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory&| S A) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory} is the category of differential operators with coefficients in a ring A with a given derivation. Multiplication of operators corresponds to functional composition: \\indented{4}{\\spad{(L1 * L2).(f) = L1 L2 f}}")) (|directSum| (($ $ $) "\\spad{directSum(a,b)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the sums of a solution of \\spad{a} by a solution of \\spad{b}.")) (|symmetricSquare| (($ $) "\\spad{symmetricSquare(a)} computes \\spad{symmetricProduct(a,a)} using a more efficient method.")) (|symmetricPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{symmetricPower(a,n)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the products of \\spad{n} solutions of \\spad{a}.")) (|symmetricProduct| (($ $ $) "\\spad{symmetricProduct(a,b)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the products of a solution of \\spad{a} by a solution of \\spad{b}.")) (|adjoint| (($ $) "\\spad{adjoint(a)} returns the adjoint operator of a.")) (D (($) "\\spad{D()} provides the operator corresponding to a derivation in the ring \\spad{A}."))) @@ -2346,7 +2350,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory| A) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory} is the category of differential operators with coefficients in a ring A with a given derivation. Multiplication of operators corresponds to functional composition: \\indented{4}{\\spad{(L1 * L2).(f) = L1 L2 f}}")) (|directSum| (($ $ $) "\\spad{directSum(a,b)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the sums of a solution of \\spad{a} by a solution of \\spad{b}.")) (|symmetricSquare| (($ $) "\\spad{symmetricSquare(a)} computes \\spad{symmetricProduct(a,a)} using a more efficient method.")) (|symmetricPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{symmetricPower(a,n)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the products of \\spad{n} solutions of \\spad{a}.")) (|symmetricProduct| (($ $ $) "\\spad{symmetricProduct(a,b)} computes an operator \\spad{c} of minimal order such that the nullspace of \\spad{c} is generated by all the products of a solution of \\spad{a} by a solution of \\spad{b}.")) (|adjoint| (($ $) "\\spad{adjoint(a)} returns the adjoint operator of a.")) (D (($) "\\spad{D()} provides the operator corresponding to a derivation in the ring \\spad{A}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorFactorizer| F UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorFactorizer} provides a factorizer for linear ordinary differential operators whose coefficients are rational functions.")) (|factor1| (((|List| (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{factor1(a)} returns the factorisation of a,{} assuming that a has no first-order right factor.")) (|factor| (((|List| (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|))) "\\spad{factor(a)} returns the factorisation of a.") (((|List| (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|))) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| (|Fraction| |#2|)) (|Mapping| (|List| |#1|) |#2|)) "\\spad{factor(a, zeros)} returns the factorisation of a. \\spad{zeros} is a zero finder in \\spad{UP}."))) @@ -2370,7 +2374,7 @@ NIL NIL (|LiePolynomial| |VarSet| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This type supports Lie polynomials in Lyndon basis see Free Lie Algebras by \\spad{C}. Reutenauer (Oxford science publications). \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|construct| (($ $ (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]}.") (($ (|LyndonWord| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]}.") (($ (|LyndonWord| |#1|) (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) "\\axiom{construct(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns the Lie bracket \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]}.")) (|LiePolyIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\axiom{LiePolyIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in Lyndon basis if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is a Lie polynomial,{} otherwise \\axiom{\"failed\"} is returned."))) -((|JacobiIdentity| . T) (|NullSquare| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|ListAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A list aggregate is a model for a linked list data structure. A linked list is a versatile data structure. Insertion and deletion are efficient and searching is a linear operation.")) (|list| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{list(x)} returns the list of one element \\spad{x}."))) @@ -2394,14 +2398,14 @@ NIL NIL (|LieSquareMatrix| |n| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "LieSquareMatrix(\\spad{n},{}\\spad{R}) implements the Lie algebra of the \\spad{n} by \\spad{n} matrices over the commutative ring \\spad{R}. The Lie bracket (commutator) of the algebra is given by \\spad{a*b := (a *\\$SQMATRIX(n,R) b - b *\\$SQMATRIX(n,R) a)},{} where \\spadfun{*\\$SQMATRIX(\\spad{n},{}\\spad{R})} is the usual matrix multiplication."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #4=(|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE (|commutative| "*"))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #6=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #6#))) (OR (AND #3# #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #5# #7#) (AND #1# #7#) #8=(AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #7#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #4# #3# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #9# #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) +NIL +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE (|commutative| "*"))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #5=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #5#))) (OR (AND #3# #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4# #6#) (AND #1# #6#) #7=(AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #6#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #7# #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|ConstructAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents `literal sequence' syntax.")) (|elements| (((|List| (|SpadAst|)) $) "\\spad{elements(e)} returns the list of expressions in the `literal' list `e'."))) NIL NIL (|LyndonWord| |VarSet|) -((|constructor| (NIL "Lyndon words over arbitrary (ordered) symbols: see Free Lie Algebras by \\spad{C}. Reutenauer (Oxford science publications). A Lyndon word is a word which is smaller than any of its right factors \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the pure lexicographical ordering. If \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are two Lyndon words such that \\axiom{a < \\spad{b}} holds \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} lexicographical ordering then \\axiom{a*b} is a Lyndon word. Parenthesized Lyndon words can be generated from symbols by using the following rule: \\axiom{[[a,{}\\spad{b}],{}\\spad{c}]} is a Lyndon word iff \\axiom{a*b < \\spad{c} <= \\spad{b}} holds. Lyndon words are internally represented by binary trees using the \\spadtype{Magma} domain constructor. Two ordering are provided: lexicographic and length-lexicographic. \\newline Author : Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|LyndonWordsList| (((|List| $) (|List| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{LyndonWordsList(vl,{} \\spad{n})} returns the list of Lyndon words over the alphabet \\axiom{vl},{} up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|LyndonWordsList1| (((|OneDimensionalArray| (|List| $)) (|List| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{\\spad{LyndonWordsList1}(vl,{} \\spad{n})} returns an array of lists of Lyndon words over the alphabet \\axiom{vl},{} up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|lyndonIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndonIfCan(\\spad{w})} convert \\axiom{\\spad{w}} into a Lyndon word.")) (|lyndon| (($ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndon(\\spad{w})} convert \\axiom{\\spad{w}} into a Lyndon word,{} error if \\axiom{\\spad{w}} is not a Lyndon word.")) (|lyndon?| (((|Boolean|) (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndon?(\\spad{w})} test if \\axiom{\\spad{w}} is a Lyndon word.")) (|factor| (((|List| $) (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{factor(\\spad{x})} returns the decreasing factorization into Lyndon words.")) (|coerce| (((|Magma| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns the element of \\axiomType{Magma}(VarSet) corresponding to \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.") (((|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns the element of \\axiomType{OrderedFreeMonoid}(VarSet) corresponding to \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|lexico| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{lexico(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} iff \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is smaller than \\axiom{\\spad{y}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the lexicographical ordering induced by \\axiom{VarSet}.")) (|length| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\axiom{length(\\spad{x})} returns the number of entries in \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|right| (($ $) "\\axiom{right(\\spad{x})} returns right subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{LyndonWord}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|left| (($ $) "\\axiom{left(\\spad{x})} returns left subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{LyndonWord}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{retractable?(\\spad{x})} tests if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is a tree with only one entry."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "Lyndon words over arbitrary (ordered) symbols: see Free Lie Algebras by \\spad{C}. Reutenauer (Oxford science publications). A Lyndon word is a word which is smaller than any of its right factors \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the pure lexicographical ordering. If \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are two Lyndon words such that \\axiom{a < \\spad{b}} holds \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} lexicographical ordering then \\axiom{a*b} is a Lyndon word. Parenthesized Lyndon words can be generated from symbols by using the following rule: \\axiom{[[a,{}\\spad{b}],{}\\spad{c}]} is a Lyndon word iff \\axiom{a*b < \\spad{c} <= \\spad{b}} holds. Lyndon words are internally represented by binary trees using the \\spadtype{FreeMagma} domain constructor. Two ordering are provided: lexicographic and length-lexicographic. \\newline Author : Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|LyndonWordsList| (((|List| $) (|List| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{LyndonWordsList(vl,{} \\spad{n})} returns the list of Lyndon words over the alphabet \\axiom{vl},{} up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|LyndonWordsList1| (((|OneDimensionalArray| (|List| $)) (|List| |#1|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{\\spad{LyndonWordsList1}(vl,{} \\spad{n})} returns an array of lists of Lyndon words over the alphabet \\axiom{vl},{} up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|lyndonIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndonIfCan(\\spad{w})} convert \\axiom{\\spad{w}} into a Lyndon word.")) (|lyndon| (($ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndon(\\spad{w})} convert \\axiom{\\spad{w}} into a Lyndon word,{} error if \\axiom{\\spad{w}} is not a Lyndon word.")) (|lyndon?| (((|Boolean|) (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{lyndon?(\\spad{w})} test if \\axiom{\\spad{w}} is a Lyndon word.")) (|factor| (((|List| $) (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\axiom{factor(\\spad{x})} returns the decreasing factorization into Lyndon words.")) (|lexico| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{lexico(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} iff \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is smaller than \\axiom{\\spad{y}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the lexicographical ordering induced by \\axiom{VarSet}.")) (|length| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\axiom{length(\\spad{x})} returns the number of entries in \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|right| (($ $) "\\axiom{right(\\spad{x})} returns right subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{LyndonWord}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|left| (($ $) "\\axiom{left(\\spad{x})} returns left subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{LyndonWord}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{retractable?(\\spad{x})} tests if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is a tree with only one entry."))) NIL NIL (|LazyStreamAggregate&| A S) @@ -2416,10 +2420,6 @@ NIL ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents the syntax of a macro definition.")) (|body| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{body(m)} returns the right hand side of the definition `m'.")) (|head| (((|HeadAst|) $) "\\spad{head(m)} returns the head of the macro definition `m'. This is a list of identifiers starting with the name of the macro followed by the name of the parameters,{} if any."))) NIL NIL -(|Magma| |VarSet|) -((|constructor| (NIL "This type is the basic representation of parenthesized words (binary trees over arbitrary symbols) useful in \\spadtype{LiePolynomial}. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{varList(\\spad{x})} returns the list of distinct entries of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|right| (($ $) "\\axiom{right(\\spad{x})} returns right subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{Magma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{retractable?(\\spad{x})} tests if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is a tree with only one entry.")) (|rest| (($ $) "\\axiom{rest(\\spad{x})} return \\axiom{\\spad{x}} without the first entry or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{Magma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\axiom{mirror(\\spad{x})} returns the reversed word of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}. That is \\axiom{\\spad{x}} itself if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{Magma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true} and \\axiom{mirror(\\spad{z}) * mirror(\\spad{y})} if \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is \\axiom{y*z}.")) (|lexico| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{lexico(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{true}} iff \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is smaller than \\axiom{\\spad{y}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the lexicographical ordering induced by \\axiom{VarSet}. \\spad{N}.\\spad{B}. This operation does not take into account the tree structure of its arguments. Thus this is not a total ordering.")) (|length| (((|PositiveInteger|) $) "\\axiom{length(\\spad{x})} returns the number of entries in \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|left| (($ $) "\\axiom{left(\\spad{x})} returns left subtree of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} or error if \\axiomOpFrom{retractable?}{Magma}(\\axiom{\\spad{x}}) is \\spad{true}.")) (|first| ((|#1| $) "\\axiom{first(\\spad{x})} returns the first entry of the tree \\axiom{\\spad{x}}.")) (|coerce| (((|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{x})} returns the element of \\axiomType{OrderedFreeMonoid}(VarSet) corresponding to \\axiom{\\spad{x}} by removing parentheses.")) (* (($ $ $) "\\axiom{x*y} returns the tree \\axiom{[\\spad{x},{}\\spad{y}]}."))) -NIL -NIL (|MappingPackageInternalHacks1| A) ((|constructor| (NIL "various Currying operations.")) (|recur| ((|#1| (|Mapping| |#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{recur(n,g,x)} is \\spad{g(n,g(n-1,..g(1,x)..))}.")) (|iter| ((|#1| (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{iter(f,n,x)} applies \\spad{f n} times to \\spad{x}."))) NIL @@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@ NIL (|Maybe| T$) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements the notion of optional value,{} where a computation may fail to produce expected value.")) (|nothing| (($) "\\spad{nothing} represents failure or absence of value.")) (|autoCoerce| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{autoCoerce} is a courtesy coercion function used by the compiler in case it knows that `x' really is a \\spadtype{T}.")) (|case| (((|Boolean|) $ (|[\|\|]| |nothing|)) "\\spad{x case nothing} holds if the value for \\spad{x} is missing.") (((|Boolean|) $ (|[\|\|]| |#1|)) "\\spad{x case T} returns \\spad{true} if \\spad{x} is actually a data of type \\spad{T}.")) (|just| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{just x} injects the value `x' into \\%."))) NIL -NIL +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|))))) (|MatrixCommonDenominator| R Q) ((|constructor| (NIL "MatrixCommonDenominator provides functions to compute the common denominator of a matrix of elements of the quotient field of an integral domain.")) (|splitDenominator| (((|Record| (|:| |num| (|Matrix| |#1|)) (|:| |den| |#1|)) (|Matrix| |#2|)) "\\spad{splitDenominator(q)} returns \\spad{[p, d]} such that \\spad{q = p/d} and \\spad{d} is a common denominator for the elements of \\spad{q}.")) (|clearDenominator| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Matrix| |#2|)) "\\spad{clearDenominator(q)} returns \\spad{p} such that \\spad{q = p/d} where \\spad{d} is a common denominator for the elements of \\spad{q}.")) (|commonDenominator| ((|#1| (|Matrix| |#2|)) "\\spad{commonDenominator(q)} returns a common denominator \\spad{d} for the elements of \\spad{q}."))) NIL @@ -2526,7 +2526,7 @@ NIL NIL (|MonogenicLinearOperator| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of linear operator rings with one generator. The generator is not named by the category but can always be constructed as \\spad{monomial(1,1)}. \\blankline For convenience,{} call the generator \\spad{G}. Then each value is equal to \\indented{4}{\\spad{sum(a(i)*G**i, i = 0..n)}} for some unique \\spad{n} and \\spad{a(i)} in \\spad{R}. \\blankline Note that multiplication is not necessarily commutative. In fact,{} if \\spad{a} is in \\spad{R},{} it is quite normal to have \\spad{a*G \\~= G*a}.")) (|monomial| (($ |#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{monomial(c,k)} produces \\spad{c} times the \\spad{k}-th power of the generating operator,{} \\spad{monomial(1,1)}.")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(l,k)} is \\spad{a(k)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(l)} is \\spad{l - monomial(a(n),n)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(l)} is \\spad{a(n)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|minimumDegree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{minimumDegree(l)} is the smallest \\spad{k} such that \\spad{a(k) \\~= 0} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(l)} is \\spad{n} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|MultipleMap| R1 UP1 UPUP1 R2 UP2 UPUP2) ((|constructor| (NIL "Lifting of a map through 2 levels of polynomials.")) (|map| ((|#6| (|Mapping| |#4| |#1|) |#3|) "\\spad{map(f, p)} lifts \\spad{f} to the domain of \\spad{p} then applies it to \\spad{p}."))) @@ -2537,24 +2537,24 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|ModularField| R |Mod| |reduction| |merge| |exactQuo|) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{These domains are used for the factorization and gcds} of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{ModularRing},{} \\spadtype{EuclideanModularRing}")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|coerce| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{These domains are used for the factorization and gcds} of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{ModularRing},{} \\spadtype{EuclideanModularRing}")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|ModMonic| R P) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package \\undocumented")) (|frobenius| (($ $) "\\spad{frobenius(x)} \\undocumented")) (|computePowers| (((|PrimitiveArray| $)) "\\spad{computePowers()} \\undocumented")) (|pow| (((|PrimitiveArray| $)) "\\spad{pow()} \\undocumented")) (|An| (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{An(x)} \\undocumented")) (|UnVectorise| (($ (|Vector| |#1|)) "\\spad{UnVectorise(v)} \\undocumented")) (|Vectorise| (((|Vector| |#1|) $) "\\spad{Vectorise(x)} \\undocumented")) (|lift| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{lift(x)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(x)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#2|) "\\spad{modulus()} \\undocumented")) (|setPoly| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{setPoly(x)} \\undocumented"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #20# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #20# #14#)) (|ModuleMonomial| IS E |ff|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package \\undocumented")) (|construct| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{construct(i,e)} \\undocumented")) (|index| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{index(x)} \\undocumented")) (|exponent| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{exponent(x)} \\undocumented"))) NIL NIL (|ModuleOperator| R M) ((|constructor| (NIL "Algebra of ADDITIVE operators on a module.")) (|makeop| (($ |#1| (|FreeGroup| (|BasicOperator|))) "\\spad{makeop should} be local but conditional")) (|opeval| ((|#2| (|BasicOperator|) |#2|) "\\spad{opeval should} be local but conditional")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{op**n} \\undocumented") (($ (|BasicOperator|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{op**n} \\undocumented")) (|evaluateInverse| (($ $ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{evaluateInverse(x,f)} \\undocumented")) (|evaluate| (($ $ (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{evaluate(f, u +-> g u)} attaches the map \\spad{g} to \\spad{f}. \\spad{f} must be a basic operator \\spad{g} MUST be additive,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{g(a + b) = g(a) + g(b)} for any \\spad{a},{} \\spad{b} in \\spad{M}. This implies that \\spad{g(n a) = n g(a)} for any \\spad{a} in \\spad{M} and integer \\spad{n > 0}.")) (|conjug| ((|#1| |#1|) "\\spad{conjug(x)}should be local but conditional")) (|adjoint| (($ $ $) "\\spad{adjoint(op1, op2)} sets the adjoint of \\spad{op1} to be \\spad{op2}. \\spad{op1} must be a basic operator") (($ $) "\\spad{adjoint(op)} returns the adjoint of the operator \\spad{op}."))) -((|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) (|ModularRing| R |Mod| |reduction| |merge| |exactQuo|) -((|constructor| (NIL "These domains are used for the factorization and gcds of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{EuclideanModularRing} ,{}\\spadtype{ModularField}")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} \\undocumented")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} \\undocumented")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|coerce| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "These domains are used for the factorization and gcds of univariate polynomials over the integers in order to work modulo different primes. See \\spadtype{EuclideanModularRing} ,{}\\spadtype{ModularField}")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(x)} \\undocumented")) (|exQuo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{exQuo(x,y)} \\undocumented")) (|reduce| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(r,m)} \\undocumented")) (|modulus| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{modulus(x)} \\undocumented"))) +NIL NIL (|Module&| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of modules over a commutative ring. \\blankline"))) @@ -2562,11 +2562,11 @@ NIL NIL (|Module| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of modules over a commutative ring. \\blankline"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|MoebiusTransform| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{MoebiusTransform(\\spad{F}) is the domain of fractional linear (Moebius)} transformations over \\spad{F}.")) (|eval| (((|OnePointCompletion| |#1|) $ (|OnePointCompletion| |#1|)) "\\spad{eval(m,x)} returns \\spad{(a*x + b)/(c*x + d)} where \\spad{m = moebius(a,b,c,d)} (see \\spadfunFrom{moebius}{MoebiusTransform}).") ((|#1| $ |#1|) "\\spad{eval(m,x)} returns \\spad{(a*x + b)/(c*x + d)} where \\spad{m = moebius(a,b,c,d)} (see \\spadfunFrom{moebius}{MoebiusTransform}).")) (|recip| (($ $) "\\spad{recip(m)} = recip() * \\spad{m}") (($) "\\spad{recip()} returns \\spad{matrix [[0,1],[1,0]]} representing the map \\spad{x -> 1 / x}.")) (|scale| (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{scale(m,h)} returns \\spad{scale(h) * m} (see \\spadfunFrom{shift}{MoebiusTransform}).") (($ |#1|) "\\spad{scale(k)} returns \\spad{matrix [[k,0],[0,1]]} representing the map \\spad{x -> k * x}.")) (|shift| (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{shift(m,h)} returns \\spad{shift(h) * m} (see \\spadfunFrom{shift}{MoebiusTransform}).") (($ |#1|) "\\spad{shift(k)} returns \\spad{matrix [[1,k],[0,1]]} representing the map \\spad{x -> x + k}.")) (|moebius| (($ |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{moebius(a,b,c,d)} returns \\spad{matrix [[a,b],[c,d]]}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|Monad&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Monad is the class of all multiplicative monads,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} sets with a binary operation.")) (** (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{a**n} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th power of \\spad{a},{} defined by repeated squaring.")) (|leftPower| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{leftPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th left power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{leftPower(a,n) := a * leftPower(a,n-1)} and \\spad{leftPower(a,1) := a}.")) (|rightPower| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{rightPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th right power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{rightPower(a,n) := rightPower(a,n-1) * a} and \\spad{rightPower(a,1) := a}.")) (* (($ $ $) "\\spad{a*b} is the product of \\spad{a} and \\spad{b} in a set with a binary operation."))) @@ -2577,11 +2577,11 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|MonadWithUnit&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{MonadWithUnit is the class of multiplicative monads with unit,{}} \\indented{1}{\\spadignore{i.e.} sets with a binary operation and a unit element.} Axioms \\indented{3}{leftIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{3}\\tab{30} 1*x=x} \\indented{3}{rightIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{2}\\tab{30} x*1=x} Common Additional Axioms \\indented{3}{unitsKnown---if \"recip\" says \"failed\",{} that PROVES input wasn't a unit}")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{a**n} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th power of \\spad{a},{} defined by repeated squaring.")) (|leftPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{leftPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th left power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{leftPower(a,n) := a * leftPower(a,n-1)} and \\spad{leftPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|rightPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rightPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th right power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{rightPower(a,n) := rightPower(a,n-1) * a} and \\spad{rightPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(a)} tests whether \\spad{a} is the unit 1.")) (|One| (($) "1 returns the unit element,{} denoted by 1."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{MonadWithUnit is the class of multiplicative monads with unit,{}} \\indented{1}{\\spadignore{i.e.} sets with a binary operation and a unit element.} Axioms \\indented{3}{leftIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{3}\\tab{30} 1*x=x} \\indented{3}{rightIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{2}\\tab{30} x*1=x}")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{a**n} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th power of \\spad{a},{} defined by repeated squaring.")) (|leftPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{leftPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th left power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{leftPower(a,n) := a * leftPower(a,n-1)} and \\spad{leftPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|rightPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rightPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th right power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{rightPower(a,n) := rightPower(a,n-1) * a} and \\spad{rightPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(a)} tests whether \\spad{a} is the unit 1.")) (|One| (($) "1 returns the unit element,{} denoted by 1."))) NIL NIL (|MonadWithUnit|) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{MonadWithUnit is the class of multiplicative monads with unit,{}} \\indented{1}{\\spadignore{i.e.} sets with a binary operation and a unit element.} Axioms \\indented{3}{leftIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{3}\\tab{30} 1*x=x} \\indented{3}{rightIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{2}\\tab{30} x*1=x} Common Additional Axioms \\indented{3}{unitsKnown---if \"recip\" says \"failed\",{} that PROVES input wasn't a unit}")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined (see unitsKnown).")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{a**n} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th power of \\spad{a},{} defined by repeated squaring.")) (|leftPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{leftPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th left power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{leftPower(a,n) := a * leftPower(a,n-1)} and \\spad{leftPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|rightPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rightPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th right power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{rightPower(a,n) := rightPower(a,n-1) * a} and \\spad{rightPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(a)} tests whether \\spad{a} is the unit 1.")) (|One| (($) "1 returns the unit element,{} denoted by 1."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{MonadWithUnit is the class of multiplicative monads with unit,{}} \\indented{1}{\\spadignore{i.e.} sets with a binary operation and a unit element.} Axioms \\indented{3}{leftIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{3}\\tab{30} 1*x=x} \\indented{3}{rightIdentity(\"*\":(\\%,{}\\%)->\\%,{}1)\\space{2}\\tab{30} x*1=x}")) (|rightRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{rightRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|leftRecip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{leftRecip(a)} returns an element,{} which is a left inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(a)} returns an element,{} which is both a left and a right inverse of \\spad{a},{} or \\spad{\"failed\"} if such an element doesn't exist or cannot be determined.")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{a**n} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th power of \\spad{a},{} defined by repeated squaring.")) (|leftPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{leftPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th left power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{leftPower(a,n) := a * leftPower(a,n-1)} and \\spad{leftPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|rightPower| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rightPower(a,n)} returns the \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th right power of \\spad{a},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{rightPower(a,n) := rightPower(a,n-1) * a} and \\spad{rightPower(a,0) := 1}.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(a)} tests whether \\spad{a} is the unit 1.")) (|One| (($) "1 returns the unit element,{} denoted by 1."))) NIL NIL (|MonogenicAlgebra&| S R UP) @@ -2590,14 +2590,14 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|MonogenicAlgebra| R UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "A \\spadtype{MonogenicAlgebra} is an algebra of finite rank which can be generated by a single element.")) (|derivationCoordinates| (((|Matrix| |#1|) (|Vector| $) (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{derivationCoordinates(b, ')} returns \\spad{M} such that \\spad{b' = M b}.")) (|lift| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{lift(z)} returns a minimal degree univariate polynomial up such that \\spad{z=reduce up}.")) (|convert| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{convert(up)} converts the univariate polynomial \\spad{up} to an algebra element,{} reducing by the \\spad{definingPolynomial()} if necessary.")) (|reduce| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Fraction| |#2|)) "\\spad{reduce(frac)} converts the fraction \\spad{frac} to an algebra element.") (($ |#2|) "\\spad{reduce(up)} converts the univariate polynomial \\spad{up} to an algebra element,{} reducing by the \\spad{definingPolynomial()} if necessary.")) (|definingPolynomial| ((|#2|) "\\spad{definingPolynomial()} returns the minimal polynomial which \\spad{generator()} satisfies.")) (|generator| (($) "\\spad{generator()} returns the generator for this domain."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|Monoid&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative monoids,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} semigroups with a multiplicative identity element. \\blankline")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} tries to compute the multiplicative inverse for \\spad{x} or \"failed\" if it cannot find the inverse (see unitsKnown).")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns the repeated product of \\spad{x} \\spad{n} times,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} exponentiation.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is equal to 1.")) (|sample| (($) "\\spad{sample yields} a value of type \\%")) (|One| (($) "1 is the multiplicative identity."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative monoids,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} semigroups with a multiplicative identity element. \\blankline")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} tries to compute the multiplicative inverse for \\spad{x} or \"failed\" if it cannot find the inverse.")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns the repeated product of \\spad{x} \\spad{n} times,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} exponentiation.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is equal to 1.")) (|sample| (($) "\\spad{sample yields} a value of type \\%")) (|One| (($) "1 is the multiplicative identity."))) NIL NIL (|Monoid|) -((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative monoids,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} semigroups with a multiplicative identity element. \\blankline")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} tries to compute the multiplicative inverse for \\spad{x} or \"failed\" if it cannot find the inverse (see unitsKnown).")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns the repeated product of \\spad{x} \\spad{n} times,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} exponentiation.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is equal to 1.")) (|sample| (($) "\\spad{sample yields} a value of type \\%")) (|One| (($) "1 is the multiplicative identity."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The class of multiplicative monoids,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} semigroups with a multiplicative identity element. \\blankline")) (|recip| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{recip(x)} tries to compute the multiplicative inverse for \\spad{x} or \"failed\" if it cannot find the inverse.")) (** (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{x**n} returns the repeated product of \\spad{x} \\spad{n} times,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} exponentiation.")) (|one?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{one?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is equal to 1.")) (|sample| (($) "\\spad{sample yields} a value of type \\%")) (|One| (($) "1 is the multiplicative identity."))) NIL NIL (|MonoidOperation| T$) @@ -2626,8 +2626,8 @@ NIL NIL (|MultivariatePolynomial| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type is the basic representation of sparse recursive multivariate} polynomials whose variables are from a user specified list of symbols. The ordering is specified by the position of the variable in the list. The coefficient ring may be non commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #16=(|Fraction| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #15# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #14#)) (OR #18# #13#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderedVariableList| |#1|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #14=(|Fraction| #9#)))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| #16=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #13# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #14#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #16#)) (OR #18# #15#)) (|MPolyCatRationalFunctionFactorizer| E OV R PRF) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{3}{This package exports a factor operation for multivariate polynomials} with coefficients which are rational functions over some ring \\spad{R} over which we can factor. It is used internally by packages such as primary decomposition which need to work with polynomials with rational function coefficients,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} themselves fractions of polynomials.")) (|factor| (((|Factored| |#4|) |#4|) "\\spad{factor(prf)} factors a polynomial with rational function coefficients.")) (|pushuconst| ((|#4| (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#3|)) |#2|) "\\spad{pushuconst(r,var)} takes a rational function and raises all occurances of the variable \\spad{var} to the polynomial level.")) (|pushucoef| ((|#4| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Polynomial| |#3|)) |#2|) "\\spad{pushucoef(upoly,var)} converts the anonymous univariate polynomial \\spad{upoly} to a polynomial in \\spad{var} over rational functions.")) (|pushup| ((|#4| |#4| |#2|) "\\spad{pushup(prf,var)} raises all occurences of the variable \\spad{var} in the coefficients of the polynomial \\spad{prf} back to the polynomial level.")) (|pushdterm| ((|#4| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|) |#2|) "\\spad{pushdterm(monom,var)} pushes all top level occurences of the variable \\spad{var} into the coefficient domain for the monomial \\spad{monom}.")) (|pushdown| ((|#4| |#4| |#2|) "\\spad{pushdown(prf,var)} pushes all top level occurences of the variable \\spad{var} into the coefficient domain for the polynomial \\spad{prf}.")) (|totalfract| (((|Record| (|:| |sup| (|Polynomial| |#3|)) (|:| |inf| (|Polynomial| |#3|))) |#4|) "\\spad{totalfract(prf)} takes a polynomial whose coefficients are themselves fractions of polynomials and returns a record containing the numerator and denominator resulting from putting \\spad{prf} over a common denominator.")) (|convert| (((|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{convert(x)} converts \\spad{x} to a symbol"))) NIL @@ -2642,7 +2642,7 @@ NIL NIL (|MonoidRing| R M) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{MonoidRing}(\\spad{R},{}\\spad{M}),{} implements the algebra of all maps from the monoid \\spad{M} to the commutative ring \\spad{R} with finite support. Multiplication of two maps \\spad{f} and \\spad{g} is defined to map an element \\spad{c} of \\spad{M} to the (convolution) sum over {\\em f(a)g(b)} such that {\\em ab = c}. Thus \\spad{M} can be identified with a canonical basis and the maps can also be considered as formal linear combinations of the elements in \\spad{M}. Scalar multiples of a basis element are called monomials. A prominent example is the class of polynomials where the monoid is a direct product of the natural numbers with pointwise addition. When \\spad{M} is \\spadtype{FreeMonoid Symbol},{} one gets polynomials in infinitely many non-commuting variables. Another application area is representation theory of finite groups \\spad{G},{} where modules over \\spadtype{MonoidRing}(\\spad{R},{}\\spad{G}) are studied.")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(f)} is \\spad{f} minus its leading monomial.")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(f)} gives the coefficient of \\spad{f},{} whose corresponding monoid element is the greatest among all those with non-zero coefficients.")) (|leadingMonomial| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{leadingMonomial(f)} gives the monomial of \\spad{f} whose corresponding monoid element is the greatest among all those with non-zero coefficients.")) (|numberOfMonomials| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfMonomials(f)} is the number of non-zero coefficients with respect to the canonical basis.")) (|monomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{monomials(f)} gives the list of all monomials whose sum is \\spad{f}.")) (|coefficients| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(f)} lists all non-zero coefficients.")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(f)} tests if \\spad{f} is a single monomial.")) (|terms| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |coef| |#1|) (|:| |monom| |#2|))) $) "\\spad{terms(f)} gives the list of non-zero coefficients combined with their corresponding basis element as records. This is the internal representation.")) (|coerce| (($ (|List| (|Record| (|:| |coef| |#1|) (|:| |monom| |#2|)))) "\\spad{coerce(lt)} converts a list of terms and coefficients to a member of the domain.")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ |#2|) "\\spad{coefficient(f,m)} extracts the coefficient of \\spad{m} in \\spad{f} with respect to the canonical basis \\spad{M}.")) (|monomial| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{monomial(r,m)} creates a scalar multiple of the basis element \\spad{m}."))) -((|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #1=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #1#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|)))) (|Multiset| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A multiset is a set with multiplicities.")) (|remove!| (($ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#1|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{remove!(p,ms,number)} removes destructively at most \\spad{number} copies of elements \\spad{x} such that \\spad{p(x)} is \\spadfun{\\spad{true}} if \\spad{number} is positive,{} all of them if \\spad{number} equals zero,{} and all but at most \\spad{-number} if \\spad{number} is negative.") (($ |#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{remove!(x,ms,number)} removes destructively at most \\spad{number} copies of element \\spad{x} if \\spad{number} is positive,{} all of them if \\spad{number} equals zero,{} and all but at most \\spad{-number} if \\spad{number} is negative.")) (|remove| (($ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#1|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{remove(p,ms,number)} removes at most \\spad{number} copies of elements \\spad{x} such that \\spad{p(x)} is \\spadfun{\\spad{true}} if \\spad{number} is positive,{} all of them if \\spad{number} equals zero,{} and all but at most \\spad{-number} if \\spad{number} is negative.") (($ |#1| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{remove(x,ms,number)} removes at most \\spad{number} copies of element \\spad{x} if \\spad{number} is positive,{} all of them if \\spad{number} equals zero,{} and all but at most \\spad{-number} if \\spad{number} is negative.")) (|unique| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{unique ms} returns a list of the elements of \\spad{ms} {\\em without} their multiplicity. See also \\spadfun{members}.")) (|multiset| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{multiset(ls)} creates a multiset with elements from \\spad{ls}.") (($ |#1|) "\\spad{multiset(s)} creates a multiset with singleton \\spad{s}.") (($) "\\spad{multiset()}\\$\\spad{D} creates an empty multiset of domain \\spad{D}."))) @@ -2662,7 +2662,7 @@ NIL NIL (|MultivariateTaylorSeriesCategory| |Coef| |Var|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{MultivariateTaylorSeriesCategory} is the most general multivariate Taylor series category.")) (|integrate| (($ $ |#2|) "\\spad{integrate(f,x)} returns the anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{x} with constant coefficient 1. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|polynomial| (((|Polynomial| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{polynomial(f,k1,k2)} returns a polynomial consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{d} with \\spad{k1 <= d <= k2}.") (((|Polynomial| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{polynomial(f,k)} returns a polynomial consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= k}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{order(f,x,n)} returns \\spad{min(n,order(f,x))}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{order(f,x)} returns the order of \\spad{f} viewed as a series in \\spad{x} may result in an infinite loop if \\spad{f} has no non-zero terms.")) (|monomial| (($ $ (|List| |#2|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{monomial(a,[x1,x2,...,xk],[n1,n2,...,nk])} returns \\spad{a * x1^n1 * ... * xk^nk}.") (($ $ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{monomial(a,x,n)} returns \\spad{a*x^n}.")) (|extend| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{extend(f,n)} causes all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= n} to be computed.")) (|coefficient| (($ $ (|List| |#2|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{coefficient(f,[x1,x2,...,xk],[n1,n2,...,nk])} returns the coefficient of \\spad{x1^n1 * ... * xk^nk} in \\spad{f}.") (($ $ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(f,x,n)} returns the coefficient of \\spad{x^n} in \\spad{f}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|MultivariateFactorize| OV E R P) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This is the top level package for doing multivariate factorization} over basic domains like \\spadtype{Integer} or \\spadtype{Fraction Integer}.")) (|factor| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "\\spad{factor(p)} factors the multivariate polynomial \\spad{p} over its coefficient domain where \\spad{p} is represented as a univariate polynomial with multivariate coefficients") (((|Factored| |#4|) |#4|) "\\spad{factor(p)} factors the multivariate polynomial \\spad{p} over its coefficient domain"))) @@ -2678,7 +2678,7 @@ NIL NIL (|NonAssociativeAlgebra| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "NonAssociativeAlgebra is the category of non associative algebras (modules which are themselves non associative rngs). Axioms \\indented{3}{r*(a*b) = (r*a)*b = a*(r*b)}")) (|plenaryPower| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{plenaryPower(a,n)} is recursively defined to be \\spad{plenaryPower(a,n-1)*plenaryPower(a,n-1)} for \\spad{n>1} and \\spad{a} for \\spad{n=1}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|NonAssociativeRng&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "NonAssociativeRng is a basic ring-type structure,{} not necessarily commutative or associative,{} and not necessarily with unit. Axioms \\indented{2}{x*(y+z) = x*y + x*z} \\indented{2}{(x+y)*z = x*z + y*z} Common Additional Axioms \\indented{2}{noZeroDivisors\\space{2}ab = 0 => \\spad{a=0} or \\spad{b=0}}")) (|antiCommutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{antiCommutator(a,b)} returns \\spad{a*b+b*a}.")) (|commutator| (($ $ $) "\\spad{commutator(a,b)} returns \\spad{a*b-b*a}.")) (|associator| (($ $ $ $) "\\spad{associator(a,b,c)} returns \\spad{(a*b)*c-a*(b*c)}."))) @@ -2758,12 +2758,12 @@ NIL NIL (|NewSparseMultivariatePolynomial| R |VarSet|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A post-facto extension for \\axiomType{SMP} in order to speed up operations related to pseudo-division and gcd. This domain is based on the \\axiomType{NSUP} constructor which is itself a post-facto extension of the \\axiomType{SUP} constructor."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #17# (AND #16# #18=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Symbol|))))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #19=(AND #14# #18#) (OR (AND #20=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #8#))) #18# #21=(|not| #14#)) #19#) (OR (AND #18# #21# (|not| #20#)) (AND #20# #18# #21# (|not| (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))))) (AND #14# #18# (|not| (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|QuotientFieldCategory| #8#)))))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #22=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #22# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #17# (AND #16# #18=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Symbol|))))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #19=(AND #12# #18#) (OR (AND #20=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #8#))) #18# #21=(|not| #12#)) #19#) (OR (AND #18# #21# (|not| #20#)) (AND #20# #18# #21# (|not| (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))))) (AND #12# #18# (|not| (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|QuotientFieldCategory| #8#)))))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #22=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #22# #14#)) (|NewSparseUnivariatePolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "A post-facto extension for \\axiomType{SUP} in order to speed up operations related to pseudo-division and gcd for both \\axiomType{SUP} and,{} consequently,{} \\axiomType{NSMP}.")) (|halfExtendedResultant2| (((|Record| (|:| |resultant| |#1|) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedResultant2}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}ca]} such that \\axiom{extendedResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}ca,{} cb]}")) (|halfExtendedResultant1| (((|Record| (|:| |resultant| |#1|) (|:| |coef1| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedResultant1}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}ca]} such that \\axiom{extendedResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}ca,{} cb]}")) (|extendedResultant| (((|Record| (|:| |resultant| |#1|) (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{extendedResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}ca,{}cb]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r}} is the resultant of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{r} = ca * a + cb * \\spad{b}}")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}cb]} such that \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{} cb]}")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca]} such that \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{} cb]}")) (|extendedSubResultantGcd| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{} cb]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{g}} is a gcd of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} in \\axiom{R^(\\spad{-1}) \\spad{P}} and \\axiom{\\spad{g} = ca * a + cb * \\spad{b}}")) (|lastSubResultant| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lastSubResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{resultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} if \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} has no non-trivial gcd in \\axiom{R^(\\spad{-1}) \\spad{P}} otherwise the non-zero sub-resultant with smallest index.")) (|subResultantsChain| (((|List| $) $ $) "\\axiom{subResultantsChain(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the list of the non-zero sub-resultants of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} sorted by increasing degree.")) (|lazyPseudoQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{q}} if \\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]}")) (|lazyPseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| |#1|) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{c^n * a = q*b +r} and \\axiom{lazyResidueClass(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}\\spad{c},{}\\spad{n}]} where \\axiom{\\spad{n} + \\spad{g} = max(0,{} degree(\\spad{b}) - degree(a) + 1)}.")) (|lazyPseudoRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoRemainder(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{r}} if \\axiom{lazyResidueClass(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}\\spad{c},{}\\spad{n}]}. This lazy pseudo-remainder is computed by means of the \\axiomOpFrom{fmecg}{NewSparseUnivariatePolynomial} operation.")) (|lazyResidueClass| (((|Record| (|:| |polnum| $) (|:| |polden| |#1|) (|:| |power| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyResidueClass(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{r},{}\\spad{c},{}\\spad{n}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{c^n * a - \\spad{r}} where \\axiom{\\spad{c}} is \\axiom{leadingCoefficient(\\spad{b})} and \\axiom{\\spad{n}} is as small as possible with the previous properties.")) (|monicModulo| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{monicModulo(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{a -r} where \\axiom{\\spad{b}} is monic.")) (|fmecg| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1| $) "\\axiom{fmecg(\\spad{p1},{}\\spad{e},{}\\spad{r},{}\\spad{p2})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p1} - \\spad{r} * X**e * \\spad{p2}} where \\axiom{\\spad{X}} is \\axiom{monomial(1,{}1)}"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #20# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #20# #14#)) (|NewSparseUnivariatePolynomialFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package lifts a mapping from coefficient rings \\spad{R} to \\spad{S} to a mapping from sparse univariate polynomial over \\spad{R} to a sparse univariate polynomial over \\spad{S}. Note that the mapping is assumed to send zero to zero,{} since it will only be applied to the non-zero coefficients of the polynomial.")) (|map| (((|NewSparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|NewSparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{map(func,{} poly)} creates a new polynomial by applying func to every non-zero coefficient of the polynomial poly."))) NIL @@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|OctonionCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "OctonionCategory gives the categorial frame for the octonions,{} and eight-dimensional non-associative algebra,{} doubling the the quaternions in the same way as doubling the Complex numbers to get the quaternions.")) (|inv| (($ $) "\\spad{inv(o)} returns the inverse of \\spad{o} if it exists.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(o)} returns the real part if all seven imaginary parts are 0,{} and \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(o)} returns the real part if all seven imaginary parts are 0. Error: if \\spad{o} is not rational.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(o)} tests if \\spad{o} is rational,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} that all seven imaginary parts are 0.")) (|abs| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{abs(o)} computes the absolute value of an octonion,{} equal to the square root of the \\spadfunFrom{norm}{Octonion}.")) (|octon| (($ |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{octon(re,ri,rj,rk,rE,rI,rJ,rK)} constructs an octonion from scalars.")) (|norm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{norm(o)} returns the norm of an octonion,{} equal to the sum of the squares of its coefficients.")) (|imagK| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagK(o)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{K} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagJ| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagJ(o)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{J} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagI| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagI(o)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{I} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagE| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagE(o)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{E} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagk| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagk(o)} extracts the \\spad{k} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagj| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagj(o)} extracts the \\spad{j} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|imagi| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagi(o)} extracts the \\spad{i} part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|real| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{real(o)} extracts real part of octonion \\spad{o}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $) "\\spad{conjugate(o)} negates the imaginary parts \\spad{i},{}\\spad{j},{}\\spad{k},{}\\spad{E},{}\\spad{I},{}\\spad{J},{}\\spad{K} of octonian \\spad{o}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|OrderedCancellationAbelianMonoid|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Ordered sets which are also abelian cancellation monoids,{} such that the addition preserves the ordering."))) @@ -2834,8 +2834,8 @@ NIL NIL (|Octonion| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Octonion implements octonions (Cayley-Dixon algebra) over a commutative ring,{} an eight-dimensional non-associative algebra,{} doubling the quaternions in the same way as doubling the complex numbers to get the quaternions the main constructor function is {\\em octon} which takes 8 arguments: the real part,{} the \\spad{i} imaginary part,{} the \\spad{j} imaginary part,{} the \\spad{k} imaginary part,{} (as with quaternions) and in addition the imaginary parts \\spad{E},{} \\spad{I},{} \\spad{J},{} \\spad{K}.")) (|octon| (($ (|Quaternion| |#1|) (|Quaternion| |#1|)) "\\spad{octon(qe,qE)} constructs an octonion from two quaternions using the relation {\\em O = Q + QE}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE (|Symbol|)) #1=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #1#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #1# #1#)) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| #3=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #4=(|Integer|))))) #5=(|HasCategory| #6=(|Quaternion| |#1|) #3#)) (OR #7=(|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #4#))) #9=(|HasCategory| #6# #8#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #5# #9# #2# #7#) +NIL +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE (|Symbol|)) #1=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #1#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #1# #1#)) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| #3=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #4=(|Integer|))))) #5=(|HasCategory| #6=(|Quaternion| |#1|) #3#)) (OR #7=(|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #4#))) #9=(|HasCategory| #6# #8#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #5# #9# #7# #2#) (|OctonionCategoryFunctions2| OR R OS S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{OctonionCategoryFunctions2} implements functions between two octonion domains defined over different rings. The function map is used to coerce between octonion types.")) (|map| ((|#3| (|Mapping| |#4| |#2|) |#1|) "\\spad{map(f,u)} maps \\spad{f} onto the component parts of the octonion \\spad{u}."))) NIL @@ -2886,15 +2886,15 @@ NIL NIL (|OrderedDirectProduct| |dim| S |f|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type represents the finite direct or cartesian product of an} underlying ordered component type. The ordering on the type is determined by its third argument which represents the less than function on vectors. This type is a suitable third argument for \\spadtype{GeneralDistributedMultivariatePolynomial}."))) -((|rightUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1=((|Ring|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|))) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#2| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|OrderlyDifferentialPolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{OrderlyDifferentialPolynomial} implements an ordinary differential polynomial ring in arbitrary number of differential indeterminates,{} with coefficients in a ring. The ranking on the differential indeterminate is orderly. This is analogous to the domain \\spadtype{Polynomial}. \\blankline"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderlyDifferentialVariable| #8=(|Symbol|)) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #10=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #13#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #10#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #17=(|Fraction| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #10#))) (OR #16# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #19=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #19# #14#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|OrderlyDifferentialVariable| #8=(|Symbol|)) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #10=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #13#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #10#))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #10#)))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| #17=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #10#))) (OR #14# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #19=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #17#)) (OR #19# #16#)) (|OrdinaryDifferentialRing| |Kernels| R |var|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This constructor produces an ordinary differential ring from a partial differential ring by specifying a variable."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| . #1=((|Field|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| . #1=((|Field|))) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| . #1#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| . #1#)) ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|OrderlyDifferentialVariable| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{OrderlyDifferentialVariable} adds a commonly used orderly ranking to the set of derivatives of an ordered list of differential indeterminates. An orderly ranking is a ranking \\spadfun{<} of the derivatives with the property that for two derivatives \\spad{u} and \\spad{v},{} \\spad{u} \\spadfun{<} \\spad{v} if the \\spadfun{order} of \\spad{u} is less than that of \\spad{v}. This domain belongs to \\spadtype{DifferentialVariableCategory}. It defines \\spadfun{weight} to be just \\spadfun{order},{} and it defines an orderly ranking \\spadfun{<} on derivatives \\spad{u} via the lexicographic order on the pair (\\spadfun{order}(\\spad{u}),{} \\spadfun{variable}(\\spad{u}))."))) @@ -2906,11 +2906,11 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|)))) (|OrderedIntegralDomain|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of ordered commutative integral domains,{} where ordering and the arithmetic operations are compatible \\blankline"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|OppositeMonogenicLinearOperator| P R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This constructor creates the \\spadtype{MonogenicLinearOperator} domain which is ``opposite'' in the ring sense to \\spad{P}. That is,{} as sets \\spad{P = \\$} but \\spad{a * b} in \\spad{\\$} is equal to \\spad{b * a} in \\spad{P}.")) (|po| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{po(q)} creates a value in \\spad{P} equal to \\spad{q} in \\$.")) (|op| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{op(p)} creates a value in \\$ equal to \\spad{p} in \\spad{P}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) (|OrderedMultisetAggregate| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "to become an in order iterator")) (|min| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{min(u)} returns the smallest entry in the multiset aggregate \\spad{u}."))) @@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@ NIL NIL (|OnePointCompletion| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Adjunction of a complex infinity to a set. Date Created: 4 Oct 1989 Date Last Updated: 1 Nov 1989")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a finite rational number if it is one,{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a finite rational number. Error: if \\spad{x} is not a rational number.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is a finite rational number.")) (|infinite?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{infinite?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is infinite.")) (|finite?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{finite?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is finite.")) (|infinity| (($) "\\spad{infinity()} returns infinity."))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| |#1| (|OrderedRing|))) +NIL (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedRing|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (OR #2# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) (OR #1# #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#)))) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (|OnePointCompletionFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Lifting of maps to one-point completions. Date Created: 4 Oct 1989 Date Last Updated: 4 Oct 1989")) (|map| (((|OnePointCompletion| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|OnePointCompletion| |#1|) (|OnePointCompletion| |#2|)) "\\spad{map(f, r, i)} lifts \\spad{f} and applies it to \\spad{r},{} assuming that \\spad{f}(infinity) = \\spad{i}.") (((|OnePointCompletion| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|OnePointCompletion| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f, r)} lifts \\spad{f} and applies it to \\spad{r},{} assuming that \\spad{f}(infinity) = infinity."))) @@ -2926,7 +2926,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Operator| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Algebra of ADDITIVE operators over a ring."))) -((|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) (|OperatorCategory&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category specifies the interface for operators used to build terms,{} in the sense of Universal Algebra. The domain parameter \\spad{S} provides representation for the `external name' of an operator.")) (|is?| (((|Boolean|) $ |#2|) "\\spad{is?(op,n)} holds if the name of the operator \\spad{op} is \\spad{n}.")) (|arity| (((|Arity|) $) "\\spad{arity(op)} returns the arity of the operator \\spad{op}.")) (|name| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{name(op)} returns the externam name of \\spad{op}."))) @@ -2946,7 +2946,7 @@ NIL NIL (|OrderedCompletion| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Adjunction of two real infinites quantities to a set. Date Created: 4 Oct 1989 Date Last Updated: 1 Nov 1989")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a finite rational number if it is one and \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(x)} returns \\spad{x} as a finite rational number. Error: if \\spad{x} cannot be so converted.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is a finite rational number.")) (|whatInfinity| (((|SingleInteger|) $) "\\spad{whatInfinity(x)} returns 0 if \\spad{x} is finite,{} 1 if \\spad{x} is +infinity,{} and \\spad{-1} if \\spad{x} is -infinity.")) (|infinite?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{infinite?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is +infinity or -infinity,{}")) (|finite?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{finite?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} is finite.")) (|minusInfinity| (($) "\\spad{minusInfinity()} returns -infinity.")) (|plusInfinity| (($) "\\spad{plusInfinity()} returns +infinity."))) -((|unitsKnown| |has| |#1| (|OrderedRing|))) +NIL (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedRing|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (OR #2# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) (OR #1# #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#)))) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (|OrderedCompletionFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Lifting of maps to ordered completions. Date Created: 4 Oct 1989 Date Last Updated: 4 Oct 1989")) (|map| (((|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#1|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|)) "\\spad{map(f, r, p, m)} lifts \\spad{f} and applies it to \\spad{r},{} assuming that \\spad{f}(plusInfinity) = \\spad{p} and that \\spad{f}(minusInfinity) = \\spad{m}.") (((|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|OrderedCompletion| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f, r)} lifts \\spad{f} and applies it to \\spad{r},{} assuming that \\spad{f}(plusInfinity) = plusInfinity and that \\spad{f}(minusInfinity) = minusInfinity."))) @@ -2966,7 +2966,7 @@ NIL NIL (|OrderedRing|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Ordered sets which are also rings,{} that is,{} domains where the ring operations are compatible with the ordering. \\blankline"))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|OrderedSet|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The class of totally ordered sets,{} that is,{} sets such that for each pair of elements \\spad{(a,b)} exactly one of the following relations holds \\spad{a<b or a=b or b<a} and the relation is transitive,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{a<b and b<c => a<c}."))) @@ -2990,7 +2990,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|UnivariateSkewPolynomialCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of univariate skew polynomials over an Ore coefficient ring. The multiplication is given by \\spad{x a = \\sigma(a) x + \\delta a}. This category is an evolution of the types \\indented{2}{MonogenicLinearOperator,{} OppositeMonogenicLinearOperator,{} and} \\indented{2}{NonCommutativeOperatorDivision} developped by Jean Della Dora and Stephen \\spad{M}. Watt.")) (|leftLcm| (($ $ $) "\\spad{leftLcm(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{m} of lowest degree such that \\spad{m = aa*a = bb*b} for some values \\spad{aa} and \\spad{bb}. The value \\spad{m} is computed using right-division.")) (|rightExtendedGcd| (((|Record| (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $) (|:| |generator| $)) $ $) "\\spad{rightExtendedGcd(a,b)} returns \\spad{[c,d]} such that \\spad{g = c * a + d * b = rightGcd(a, b)}.")) (|rightGcd| (($ $ $) "\\spad{rightGcd(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{g} of highest degree such that \\indented{3}{\\spad{a = aa*g}} \\indented{3}{\\spad{b = bb*g}} for some values \\spad{aa} and \\spad{bb}. The value \\spad{g} is computed using right-division.")) (|rightExactQuotient| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{rightExactQuotient(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{q},{} if it exists such that \\spad{a = q*b}.")) (|rightRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\spad{rightRemainder(a,b)} computes the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. The value \\spad{r} is returned.")) (|rightQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\spad{rightQuotient(a,b)} computes the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. The value \\spad{q} is returned.")) (|rightDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{rightDivide(a,b)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. This process is called ``right division''.")) (|rightLcm| (($ $ $) "\\spad{rightLcm(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{m} of lowest degree such that \\spad{m = a*aa = b*bb} for some values \\spad{aa} and \\spad{bb}. The value \\spad{m} is computed using left-division.")) (|leftExtendedGcd| (((|Record| (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $) (|:| |generator| $)) $ $) "\\spad{leftExtendedGcd(a,b)} returns \\spad{[c,d]} such that \\spad{g = a * c + b * d = leftGcd(a, b)}.")) (|leftGcd| (($ $ $) "\\spad{leftGcd(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{g} of highest degree such that \\indented{3}{\\spad{a = g*aa}} \\indented{3}{\\spad{b = g*bb}} for some values \\spad{aa} and \\spad{bb}. The value \\spad{g} is computed using left-division.")) (|leftExactQuotient| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{leftExactQuotient(a,b)} computes the value \\spad{q},{} if it exists,{} \\indented{1}{such that \\spad{a = b*q}.}")) (|leftRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\spad{leftRemainder(a,b)} computes the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. The value \\spad{r} is returned.")) (|leftQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\spad{leftQuotient(a,b)} computes the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. The value \\spad{q} is returned.")) (|leftDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{leftDivide(a,b)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. This process is called ``left division''.")) (|primitivePart| (($ $) "\\spad{primitivePart(l)} returns \\spad{l0} such that \\spad{l = a * l0} for some a in \\spad{R},{} and \\spad{content(l0) = 1}.")) (|content| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{content(l)} returns the gcd of all the coefficients of \\spad{l}.")) (|monicRightDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{monicRightDivide(a,b)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. \\spad{b} must be monic. This process is called ``right division''.")) (|monicLeftDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{monicLeftDivide(a,b)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. \\spad{b} must be monic. This process is called ``left division''.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ |#1|) "\\spad{exquo(l, a)} returns the exact quotient of \\spad{l} by a,{} returning \\axiom{\"failed\"} if this is not possible.")) (|apply| ((|#1| $ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{apply(p, c, m)} returns \\spad{p(m)} where the action is given by \\spad{x m = c sigma(m) + delta(m)}.")) (|coefficients| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(l)} returns the list of all the nonzero coefficients of \\spad{l}.")) (|monomial| (($ |#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{monomial(c,k)} produces \\spad{c} times the \\spad{k}-th power of the generating operator,{} \\spad{monomial(1,1)}.")) (|coefficient| ((|#1| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(l,k)} is \\spad{a(k)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(l)} is \\spad{l - monomial(a(n),n)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(l)} is \\spad{a(n)} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|minimumDegree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{minimumDegree(l)} is the smallest \\spad{k} such that \\spad{a(k) ~= 0} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(l)} is \\spad{n} if \\indented{2}{\\spad{l = sum(monomial(a(i),i), i = 0..n)}.}"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|UnivariateSkewPolynomialCategoryOps| R C) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spad{UnivariateSkewPolynomialCategoryOps} provides products and \\indented{1}{divisions of univariate skew polynomials.}")) (|rightDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| |#2|) (|:| |remainder| |#2|)) |#2| |#2| (|Automorphism| |#1|)) "\\spad{rightDivide(a, b, sigma)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. This process is called ``right division''. \\spad{\\sigma} is the morphism to use.")) (|leftDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| |#2|) (|:| |remainder| |#2|)) |#2| |#2| (|Automorphism| |#1|)) "\\spad{leftDivide(a, b, sigma)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. This process is called ``left division''. \\spad{\\sigma} is the morphism to use.")) (|monicRightDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| |#2|) (|:| |remainder| |#2|)) |#2| |#2| (|Automorphism| |#1|)) "\\spad{monicRightDivide(a, b, sigma)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = q*b + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. \\spad{b} must be monic. This process is called ``right division''. \\spad{\\sigma} is the morphism to use.")) (|monicLeftDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| |#2|) (|:| |remainder| |#2|)) |#2| |#2| (|Automorphism| |#1|)) "\\spad{monicLeftDivide(a, b, sigma)} returns the pair \\spad{[q,r]} such that \\spad{a = b*q + r} and the degree of \\spad{r} is less than the degree of \\spad{b}. \\spad{b} must be monic. This process is called ``left division''. \\spad{\\sigma} is the morphism to use.")) (|apply| ((|#1| |#2| |#1| |#1| (|Automorphism| |#1|) (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{apply(p, c, m, sigma, delta)} returns \\spad{p(m)} where the action is given by \\spad{x m = c sigma(m) + delta(m)}.")) (|times| ((|#2| |#2| |#2| (|Automorphism| |#1|) (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|)) "\\spad{times(p, q, sigma, delta)} returns \\spad{p * q}. \\spad{\\sigma} and \\spad{\\delta} are the maps to use."))) @@ -2998,11 +2998,11 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) (|SparseUnivariateSkewPolynomial| R |sigma| |delta|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the domain of sparse univariate skew polynomials over an Ore coefficient field. The multiplication is given by \\spad{x a = \\sigma(a) x + \\delta a}.")) (|outputForm| (((|OutputForm|) $ (|OutputForm|)) "\\spad{outputForm(p, x)} returns the output form of \\spad{p} using \\spad{x} for the otherwise anonymous variable."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|UnivariateSkewPolynomial| |x| R |sigma| |delta|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the domain of univariate skew polynomials over an Ore coefficient field in a named variable. The multiplication is given by \\spad{x a = \\sigma(a) x + \\delta a}."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #1=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|OrthogonalPolynomialFunctions| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides orthogonal polynomials as functions on a ring.")) (|legendreP| ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{legendreP(n,x)} is the \\spad{n}-th Legendre polynomial,{} \\spad{P[n](x)}. These are defined by \\spad{1/sqrt(1-2*x*t+t**2) = sum(P[n](x)*t**n, n = 0..)}.")) (|laguerreL| ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{laguerreL(m,n,x)} is the associated Laguerre polynomial,{} \\spad{L<m>[n](x)}. This is the \\spad{m}-th derivative of \\spad{L[n](x)}.") ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{laguerreL(n,x)} is the \\spad{n}-th Laguerre polynomial,{} \\spad{L[n](x)}. These are defined by \\spad{exp(-t*x/(1-t))/(1-t) = sum(L[n](x)*t**n/n!, n = 0..)}.")) (|hermiteH| ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{hermiteH(n,x)} is the \\spad{n}-th Hermite polynomial,{} \\spad{H[n](x)}. These are defined by \\spad{exp(2*t*x-t**2) = sum(H[n](x)*t**n/n!, n = 0..)}.")) (|chebyshevU| ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{chebyshevU(n,x)} is the \\spad{n}-th Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind,{} \\spad{U[n](x)}. These are defined by \\spad{1/(1-2*t*x+t**2) = sum(T[n](x) *t**n, n = 0..)}.")) (|chebyshevT| ((|#1| (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1|) "\\spad{chebyshevT(n,x)} is the \\spad{n}-th Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind,{} \\spad{T[n](x)}. These are defined by \\spad{(1-t*x)/(1-2*t*x+t**2) = sum(T[n](x) *t**n, n = 0..)}."))) @@ -3046,7 +3046,7 @@ NIL NIL (|OrdinaryWeightedPolynomials| R |vl| |wl| |wtlevel|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents truncated weighted polynomials over the \"Polynomial\" type. The variables must be specified,{} as must the weights. The representation is sparse in the sense that only non-zero terms are represented.")) (|changeWeightLevel| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{changeWeightLevel(n)} This changes the weight level to the new value given: NB: previously calculated terms are not affected")) (/ (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{x/y} division (only works if minimum weight of divisor is zero,{} and if \\spad{R} is a Field)"))) -((|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|PadeApproximants| R PS UP) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{This package computes reliable Pad&ea. approximants using} a generalized Viskovatov continued fraction algorithm. Authors: Burge,{} Hassner & Watt. Date Created: April 1987 Date Last Updated: 12 April 1990 Keywords: Pade,{} series Examples: References: \\indented{2}{\"Pade Approximants,{} Part I: Basic Theory\",{} Baker & Graves-Morris.}")) (|padecf| (((|Union| (|ContinuedFraction| |#3|) "failed") (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{padecf(nd,dd,ns,ds)} computes the approximant as a continued fraction of polynomials (if it exists) for arguments \\spad{nd} (numerator degree of approximant),{} \\spad{dd} (denominator degree of approximant),{} \\spad{ns} (numerator series of function),{} and \\spad{ds} (denominator series of function).")) (|pade| (((|Union| (|Fraction| |#3|) "failed") (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{pade(nd,dd,ns,ds)} computes the approximant as a quotient of polynomials (if it exists) for arguments \\spad{nd} (numerator degree of approximant),{} \\spad{dd} (denominator degree of approximant),{} \\spad{ns} (numerator series of function),{} and \\spad{ds} (denominator series of function)."))) @@ -3058,20 +3058,20 @@ NIL NIL (|PAdicInteger| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Stream-based implementation of Zp: \\spad{p}-adic numbers are represented as sum(\\spad{i} = 0..,{} a[\\spad{i}] * p^i),{} where the a[\\spad{i}] lie in 0,{}1,{}...,{}(\\spad{p} - 1)."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|PAdicIntegerCategory| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the catefory of stream-based representations of \\indented{2}{the \\spad{p}-adic integers.}")) (|root| (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|)) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{root(f,a)} returns a root of the polynomial \\spad{f}. Argument \\spad{a} must be a root of \\spad{f} \\spad{(mod p)}.")) (|sqrt| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{sqrt(b,a)} returns a square root of \\spad{b}. Argument \\spad{a} is a square root of \\spad{b} \\spad{(mod p)}.")) (|approximate| (((|Integer|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{approximate(x,n)} returns an integer \\spad{y} such that \\spad{y = x (mod p^n)} when \\spad{n} is positive,{} and 0 otherwise.")) (|quotientByP| (($ $) "\\spad{quotientByP(x)} returns \\spad{b},{} where \\spad{x = a + b p}.")) (|moduloP| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{modulo(x)} returns a,{} where \\spad{x = a + b p}.")) (|modulus| (((|Integer|)) "\\spad{modulus()} returns the value of \\spad{p}.")) (|complete| (($ $) "\\spad{complete(x)} forces the computation of all digits.")) (|extend| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{extend(x,n)} forces the computation of digits up to order \\spad{n}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(x)} returns the exponent of the highest power of \\spad{p} dividing \\spad{x}.")) (|digits| (((|Stream| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{digits(x)} returns a stream of \\spad{p}-adic digits of \\spad{x}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|PAdicRational| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Stream-based implementation of Qp: numbers are represented as sum(\\spad{i} = \\spad{k}..,{} a[\\spad{i}] * p^i) where the a[\\spad{i}] lie in 0,{}1,{}...,{}(\\spad{p} - 1)."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|PAdicInteger| |#1|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |PAdicInteger|) (|devaluate| |#1|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|PAdicInteger| |#1|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #3#) #10=(|%list| (QUOTE |PAdicInteger|) (|devaluate| |#1|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #10# #10#)) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #11# #4#)) (|PAdicRationalConstructor| |p| PADIC) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of stream-based representations of Qp.")) (|removeZeroes| (($ (|Integer|) $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(n,x)} removes up to \\spad{n} leading zeroes from the \\spad{p}-adic rational \\spad{x}.") (($ $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(x)} removes leading zeroes from the representation of the \\spad{p}-adic rational \\spad{x}. A \\spad{p}-adic rational is represented by (1) an exponent and (2) a \\spad{p}-adic integer which may have leading zero digits. When the \\spad{p}-adic integer has a leading zero digit,{} a 'leading zero' is removed from the \\spad{p}-adic rational as follows: the number is rewritten by increasing the exponent by 1 and dividing the \\spad{p}-adic integer by \\spad{p}. Note: \\spad{removeZeroes(f)} removes all leading zeroes from \\spad{f}.")) (|continuedFraction| (((|ContinuedFraction| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) $) "\\spad{continuedFraction(x)} converts the \\spad{p}-adic rational number \\spad{x} to a continued fraction.")) (|approximate| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{approximate(x,n)} returns a rational number \\spad{y} such that \\spad{y = x (mod p^n)}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2=(|Symbol|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| #4=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #5# #6#) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #7=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #7#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #2#) #9=(|devaluate| |#2|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #9# #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #10=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) (OR #10# #3#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2=(|Symbol|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| #4=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #5# #6#) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #7=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #7#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #2#) #9=(|devaluate| |#2|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #9# #9#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) #10=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #4#)) (OR #10# #3#)) (|Pair| S T$) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{This domain provides a very simple representation} of the notion of `pair of objects'. It does not try to achieve all possible imaginable things.")) (|second| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{second(p)} extracts the second components of `p'.")) (|first| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{first(p)} extracts the first component of `p'.")) (|construct| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{construct(s,t)} is same as pair(\\spad{s},{}\\spad{t}),{} with syntactic sugar.")) (|pair| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{pair(s,t)} returns a pair object composed of `s' and `t'."))) NIL @@ -3157,7 +3157,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|PoincareBirkhoffWittLyndonBasis| |VarSet|) -((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides the internal representation of polynomials in non-commutative variables written over the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt basis. See the \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial} domain constructor. See Free Lie Algebras by \\spad{C}. Reutenauer (Oxford science publications). \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{varList([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list of variables in the word \\spad{l1*l2*...*ln}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{retractable?([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns \\spad{true} iff \\spad{n} equals \\spad{1}.")) (|rest| (($ $) "\\spad{rest([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list \\spad{l2, .... ln}.")) (|ListOfTerms| (((|List| (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{ListOfTerms([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list of words \\spad{l1, l2, .... ln}.")) (|length| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{length([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the length of the word \\spad{l1*l2*...*ln}.")) (|first| (((|LyndonWord| |#1|) $) "\\spad{first([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the Lyndon word \\spad{l1}.")) (|coerce| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{coerce(v)} return \\spad{v}") (((|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coerce([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the word \\spad{l1*l2*...*ln},{} where \\spad{[l_i]} is the backeted form of the Lyndon word \\spad{l_i}.")) (|One| (($) "\\spad{1} returns the empty list."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides the internal representation of polynomials in non-commutative variables written over the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt basis. See the \\spadtype{XPBWPolynomial} domain constructor. See Free Lie Algebras by \\spad{C}. Reutenauer (Oxford science publications). \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{varList([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list of variables in the word \\spad{l1*l2*...*ln}.")) (|retractable?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{retractable?([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns \\spad{true} iff \\spad{n} equals \\spad{1}.")) (|rest| (($ $) "\\spad{rest([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list \\spad{l2, .... ln}.")) (|ListOfTerms| (((|List| (|LyndonWord| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{ListOfTerms([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the list of words \\spad{l1, l2, .... ln}.")) (|length| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{length([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the length of the word \\spad{l1*l2*...*ln}.")) (|first| (((|LyndonWord| |#1|) $) "\\spad{first([l1]*[l2]*...[ln])} returns the Lyndon word \\spad{l1}.")) (|coerce| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{coerce(v)} return \\spad{v}")) (|One| (($) "\\spad{1} returns the empty list."))) NIL NIL (|PolynomialComposition| UP R) @@ -3178,11 +3178,11 @@ NIL NIL (|PartialDifferentialModule| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A partial differential \\spad{R}-module with differentiations indexed by a parameter type \\spad{S}. \\blankline"))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|PartialDifferentialRing| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A partial differential ring with differentiations indexed by a parameter type \\spad{S}. \\blankline"))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|PartialDifferentialSpace&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This category captures the interface of domains stable by partial} \\indented{2}{differentiation with respect to variables from some domain.} See Also: \\indented{2}{PartialDifferentialDomain}")) (D (($ $ (|List| |#2|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{D(x,[s1,...,sn],[n1,...,nn])} is a shorthand for \\spad{differentiate(x,[s1,...,sn],[n1,...,nn])}.") (($ $ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{D(x,s,n)} is a shorthand for \\spad{differentiate(x,s,n)}.") (($ $ (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{D(x,[s1,...sn])} is a shorthand for \\spad{differentiate(x,[s1,...sn])}.")) (|differentiate| (($ $ (|List| |#2|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{differentiate(x,[s1,...,sn],[n1,...,nn])} computes multiple partial derivatives,{} \\spadignore{i.e.}") (($ $ |#2| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{differentiate(x,s,n)} computes multiple partial derivatives,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{n}\\spad{-}th derivative of \\spad{x} with respect to \\spad{s}.") (($ $ (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{differentiate(x,[s1,...sn])} computes successive partial derivatives,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{differentiate(...differentiate(x, s1)..., sn)}."))) @@ -3198,23 +3198,23 @@ NIL ((AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #2=(|devaluate| |#1|)))) #1# (OR #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #3# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #2#))) (|Permutation| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Permutation(\\spad{S}) implements the group of all bijections \\indented{2}{on a set \\spad{S},{} which move only a finite number of points.} \\indented{2}{A permutation is considered as a map from \\spad{S} into \\spad{S}. In particular} \\indented{2}{multiplication is defined as composition of maps:} \\indented{2}{{\\em pi1 * pi2 = pi1 o pi2}.} \\indented{2}{The internal representation of permuatations are two lists} \\indented{2}{of equal length representing preimages and images.}")) (|coerceImages| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerceImages(ls)} coerces the list {\\em ls} to a permutation whose image is given by {\\em ls} and the preimage is fixed to be {\\em [1,...,n]}. Note: {coerceImages(\\spad{ls})=coercePreimagesImages([1,{}...,{}\\spad{n}],{}\\spad{ls})}. We assume that both preimage and image do not contain repetitions.")) (|fixedPoints| (((|Set| |#1|) $) "\\spad{fixedPoints(p)} returns the points fixed by the permutation \\spad{p}.")) (|sort| (((|List| $) (|List| $)) "\\spad{sort(lp)} sorts a list of permutations {\\em lp} according to cycle structure first according to length of cycles,{} second,{} if \\spad{S} has \\spadtype{Finite} or \\spad{S} has \\spadtype{OrderedSet} according to lexicographical order of entries in cycles of equal length.")) (|odd?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{odd?(p)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{p} is an odd permutation \\spadignore{i.e.} {\\em sign(p)} is {\\em -1}.")) (|even?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{even?(p)} returns \\spad{true} if and only if \\spad{p} is an even permutation,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} {\\em sign(p)} is 1.")) (|sign| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{sign(p)} returns the signum of the permutation \\spad{p},{} \\spad{+1} or \\spad{-1}.")) (|numberOfCycles| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfCycles(p)} returns the number of non-trivial cycles of the permutation \\spad{p}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(p)} returns the order of a permutation \\spad{p} as a group element.")) (|cyclePartition| (((|Partition|) $) "\\spad{cyclePartition(p)} returns the cycle structure of a permutation \\spad{p} including cycles of length 1 only if \\spad{S} is finite.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(p)} retuns the number of points moved by the permutation \\spad{p}.")) (|coerceListOfPairs| (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerceListOfPairs(lls)} coerces a list of pairs {\\em lls} to a permutation. Error: if not consistent,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the set of the first elements coincides with the set of second elements. coerce(\\spad{p}) generates output of the permutation \\spad{p} with domain OutputForm.")) (|coerce| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(ls)} coerces a cycle {\\em ls},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a list with not repetitions to a permutation,{} which maps {\\em ls.i} to {\\em ls.i+1},{} indices modulo the length of the list. Error: if repetitions occur.") (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerce(lls)} coerces a list of cycles {\\em lls} to a permutation,{} each cycle being a list with no repetitions,{} is coerced to the permutation,{} which maps {\\em ls.i} to {\\em ls.i+1},{} indices modulo the length of the list,{} then these permutations are mutiplied. Error: if repetitions occur in one cycle.")) (|coercePreimagesImages| (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{coercePreimagesImages(lls)} coerces the representation {\\em lls} of a permutation as a list of preimages and images to a permutation. We assume that both preimage and image do not contain repetitions.")) (|listRepresentation| (((|Record| (|:| |preimage| (|List| |#1|)) (|:| |image| (|List| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{listRepresentation(p)} produces a representation {\\em rep} of the permutation \\spad{p} as a list of preimages and images,{} \\spad{i}.\\spad{e} \\spad{p} maps {\\em (rep.preimage).k} to {\\em (rep.image).k} for all indices \\spad{k}. Elements of \\spad{S} not in {\\em (rep.preimage).k} are fixed points,{} and these are the only fixed points of the permutation."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) -((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|)))) #1# #2#) +NIL +((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|)))) #2# #1#) (|Permanent| |n| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "Permanent implements the functions {\\em permanent},{} the permanent for square matrices.")) (|permanent| ((|#2| (|SquareMatrix| |#1| |#2|)) "\\spad{permanent(x)} computes the permanent of a square matrix \\spad{x}. The {\\em permanent} is equivalent to the \\spadfun{determinant} except that coefficients have no change of sign. This function is much more difficult to compute than the {\\em determinant}. The formula used is by \\spad{H}.\\spad{J}. Ryser,{} improved by [Nijenhuis and Wilf,{} Ch. 19]. Note: permanent(\\spad{x}) choose one of three algorithms,{} depending on the underlying ring \\spad{R} and on \\spad{n},{} the number of rows (and columns) of x:\\begin{items} \\item 1. if 2 has an inverse in \\spad{R} we can use the algorithm of \\indented{3}{[Nijenhuis and Wilf,{} ch.19,{}\\spad{p}.158]; if 2 has no inverse,{}} \\indented{3}{some modifications are necessary:} \\item 2. if {\\em n > 6} and \\spad{R} is an integral domain with characteristic \\indented{3}{different from 2 (the algorithm works if and only 2 is not a} \\indented{3}{zero-divisor of \\spad{R} and {\\em characteristic()\\$R ~= 2},{}} \\indented{3}{but how to check that for any given \\spad{R} ?),{}} \\indented{3}{the local function {\\em permanent2} is called;} \\item 3. else,{} the local function {\\em permanent3} is called \\indented{3}{(works for all commutative rings \\spad{R}).} \\end{items}"))) NIL NIL (|PermutationCategory| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "PermutationCategory provides a categorial environment \\indented{1}{for subgroups of bijections of a set (\\spadignore{i.e.} permutations)}")) (< (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{p < q} is an order relation on permutations. Note: this order is only total if and only if \\spad{S} is totally ordered or \\spad{S} is finite.")) (|orbit| (((|Set| |#1|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{orbit(p, el)} returns the orbit of {\\em el} under the permutation \\spad{p},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the set which is given by applications of the powers of \\spad{p} to {\\em el}.")) (|support| (((|Set| |#1|) $) "\\spad{support p} returns the set of points not fixed by the permutation \\spad{p}.")) (|cycles| (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{cycles(lls)} coerces a list list of cycles {\\em lls} to a permutation,{} each cycle being a list with not repetitions,{} is coerced to the permutation,{} which maps {\\em ls.i} to {\\em ls.i+1},{} indices modulo the length of the list,{} then these permutations are mutiplied. Error: if repetitions occur in one cycle.")) (|cycle| (($ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{cycle(ls)} coerces a cycle {\\em ls},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a list with not repetitions to a permutation,{} which maps {\\em ls.i} to {\\em ls.i+1},{} indices modulo the length of the list. Error: if repetitions occur."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|PermutationGroup| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "PermutationGroup implements permutation groups acting on a set \\spad{S},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} all subgroups of the symmetric group of \\spad{S},{} represented as a list of permutations (generators). Note that therefore the objects are not members of the \\Language category \\spadtype{Group}. Using the idea of base and strong generators by Sims,{} basic routines and algorithms are implemented so that the word problem for permutation groups can be solved.")) (|initializeGroupForWordProblem| (((|Void|) $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp,m,n)} initializes the group {\\em gp} for the word problem. Notes: (1) with a small integer you get shorter words,{} but the routine takes longer than the standard routine for longer words. (2) be careful: invoking this routine will destroy the possibly stored information about your group (but will recompute it again). (3) users need not call this function normally for the soultion of the word problem.") (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp)} initializes the group {\\em gp} for the word problem. Notes: it calls the other function of this name with parameters 0 and 1: {\\em initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp,0,1)}. Notes: (1) be careful: invoking this routine will destroy the possibly information about your group (but will recompute it again) (2) users need not call this function normally for the soultion of the word problem.")) (<= (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{gp1 <= gp2} returns \\spad{true} if and only if {\\em gp1} is a subgroup of {\\em gp2}. Note: because of a bug in the parser you have to call this function explicitly by {\\em gp1 <=\\$(PERMGRP S) gp2}.")) (< (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{gp1 < gp2} returns \\spad{true} if and only if {\\em gp1} is a proper subgroup of {\\em gp2}.")) (|support| (((|Set| |#1|) $) "\\spad{support(gp)} returns the points moved by the group {\\em gp}.")) (|wordInGenerators| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{wordInGenerators(p,gp)} returns the word for the permutation \\spad{p} in the original generators of the group {\\em gp},{} represented by the indices of the list,{} given by {\\em generators}.")) (|wordInStrongGenerators| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{wordInStrongGenerators(p,gp)} returns the word for the permutation \\spad{p} in the strong generators of the group {\\em gp},{} represented by the indices of the list,{} given by {\\em strongGenerators}.")) (|member?| (((|Boolean|) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{member?(pp,gp)} answers the question,{} whether the permutation {\\em pp} is in the group {\\em gp} or not.")) (|orbits| (((|Set| (|Set| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{orbits(gp)} returns the orbits of the group {\\em gp},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} it partitions the (finite) of all moved points.")) (|orbit| (((|Set| (|List| |#1|)) $ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{orbit(gp,ls)} returns the orbit of the ordered list {\\em ls} under the group {\\em gp}. Note: return type is \\spad{L} \\spad{L} \\spad{S} temporarily because FSET \\spad{L} \\spad{S} has an error.") (((|Set| (|Set| |#1|)) $ (|Set| |#1|)) "\\spad{orbit(gp,els)} returns the orbit of the unordered set {\\em els} under the group {\\em gp}.") (((|Set| |#1|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{orbit(gp,el)} returns the orbit of the element {\\em el} under the group {\\em gp},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the set of all points gained by applying each group element to {\\em el}.")) (|permutationGroup| (($ (|List| (|Permutation| |#1|))) "\\spad{permutationGroup(ls)} coerces a list of permutations {\\em ls} to the group generated by this list.")) (|wordsForStrongGenerators| (((|List| (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $) "\\spad{wordsForStrongGenerators(gp)} returns the words for the strong generators of the group {\\em gp} in the original generators of {\\em gp},{} represented by their indices in the list,{} given by {\\em generators}.")) (|strongGenerators| (((|List| (|Permutation| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{strongGenerators(gp)} returns strong generators for the group {\\em gp}.")) (|base| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{base(gp)} returns a base for the group {\\em gp}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(gp)} returns the number of points moved by all permutations of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(gp)} returns the order of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|random| (((|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{random(gp)} returns a random product of maximal 20 generators of the group {\\em gp}. Note: {\\em random(gp)=random(gp,20)}.") (((|Permutation| |#1|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{random(gp,i)} returns a random product of maximal \\spad{i} generators of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|elt| (((|Permutation| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{elt(gp,i)} returns the \\spad{i}-th generator of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|generators| (((|List| (|Permutation| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{generators(gp)} returns the generators of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|coerce| (($ (|List| (|Permutation| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerce(ls)} coerces a list of permutations {\\em ls} to the group generated by this list.") (((|List| (|Permutation| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{coerce(gp)} returns the generators of the group {\\em gp}."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "PermutationGroup implements permutation groups acting on a set \\spad{S},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} all subgroups of the symmetric group of \\spad{S},{} represented as a list of permutations (generators). Note that therefore the objects are not members of the \\Language category \\spadtype{Group}. Using the idea of base and strong generators by Sims,{} basic routines and algorithms are implemented so that the word problem for permutation groups can be solved.")) (|initializeGroupForWordProblem| (((|Void|) $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp,m,n)} initializes the group {\\em gp} for the word problem. Notes: (1) with a small integer you get shorter words,{} but the routine takes longer than the standard routine for longer words. (2) be careful: invoking this routine will destroy the possibly stored information about your group (but will recompute it again). (3) users need not call this function normally for the soultion of the word problem.") (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp)} initializes the group {\\em gp} for the word problem. Notes: it calls the other function of this name with parameters 0 and 1: {\\em initializeGroupForWordProblem(gp,0,1)}. Notes: (1) be careful: invoking this routine will destroy the possibly information about your group (but will recompute it again) (2) users need not call this function normally for the soultion of the word problem.")) (<= (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{gp1 <= gp2} returns \\spad{true} if and only if {\\em gp1} is a subgroup of {\\em gp2}. Note: because of a bug in the parser you have to call this function explicitly by {\\em gp1 <=\\$(PERMGRP S) gp2}.")) (< (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{gp1 < gp2} returns \\spad{true} if and only if {\\em gp1} is a proper subgroup of {\\em gp2}.")) (|support| (((|Set| |#1|) $) "\\spad{support(gp)} returns the points moved by the group {\\em gp}.")) (|wordInGenerators| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{wordInGenerators(p,gp)} returns the word for the permutation \\spad{p} in the original generators of the group {\\em gp},{} represented by the indices of the list,{} given by {\\em generators}.")) (|wordInStrongGenerators| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{wordInStrongGenerators(p,gp)} returns the word for the permutation \\spad{p} in the strong generators of the group {\\em gp},{} represented by the indices of the list,{} given by {\\em strongGenerators}.")) (|member?| (((|Boolean|) (|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{member?(pp,gp)} answers the question,{} whether the permutation {\\em pp} is in the group {\\em gp} or not.")) (|orbits| (((|Set| (|Set| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{orbits(gp)} returns the orbits of the group {\\em gp},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} it partitions the (finite) of all moved points.")) (|orbit| (((|Set| (|List| |#1|)) $ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{orbit(gp,ls)} returns the orbit of the ordered list {\\em ls} under the group {\\em gp}. Note: return type is \\spad{L} \\spad{L} \\spad{S} temporarily because FSET \\spad{L} \\spad{S} has an error.") (((|Set| (|Set| |#1|)) $ (|Set| |#1|)) "\\spad{orbit(gp,els)} returns the orbit of the unordered set {\\em els} under the group {\\em gp}.") (((|Set| |#1|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{orbit(gp,el)} returns the orbit of the element {\\em el} under the group {\\em gp},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the set of all points gained by applying each group element to {\\em el}.")) (|permutationGroup| (($ (|List| (|Permutation| |#1|))) "\\spad{permutationGroup(ls)} coerces a list of permutations {\\em ls} to the group generated by this list.")) (|wordsForStrongGenerators| (((|List| (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $) "\\spad{wordsForStrongGenerators(gp)} returns the words for the strong generators of the group {\\em gp} in the original generators of {\\em gp},{} represented by their indices in the list,{} given by {\\em generators}.")) (|strongGenerators| (((|List| (|Permutation| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{strongGenerators(gp)} returns strong generators for the group {\\em gp}.")) (|base| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{base(gp)} returns a base for the group {\\em gp}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(gp)} returns the number of points moved by all permutations of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{order(gp)} returns the order of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|random| (((|Permutation| |#1|) $) "\\spad{random(gp)} returns a random product of maximal 20 generators of the group {\\em gp}. Note: {\\em random(gp)=random(gp,20)}.") (((|Permutation| |#1|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{random(gp,i)} returns a random product of maximal \\spad{i} generators of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|elt| (((|Permutation| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{elt(gp,i)} returns the \\spad{i}-th generator of the group {\\em gp}.")) (|generators| (((|List| (|Permutation| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{generators(gp)} returns the generators of the group {\\em gp}."))) NIL NIL (|PrimeField| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "PrimeField(\\spad{p}) implements the field with \\spad{p} elements if \\spad{p} is a prime number. Error: if \\spad{p} is not prime. Note: this domain does not check that argument is a prime."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| $ (QUOTE (|Finite|)))) (|PolynomialFactorizationByRecursion| R E |VarSet| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "PolynomialFactorizationByRecursion(\\spad{R},{}\\spad{E},{}\\spad{VarSet},{}\\spad{S}) is used for factorization of sparse univariate polynomials over a domain \\spad{S} of multivariate polynomials over \\spad{R}.")) (|factorSFBRlcUnit| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|List| |#3|) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "\\spad{factorSFBRlcUnit(p)} returns the square free factorization of polynomial \\spad{p} (see \\spadfun{factorSquareFreeByRecursion}{PolynomialFactorizationByRecursionUnivariate}) in the case where the leading coefficient of \\spad{p} is a unit.")) (|bivariateSLPEBR| (((|Union| (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "failed") (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|) |#3|) "\\spad{bivariateSLPEBR(lp,p,v)} implements the bivariate case of \\spadfunFrom{solveLinearPolynomialEquationByRecursion}{PolynomialFactorizationByRecursionUnivariate}; its implementation depends on \\spad{R}")) (|randomR| ((|#1|) "\\spad{randomR produces} a random element of \\spad{R}")) (|factorSquareFreeByRecursion| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "\\spad{factorSquareFreeByRecursion(p)} returns the square free factorization of \\spad{p}. This functions performs the recursion step for factorSquareFreePolynomial,{} as defined in \\spadfun{PolynomialFactorizationExplicit} category (see \\spadfun{factorSquareFreePolynomial}).")) (|factorByRecursion| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "\\spad{factorByRecursion(p)} factors polynomial \\spad{p}. This function performs the recursion step for factorPolynomial,{} as defined in \\spadfun{PolynomialFactorizationExplicit} category (see \\spadfun{factorPolynomial})")) (|solveLinearPolynomialEquationByRecursion| (((|Union| (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "failed") (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#4|)) "\\spad{solveLinearPolynomialEquationByRecursion([p1,...,pn],p)} returns the list of polynomials \\spad{[q1,...,qn]} such that \\spad{sum qi/pi = p / prod pi},{} a recursion step for solveLinearPolynomialEquation as defined in \\spadfun{PolynomialFactorizationExplicit} category (see \\spadfun{solveLinearPolynomialEquation}). If no such list of \\spad{qi} exists,{} then \"failed\" is returned."))) @@ -3230,7 +3230,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|)))) (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of domains that know \"enough\" about themselves in order to factor univariate polynomials over themselves. This will be used in future releases for supporting factorization over finitely generated coefficient fields,{} it is not yet available in the current release of axiom.")) (|charthRoot| (((|Maybe| $) $) "\\spad{charthRoot(r)} returns the \\spad{p}\\spad{-}th root of \\spad{r},{} or \\spad{nothing} if none exists in the domain.")) (|conditionP| (((|Union| (|Vector| $) "failed") (|Matrix| $)) "\\spad{conditionP(m)} returns a vector of elements,{} not all zero,{} whose \\spad{p}\\spad{-}th powers (\\spad{p} is the characteristic of the domain) are a solution of the homogenous linear system represented by \\spad{m},{} or \"failed\" is there is no such vector.")) (|solveLinearPolynomialEquation| (((|Union| (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "failed") (|List| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{solveLinearPolynomialEquation([f1, ..., fn], g)} (where the \\spad{fi} are relatively prime to each other) returns a list of \\spad{ai} such that \\spad{g/prod fi = sum ai/fi} or returns \"failed\" if no such list of \\spad{ai}'s exists.")) (|gcdPolynomial| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{gcdPolynomial(p,q)} returns the gcd of the univariate polynomials \\spad{p} qnd \\spad{q}.")) (|factorSquareFreePolynomial| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{factorSquareFreePolynomial(p)} factors the univariate polynomial \\spad{p} into irreducibles where \\spad{p} is known to be square free and primitive with respect to its main variable.")) (|factorPolynomial| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{factorPolynomial(p)} returns the factorization into irreducibles of the univariate polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|squareFreePolynomial| (((|Factored| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\spad{squareFreePolynomial(p)} returns the square-free factorization of the univariate polynomial \\spad{p}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|PointsOfFiniteOrder| R0 F UP UPUP R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides function for testing whether a divisor on a curve is a torsion divisor.")) (|torsionIfCan| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |order| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |function| |#5|)) "failed") (|FiniteDivisor| |#2| |#3| |#4| |#5|)) "\\spad{torsionIfCan(f)}\\\\ undocumented")) (|torsion?| (((|Boolean|) (|FiniteDivisor| |#2| |#3| |#4| |#5|)) "\\spad{torsion?(f)} \\undocumented")) (|order| (((|Union| (|NonNegativeInteger|) "failed") (|FiniteDivisor| |#2| |#3| |#4| |#5|)) "\\spad{order(f)} \\undocumented"))) @@ -3245,8 +3245,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|PartialFraction| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "The domain \\spadtype{PartialFraction} implements partial fractions over a euclidean domain \\spad{R}. This requirement on the argument domain allows us to normalize the fractions. Of particular interest are the 2 forms for these fractions. The ``compact'' form has only one fractional term per prime in the denominator,{} while the ``p-adic'' form expands each numerator \\spad{p}-adically via the prime \\spad{p} in the denominator. For computational efficiency,{} the compact form is used,{} though the \\spad{p}-adic form may be gotten by calling the function \\spadfunFrom{padicFraction}{PartialFraction}. For a general euclidean domain,{} it is not known how to factor the denominator. Thus the function \\spadfunFrom{partialFraction}{PartialFraction} takes as its second argument an element of \\spadtype{Factored(R)}.")) (|wholePart| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{wholePart(p)} extracts the whole part of the partial fraction \\spad{p}.")) (|partialFraction| (($ |#1| (|Factored| |#1|)) "\\spad{partialFraction(numer,denom)} is the main function for constructing partial fractions. The second argument is the denominator and should be factored.")) (|padicFraction| (($ $) "\\spad{padicFraction(q)} expands the fraction \\spad{p}-adically in the primes \\spad{p} in the denominator of \\spad{q}. For example,{} \\spad{padicFraction(3/(2**2)) = 1/2 + 1/(2**2)}. Use \\spadfunFrom{compactFraction}{PartialFraction} to return to compact form.")) (|padicallyExpand| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{padicallyExpand(p,x)} is a utility function that expands the second argument \\spad{x} ``p-adically'' in the first.")) (|numberOfFractionalTerms| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{numberOfFractionalTerms(p)} computes the number of fractional terms in \\spad{p}. This returns 0 if there is no fractional part.")) (|nthFractionalTerm| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFractionalTerm(p,n)} extracts the \\spad{n}th fractional term from the partial fraction \\spad{p}. This returns 0 if the index \\spad{n} is out of range.")) (|firstNumer| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{firstNumer(p)} extracts the numerator of the first fractional term. This returns 0 if there is no fractional part (use \\spadfunFrom{wholePart}{PartialFraction} to get the whole part).")) (|firstDenom| (((|Factored| |#1|) $) "\\spad{firstDenom(p)} extracts the denominator of the first fractional term. This returns 1 if there is no fractional part (use \\spadfunFrom{wholePart}{PartialFraction} to get the whole part).")) (|compactFraction| (($ $) "\\spad{compactFraction(p)} normalizes the partial fraction \\spad{p} to the compact representation. In this form,{} the partial fraction has only one fractional term per prime in the denominator.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Fraction| (|Factored| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerce(f)} takes a fraction with numerator and denominator in factored form and creates a partial fraction. It is necessary for the parts to be factored because it is not known in general how to factor elements of \\spad{R} and this is needed to decompose into partial fractions.") (((|Fraction| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coerce(p)} sums up the components of the partial fraction and returns a single fraction."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The domain \\spadtype{PartialFraction} implements partial fractions over a euclidean domain \\spad{R}. This requirement on the argument domain allows us to normalize the fractions. Of particular interest are the 2 forms for these fractions. The ``compact'' form has only one fractional term per prime in the denominator,{} while the ``p-adic'' form expands each numerator \\spad{p}-adically via the prime \\spad{p} in the denominator. For computational efficiency,{} the compact form is used,{} though the \\spad{p}-adic form may be gotten by calling the function \\spadfunFrom{padicFraction}{PartialFraction}. For a general euclidean domain,{} it is not known how to factor the denominator. Thus the function \\spadfunFrom{partialFraction}{PartialFraction} takes as its second argument an element of \\spadtype{Factored(R)}.")) (|wholePart| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{wholePart(p)} extracts the whole part of the partial fraction \\spad{p}.")) (|partialFraction| (($ |#1| (|Factored| |#1|)) "\\spad{partialFraction(numer,denom)} is the main function for constructing partial fractions. The second argument is the denominator and should be factored.")) (|padicFraction| (($ $) "\\spad{padicFraction(q)} expands the fraction \\spad{p}-adically in the primes \\spad{p} in the denominator of \\spad{q}. For example,{} \\spad{padicFraction(3/(2**2)) = 1/2 + 1/(2**2)}. Use \\spadfunFrom{compactFraction}{PartialFraction} to return to compact form.")) (|padicallyExpand| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{padicallyExpand(p,x)} is a utility function that expands the second argument \\spad{x} ``p-adically'' in the first.")) (|numberOfFractionalTerms| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{numberOfFractionalTerms(p)} computes the number of fractional terms in \\spad{p}. This returns 0 if there is no fractional part.")) (|nthFractionalTerm| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{nthFractionalTerm(p,n)} extracts the \\spad{n}th fractional term from the partial fraction \\spad{p}. This returns 0 if the index \\spad{n} is out of range.")) (|firstNumer| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{firstNumer(p)} extracts the numerator of the first fractional term. This returns 0 if there is no fractional part (use \\spadfunFrom{wholePart}{PartialFraction} to get the whole part).")) (|firstDenom| (((|Factored| |#1|) $) "\\spad{firstDenom(p)} extracts the denominator of the first fractional term. This returns 1 if there is no fractional part (use \\spadfunFrom{wholePart}{PartialFraction} to get the whole part).")) (|compactFraction| (($ $) "\\spad{compactFraction(p)} normalizes the partial fraction \\spad{p} to the compact representation. In this form,{} the partial fraction has only one fractional term per prime in the denominator.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Fraction| (|Factored| |#1|))) "\\spad{coerce(f)} takes a fraction with numerator and denominator in factored form and creates a partial fraction. It is necessary for the parts to be factored because it is not known in general how to factor elements of \\spad{R} and this is needed to decompose into partial fractions."))) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|PartialFractionPackage| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The package \\spadtype{PartialFractionPackage} gives an easier to use interfact the domain \\spadtype{PartialFraction}. The user gives a fraction of polynomials,{} and a variable and the package converts it to the proper datatype for the \\spadtype{PartialFraction} domain.")) (|partialFraction| (((|Any|) (|Polynomial| |#1|) (|Factored| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{partialFraction(num, facdenom, var)} returns the partial fraction decomposition of the rational function whose numerator is \\spad{num} and whose factored denominator is \\spad{facdenom} with respect to the variable var.") (((|Any|) (|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{partialFraction(rf, var)} returns the partial fraction decomposition of the rational function \\spad{rf} with respect to the variable var."))) @@ -3274,7 +3274,7 @@ NIL NIL (|PrincipalIdealDomain|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of constructive principal ideal domains,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} where a single generator can be constructively found for any ideal given by a finite set of generators. Note that this constructive definition only implies that finitely generated ideals are principal. It is not clear what we would mean by an infinitely generated ideal.")) (|expressIdealMember| (((|Maybe| (|List| $)) (|List| $) $) "\\spad{expressIdealMember([f1,...,fn],h)} returns a representation of \\spad{h} as a linear combination of the \\spad{fi} or \\spad{nothing} if \\spad{h} is not in the ideal generated by the \\spad{fi}.")) (|principalIdeal| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| (|List| $)) (|:| |generator| $)) (|List| $)) "\\spad{principalIdeal([f1,...,fn])} returns a record whose generator component is a generator of the ideal generated by \\spad{[f1,...,fn]} whose coef component satisfies \\spad{generator = sum (input.i * coef.i)}"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|PolynomialInterpolation| |xx| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package exports interpolation algorithms")) (|interpolate| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) (|List| |#2|) (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{interpolate(lf,lg)} \\undocumented") (((|UnivariatePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) (|List| |#2|) (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{interpolate(u,lf,lg)} \\undocumented"))) @@ -3374,8 +3374,8 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedRing|)))) (|Polynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type is the basic representation of sparse recursive multivariate} polynomials whose variables are arbitrary symbols. The ordering is alphabetic determined by the Symbol type. The coefficient ring may be non commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(p,x)} computes the integral of \\spad{p*dx},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} integrates the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the variable \\spad{x}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|Symbol|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#1| #14=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #16=(|Fraction| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #15# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #14#)) (OR #18# #13#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|Symbol|) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #9=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #8#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #9#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9#))) #13=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #14=(|Fraction| #9#)))) #15=(|HasCategory| |#1| #16=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #13# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #14#)))) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #18=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #16#)) (OR #18# #15#)) (|PolynomialFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This package takes a mapping between coefficient rings,{} and lifts} it to a mapping between polynomials over those rings.")) (|map| (((|Polynomial| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(f, p)} produces a new polynomial as a result of applying the function \\spad{f} to every coefficient of the polynomial \\spad{p}."))) NIL @@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| #1=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #1#) (|HasCategory| |#4| #3=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #4=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #3#) (|HasCategory| |#4| #5=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #5#) (|HasCategory| |#4| #6=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #4#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #6#) (|HasCategory| |#4| #7=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #7#)) (|PolynomialCategory| R E |VarSet|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category for general multi-variate polynomials over a ring \\spad{R},{} in variables from VarSet,{} with exponents from the \\spadtype{OrderedAbelianMonoidSup}.")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "we can choose a unique representative for each associate class. This normalization is chosen to be normalization of leading coefficient (by default).")) (|squareFreePart| (($ $) "\\spad{squareFreePart(p)} returns product of all the irreducible factors of polynomial \\spad{p} each taken with multiplicity one.")) (|squareFree| (((|Factored| $) $) "\\spad{squareFree(p)} returns the square free factorization of the polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|primitivePart| (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{primitivePart(p,v)} returns the unitCanonical associate of the polynomial \\spad{p} with its content with respect to the variable \\spad{v} divided out.") (($ $) "\\spad{primitivePart(p)} returns the unitCanonical associate of the polynomial \\spad{p} with its content divided out.")) (|content| (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{content(p,v)} is the gcd of the coefficients of the polynomial \\spad{p} when \\spad{p} is viewed as a univariate polynomial with respect to the variable \\spad{v}. Thus,{} for polynomial 7*x**2*y + 14*x*y**2,{} the gcd of the coefficients with respect to \\spad{x} is 7*y.")) (|discriminant| (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{discriminant(p,v)} returns the disriminant of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the variable \\spad{v}.")) (|resultant| (($ $ $ |#3|) "\\spad{resultant(p,q,v)} returns the resultant of the polynomials \\spad{p} and \\spad{q} with respect to the variable \\spad{v}.")) (|primitiveMonomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{primitiveMonomials(p)} gives the list of monomials of the polynomial \\spad{p} with their coefficients removed. Note: \\spad{primitiveMonomials(sum(a_(i) X^(i))) = [X^(1),...,X^(n)]}.")) (|variables| (((|List| |#3|) $) "\\spad{variables(p)} returns the list of those variables actually appearing in the polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|totalDegree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ (|List| |#3|)) "\\spad{totalDegree(p, lv)} returns the maximum sum (over all monomials of polynomial \\spad{p}) of the variables in the list lv.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{totalDegree(p)} returns the largest sum over all monomials of all exponents of a monomial.")) (|isExpt| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |var| |#3|) (|:| |exponent| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "failed") $) "\\spad{isExpt(p)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if polynomial \\spad{p} has the form \\spad{x**n} and \\spad{n > 0}.")) (|isTimes| (((|Union| (|List| $) "failed") $) "\\spad{isTimes(p)} returns \\spad{[a1,...,an]} if polynomial \\spad{p = a1 ... an} and \\spad{n >= 2},{} and,{} for each \\spad{i},{} \\spad{ai} is either a nontrivial constant in \\spad{R} or else of the form \\spad{x**e},{} where \\spad{e > 0} is an integer and \\spad{x} in a member of VarSet.")) (|isPlus| (((|Union| (|List| $) "failed") $) "\\spad{isPlus(p)} returns \\spad{[m1,...,mn]} if polynomial \\spad{p = m1 + ... + mn} and \\spad{n >= 2} and each \\spad{mi} is a nonzero monomial.")) (|multivariate| (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) |#3|) "\\spad{multivariate(sup,v)} converts an anonymous univariable polynomial \\spad{sup} to a polynomial in the variable \\spad{v}.") (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) |#3|) "\\spad{multivariate(sup,v)} converts an anonymous univariable polynomial \\spad{sup} to a polynomial in the variable \\spad{v}.")) (|monomial| (($ $ (|List| |#3|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{monomial(a,[v1..vn],[e1..en])} returns \\spad{a*prod(vi**ei)}.") (($ $ |#3| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{monomial(a,x,n)} creates the monomial \\spad{a*x**n} where \\spad{a} is a polynomial,{} \\spad{x} is a variable and \\spad{n} is a nonnegative integer.")) (|monicDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $ |#3|) "\\spad{monicDivide(a,b,v)} divides the polynomial a by the polynomial \\spad{b},{} with each viewed as a univariate polynomial in \\spad{v} returning both the quotient and remainder. Error: if \\spad{b} is not monic with respect to \\spad{v}.")) (|minimumDegree| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $ (|List| |#3|)) "\\spad{minimumDegree(p, lv)} gives the list of minimum degrees of the polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to each of the variables in the list lv") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{minimumDegree(p,v)} gives the minimum degree of polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to \\spad{v},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} viewed a univariate polynomial in \\spad{v}")) (|mainVariable| (((|Union| |#3| "failed") $) "\\spad{mainVariable(p)} returns the biggest variable which actually occurs in the polynomial \\spad{p},{} or \"failed\" if no variables are present. fails precisely if polynomial satisfies ground?")) (|univariate| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{univariate(p)} converts the multivariate polynomial \\spad{p},{} which should actually involve only one variable,{} into a univariate polynomial in that variable,{} whose coefficients are in the ground ring. Error: if polynomial is genuinely multivariate") (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) $ |#3|) "\\spad{univariate(p,v)} converts the multivariate polynomial \\spad{p} into a univariate polynomial in \\spad{v},{} whose coefficients are still multivariate polynomials (in all the other variables).")) (|monomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{monomials(p)} returns the list of non-zero monomials of polynomial \\spad{p},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{monomials(sum(a_(i) X^(i))) = [a_(1) X^(1),...,a_(n) X^(n)]}.")) (|coefficient| (($ $ (|List| |#3|) (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) "\\spad{coefficient(p, lv, ln)} views the polynomial \\spad{p} as a polynomial in the variables of \\spad{lv} and returns the coefficient of the term \\spad{lv**ln},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{prod(lv_i ** ln_i)}.") (($ $ |#3| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(p,v,n)} views the polynomial \\spad{p} as a univariate polynomial in \\spad{v} and returns the coefficient of the \\spad{v**n} term.")) (|degree| (((|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) $ (|List| |#3|)) "\\spad{degree(p,lv)} gives the list of degrees of polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to each of the variables in the list \\spad{lv}.") (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ |#3|) "\\spad{degree(p,v)} gives the degree of polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to the variable \\spad{v}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) NIL (|PolynomialCategoryQuotientFunctions| E V R P F) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package transforms multivariate polynomials or fractions into univariate polynomials or fractions,{} and back.")) (|isPower| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |val| |#5|) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") |#5|) "\\spad{isPower(p)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|isExpt| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |var| |#2|) (|:| |exponent| (|Integer|))) "failed") |#5|) "\\spad{isExpt(p)} returns \\spad{[x, n]} if \\spad{p = x**n} and \\spad{n <> 0},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|isTimes| (((|Union| (|List| |#5|) "failed") |#5|) "\\spad{isTimes(p)} returns \\spad{[a1,...,an]} if \\spad{p = a1 ... an} and \\spad{n > 1},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|isPlus| (((|Union| (|List| |#5|) "failed") |#5|) "\\spad{isPlus(p)} returns [\\spad{m1},{}...,{}mn] if \\spad{p = m1 + ... + mn} and \\spad{n > 1},{} \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|multivariate| ((|#5| (|Fraction| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#5|)) |#2|) "\\spad{multivariate(f, v)} applies both the numerator and denominator of \\spad{f} to \\spad{v}.")) (|univariate| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#5|) |#5| |#2| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#5|)) "\\spad{univariate(f, x, p)} returns \\spad{f} viewed as a univariate polynomial in \\spad{x},{} using the side-condition \\spad{p(x) = 0}.") (((|Fraction| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#5|)) |#5| |#2|) "\\spad{univariate(f, v)} returns \\spad{f} viewed as a univariate rational function in \\spad{v}.")) (|mainVariable| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") |#5|) "\\spad{mainVariable(f)} returns the highest variable appearing in the numerator or the denominator of \\spad{f},{} \"failed\" if \\spad{f} has no variables.")) (|variables| (((|List| |#2|) |#5|) "\\spad{variables(f)} returns the list of variables appearing in the numerator or the denominator of \\spad{f}."))) @@ -3414,7 +3414,7 @@ NIL NIL (|PolynomialRing| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents generalized polynomials with coefficients (from a not necessarily commutative ring),{} and terms indexed by their exponents (from an arbitrary ordered abelian monoid). This type is used,{} for example,{} by the \\spadtype{DistributedMultivariatePolynomial} domain where the exponent domain is a direct product of non negative integers.")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "canonicalUnitNormal guarantees that the function unitCanonical returns the same representative for all associates of any particular element.")) (|fmecg| (($ $ |#2| |#1| $) "\\spad{fmecg(p1,e,r,p2)} finds \\spad{X} : \\spad{p1} - \\spad{r} * X**e * \\spad{p2}"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #4#) #5# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (OR #1# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #6# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (AND #4# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|)))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) (|PrecomputedAssociatedEquations| R L) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{PrecomputedAssociatedEquations} stores some generic precomputations which speed up the computations of the associated equations needed for factoring operators.")) (|firstUncouplingMatrix| (((|Union| (|Matrix| |#1|) "failed") |#2| (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{firstUncouplingMatrix(op, m)} returns the matrix A such that \\spad{A w = (W',W'',...,W^N)} in the corresponding associated equations for right-factors of order \\spad{m} of \\spad{op}. Returns \"failed\" if the matrix A has not been precomputed for the particular combination \\spad{degree(L), m}."))) @@ -3446,7 +3446,7 @@ NIL NIL (|Product| A B) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements cartesian product")) (|selectsecond| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{selectsecond(x)} \\undocumented")) (|selectfirst| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{selectfirst(x)} \\undocumented")) (|makeprod| (($ |#1| |#2|) "\\spad{makeprod(a,b)} \\undocumented"))) -((|unitsKnown| AND (|has| |#2| #1=(|Group|)) (|has| |#1| #1#))) +NIL ((OR #1=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #2=(QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #2#)) #3=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #4#))) #1# (OR #5=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #6=(QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #6#)) #1# #7=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #8=(QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #8#))) #7# (OR #5# #1# #7# #9=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #10#))) #11=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|Group|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #12#)) (OR #11# #13=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #14=(QUOTE (|Monoid|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #14#))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #15#)) (OR #5# #1# #7# #9# #11# #13#) #13# #9# #5# #3#) (|Property|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Author: Gabriel Dos Reis} Date Created: October 24,{} 2007 Date Last Modified: January 18,{} 2008. An `Property' is a pair of name and value.")) (|property| (($ (|Identifier|) (|SExpression|)) "\\spad{property(n,val)} constructs a property with name `n' and value `val'.")) (|value| (((|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{value(p)} returns value of property \\spad{p}")) (|name| (((|Identifier|) $) "\\spad{name(p)} returns the name of property \\spad{p}"))) @@ -3490,7 +3490,7 @@ NIL NIL (|PowerSeriesCategory| |Coef| |Expon| |Var|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{PowerSeriesCategory} is the most general power series category with exponents in an ordered abelian monoid.")) (|complete| (($ $) "\\spad{complete(f)} causes all terms of \\spad{f} to be computed. Note: this results in an infinite loop if \\spad{f} has infinitely many terms.")) (|pole?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{pole?(f)} determines if the power series \\spad{f} has a pole.")) (|variables| (((|List| |#3|) $) "\\spad{variables(f)} returns a list of the variables occuring in the power series \\spad{f}.")) (|degree| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{degree(f)} returns the exponent of the lowest order term of \\spad{f}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{leadingCoefficient(f)} returns the coefficient of the lowest order term of \\spad{f}")) (|leadingMonomial| (($ $) "\\spad{leadingMonomial(f)} returns the monomial of \\spad{f} of lowest order.")) (|monomial| (($ $ (|List| |#3|) (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{monomial(a,[x1,..,xk],[n1,..,nk])} computes \\spad{a * x1**n1 * .. * xk**nk}.") (($ $ |#3| |#2|) "\\spad{monomial(a,x,n)} computes \\spad{a*x**n}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|PlottableSpaceCurveCategory|) ((|constructor| (NIL "PlottableSpaceCurveCategory is the category of curves in 3-space which may be plotted via the graphics facilities. Functions are provided for obtaining lists of lists of points,{} representing the branches of the curve,{} and for determining the ranges of the x-,{} y-,{} and \\spad{z}-coordinates of the points on the curve.")) (|zRange| (((|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)) $) "\\spad{zRange(c)} returns the range of the \\spad{z}-coordinates of the points on the curve \\spad{c}.")) (|yRange| (((|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)) $) "\\spad{yRange(c)} returns the range of the \\spad{y}-coordinates of the points on the curve \\spad{c}.")) (|xRange| (((|Segment| (|DoubleFloat|)) $) "\\spad{xRange(c)} returns the range of the \\spad{x}-coordinates of the points on the curve \\spad{c}.")) (|listBranches| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|)))) $) "\\spad{listBranches(c)} returns a list of lists of points,{} representing the branches of the curve \\spad{c}."))) @@ -3562,7 +3562,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (|QuotientFieldCategory| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "QuotientField(\\spad{S}) is the category of fractions of an Integral Domain \\spad{S}.")) (|floor| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{floor(x)} returns the largest integral element below \\spad{x}.")) (|ceiling| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{ceiling(x)} returns the smallest integral element above \\spad{x}.")) (|random| (($) "\\spad{random()} returns a random fraction.")) (|fractionPart| (($ $) "\\spad{fractionPart(x)} returns the fractional part of \\spad{x}. \\spad{x} = wholePart(\\spad{x}) + fractionPart(\\spad{x})")) (|wholePart| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{wholePart(x)} returns the whole part of the fraction \\spad{x} \\spadignore{i.e.} the truncated quotient of the numerator by the denominator.")) (|denominator| (($ $) "\\spad{denominator(x)} is the denominator of the fraction \\spad{x} converted to \\%.")) (|numerator| (($ $) "\\spad{numerator(x)} is the numerator of the fraction \\spad{x} converted to \\%.")) (|denom| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{denom(x)} returns the denominator of the fraction \\spad{x}.")) (|numer| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{numer(x)} returns the numerator of the fraction \\spad{x}.")) (/ (($ |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{d1 / d2} returns the fraction \\spad{d1} divided by \\spad{d2}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|QuotientFieldCategoryFunctions2| A B R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package extends a function between integral domains to a mapping between their quotient fields.")) (|map| ((|#4| (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) |#3|) "\\spad{map(func,frac)} applies the function \\spad{func} to the numerator and denominator of \\spad{frac}."))) @@ -3582,15 +3582,15 @@ NIL NIL (|Quaternion| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{Quaternion} implements quaternions over a \\indented{2}{commutative ring. The main constructor function is \\spadfun{quatern}} \\indented{2}{which takes 4 arguments: the real part,{} the \\spad{i} imaginary part,{} the \\spad{j}} \\indented{2}{imaginary part and the \\spad{k} imaginary part.}"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|EntireRing|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EntireRing|))) #1#) #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #3=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #4=(|Symbol|)) #5=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #5# #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #4#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #4#))) (OR #1# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #3#))))) #6# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|EntireRing|))) +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|EntireRing|))) #1#) #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #3=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) (QUOTE #4=(|Symbol|)) #5=(|devaluate| |#1|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #5# #5#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #4#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #4#))) (OR #1# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #3#))))) #6# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (|QuaternionCategory&| S R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{QuaternionCategory} describes the category of quaternions and implements functions that are not representation specific.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(q)} returns \\spad{q} as a rational number,{} or \"failed\" if this is not possible. Note: if \\spad{rational?(q)} is \\spad{true},{} the conversion can be done and the rational number will be returned.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(q)} tries to convert \\spad{q} into a rational number. Error: if this is not possible. If \\spad{rational?(q)} is \\spad{true},{} the conversion will be done and the rational number returned.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(q)} returns {\\it \\spad{true}} if all the imaginary parts of \\spad{q} are zero and the real part can be converted into a rational number,{} and {\\it \\spad{false}} otherwise.")) (|abs| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{abs(q)} computes the absolute value of quaternion \\spad{q} (sqrt of norm).")) (|real| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{real(q)} extracts the real part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|quatern| (($ |#2| |#2| |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{quatern(r,i,j,k)} constructs a quaternion from scalars.")) (|norm| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{norm(q)} computes the norm of \\spad{q} (the sum of the squares of the components).")) (|imagK| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{imagK(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{k} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|imagJ| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{imagJ(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{j} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|imagI| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{imagI(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{i} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $) "\\spad{conjugate(q)} negates the imaginary parts of quaternion \\spad{q}."))) NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EntireRing|)))) (|QuaternionCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{QuaternionCategory} describes the category of quaternions and implements functions that are not representation specific.")) (|rationalIfCan| (((|Union| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) "failed") $) "\\spad{rationalIfCan(q)} returns \\spad{q} as a rational number,{} or \"failed\" if this is not possible. Note: if \\spad{rational?(q)} is \\spad{true},{} the conversion can be done and the rational number will be returned.")) (|rational| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rational(q)} tries to convert \\spad{q} into a rational number. Error: if this is not possible. If \\spad{rational?(q)} is \\spad{true},{} the conversion will be done and the rational number returned.")) (|rational?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{rational?(q)} returns {\\it \\spad{true}} if all the imaginary parts of \\spad{q} are zero and the real part can be converted into a rational number,{} and {\\it \\spad{false}} otherwise.")) (|abs| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{abs(q)} computes the absolute value of quaternion \\spad{q} (sqrt of norm).")) (|real| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{real(q)} extracts the real part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|quatern| (($ |#1| |#1| |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{quatern(r,i,j,k)} constructs a quaternion from scalars.")) (|norm| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{norm(q)} computes the norm of \\spad{q} (the sum of the squares of the components).")) (|imagK| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagK(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{k} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|imagJ| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagJ(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{j} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|imagI| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{imagI(q)} extracts the imaginary \\spad{i} part of quaternion \\spad{q}.")) (|conjugate| (($ $) "\\spad{conjugate(q)} negates the imaginary parts of quaternion \\spad{q}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|EntireRing|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|EntireRing|))) NIL (|QuaternionCategoryFunctions2| QR R QS S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{QuaternionCategoryFunctions2} implements functions between two quaternion domains. The function \\spadfun{map} is used by the system interpreter to coerce between quaternion types.")) (|map| ((|#3| (|Mapping| |#4| |#2|) |#1|) "\\spad{map(f,u)} maps \\spad{f} onto the component parts of the quaternion \\spad{u}."))) @@ -3610,12 +3610,12 @@ NIL NIL (|RadicalFunctionField| F UP UPUP |radicnd| |n|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Function field defined by y**n = \\spad{f}(\\spad{x})."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) . #2=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| #1# . #2#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| #1# . #2#) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| #1# #4=(QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #3# (|HasCategory| #1# #5=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #6# #7=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #8=(AND #3# #9=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|))))) (AND #2# #9#)) (OR #8# #11=(AND #3# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#))))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #12=(|Integer|)))) (OR #3# #13=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #12#))))) #13# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| #5#) #7# #11# #6# #8#) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) . #2=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| #1# . #2#) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +((|HasCategory| #1=(|Fraction| |#2|) (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #2=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #3=(|HasCategory| #1# #4=(QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #3# (|HasCategory| #1# #5=(QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #6=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #6# #7=(AND (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #3#) #2#) (OR #8=(AND #3# #9=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #10=(|Symbol|))))) (AND #2# #9#)) (OR #8# #11=(AND #3# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #10#))))) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #12=(|Integer|)))) (OR #3# #13=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #12#))))) #13# (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #12#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| #5#) #11# #7# #6# #8#) (|RadixExpansion| |bb|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain allows rational numbers to be presented as repeating decimal expansions or more generally as repeating expansions in any base.")) (|fractRadix| (($ (|List| (|Integer|)) (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{fractRadix(pre,cyc)} creates a fractional radix expansion from a list of prefix ragits and a list of cyclic ragits. For example,{} \\spad{fractRadix([1],[6])} will return \\spad{0.16666666...}.")) (|wholeRadix| (($ (|List| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{wholeRadix(l)} creates an integral radix expansion from a list of ragits. For example,{} \\spad{wholeRadix([1,3,4])} will return \\spad{134}.")) (|cycleRagits| (((|List| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{cycleRagits(rx)} returns the cyclic part of the ragits of the fractional part of a radix expansion. For example,{} if \\spad{x = 3/28 = 0.10 714285 714285 ...},{} then \\spad{cycleRagits(x) = [7,1,4,2,8,5]}.")) (|prefixRagits| (((|List| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{prefixRagits(rx)} returns the non-cyclic part of the ragits of the fractional part of a radix expansion. For example,{} if \\spad{x = 3/28 = 0.10 714285 714285 ...},{} then \\spad{prefixRagits(x)=[1,0]}.")) (|fractRagits| (((|Stream| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{fractRagits(rx)} returns the ragits of the fractional part of a radix expansion.")) (|wholeRagits| (((|List| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{wholeRagits(rx)} returns the ragits of the integer part of a radix expansion.")) (|fractionPart| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{fractionPart(rx)} returns the fractional part of a radix expansion."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|Integer|) (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #2# #5=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|))) #6=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) (OR #6# #7#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#)))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|InnerEvalable| #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Evalable| #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Eltable| #2# #2#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#))) #9=(AND (|HasCategory| $ #5#) #1#) (OR #9# #4#)) (|RadixUtilities|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides tools for creating radix expansions.")) (|radix| (((|Any|) (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{radix(x,b)} converts \\spad{x} to a radix expansion in base \\spad{b}."))) NIL @@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@ NIL NIL (|RealClosedField|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\axiomType{RealClosedField} provides common acces functions for all real closed fields.")) (|approximate| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ $) "\\axiom{approximate(\\spad{n},{}\\spad{p})} gives an approximation of \\axiom{\\spad{n}} that has precision \\axiom{\\spad{p}}")) (|rename| (($ $ (|OutputForm|)) "\\axiom{rename(\\spad{x},{}name)} gives a new number that prints as name")) (|rename!| (($ $ (|OutputForm|)) "\\axiom{rename!(\\spad{x},{}name)} changes the way \\axiom{\\spad{x}} is printed")) (|sqrt| (($ (|Integer|)) "\\axiom{sqrt(\\spad{x})} is \\axiom{\\spad{x} ** (1/2)}") (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{sqrt(\\spad{x})} is \\axiom{\\spad{x} ** (1/2)}") (($ $) "\\axiom{sqrt(\\spad{x})} is \\axiom{\\spad{x} ** (1/2)}") (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{sqrt(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{n})} is \\axiom{\\spad{x} ** (1/n)}")) (|allRootsOf| (((|List| $) (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely") (((|List| $) (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely") (((|List| $) (|Polynomial| $)) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely") (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely") (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely") (((|List| $) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "\\axiom{allRootsOf(pol)} creates all the roots of \\axiom{pol} naming each uniquely")) (|rootOf| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\axiom{rootOf(pol,{}\\spad{n})} creates the \\spad{n}th root for the order of \\axiom{pol} and gives it unique name") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) (|PositiveInteger|) (|OutputForm|)) "\\axiom{rootOf(pol,{}\\spad{n},{}name)} creates the \\spad{n}th root for the order of \\axiom{pol} and names it \\axiom{name}")) (|mainValue| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) "failed") $) "\\axiom{mainValue(\\spad{x})} is the expression of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} in terms of \\axiom{SparseUnivariatePolynomial(\\$)}")) (|mainDefiningPolynomial| (((|Union| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $) "failed") $) "\\axiom{mainDefiningPolynomial(\\spad{x})} is the defining polynomial for the main algebraic quantity of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}")) (|mainForm| (((|Union| (|OutputForm|) "failed") $) "\\axiom{mainForm(\\spad{x})} is the main algebraic quantity name of \\axiom{\\spad{x}}"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|ElementaryRischDE| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{Risch differential equation,{} elementary case.} Author: Manuel Bronstein Date Created: 1 February 1988 Date Last Updated: 2 November 1995 Keywords: elementary,{} function,{} integration.")) (|rischDE| (((|Record| (|:| |ans| |#2|) (|:| |right| |#2|) (|:| |sol?| (|Boolean|))) (|Integer|) |#2| |#2| (|Symbol|) (|Mapping| (|Union| (|Record| (|:| |mainpart| |#2|) (|:| |limitedlogs| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |coeff| |#2|) (|:| |logand| |#2|))))) "failed") |#2| (|List| |#2|)) (|Mapping| (|Union| (|Record| (|:| |ratpart| |#2|) (|:| |coeff| |#2|)) "failed") |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{rischDE(n, f, g, x, lim, ext)} returns \\spad{[y, h, b]} such that \\spad{dy/dx + n df/dx y = h} and \\spad{b := h = g}. The equation \\spad{dy/dx + n df/dx y = g} has no solution if \\spad{h \\~~= g} (\\spad{y} is a partial solution in that case). Notes: \\spad{lim} is a limited integration function,{} and ext is an extended integration function."))) @@ -3694,7 +3694,7 @@ NIL NIL (|RealClosure| |TheField|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements the real closure of an ordered field.")) (|relativeApprox| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $ $) "\\axiom{relativeApprox(\\spad{n},{}\\spad{p})} gives a relative approximation of \\axiom{\\spad{n}} that has precision \\axiom{\\spad{p}}")) (|mainCharacterization| (((|Union| (|RightOpenIntervalRootCharacterization| $ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) "failed") $) "\\axiom{mainCharacterization(\\spad{x})} is the main algebraic quantity of \\axiom{\\spad{x}} (\\axiom{SEG})")) (|algebraicOf| (($ (|RightOpenIntervalRootCharacterization| $ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| $)) (|OutputForm|)) "\\axiom{algebraicOf(char)} is the external number"))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((OR #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| #2=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3=(|Integer|)))) #4=(|HasCategory| #5=(|Fraction| #3#) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| #6=(QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #5#))) #1# (|HasCategory| #5# #6#) #4#) (|ReductionOfOrder| F L) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{ReductionOfOrder} provides functions for reducing the order of linear ordinary differential equations once some solutions are known.")) (|ReduceOrder| (((|Record| (|:| |eq| |#2|) (|:| |op| (|List| |#1|))) |#2| (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{ReduceOrder(op, [f1,...,fk])} returns \\spad{[op1,[g1,...,gk]]} such that for any solution \\spad{z} of \\spad{op1 z = 0},{} \\spad{y = gk \\int(g_{k-1} \\int(... \\int(g1 \\int z)...)} is a solution of \\spad{op y = 0}. Each \\spad{fi} must satisfy \\spad{op fi = 0}.") ((|#2| |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{ReduceOrder(op, s)} returns \\spad{op1} such that for any solution \\spad{z} of \\spad{op1 z = 0},{} \\spad{y = s \\int z} is a solution of \\spad{op y = 0}. \\spad{s} must satisfy \\spad{op s = 0}."))) @@ -3734,7 +3734,7 @@ NIL NIL (|ResidueRing| F |Expon| |VarSet| |FPol| |LFPol|) ((|constructor| (NIL "ResidueRing is the quotient of a polynomial ring by an ideal. The ideal is given as a list of generators. The elements of the domain are equivalence classes expressed in terms of reduced elements")) (|lift| ((|#4| $) "\\spad{lift(x)} return the canonical representative of the equivalence class \\spad{x}")) (|coerce| (($ |#4|) "\\spad{coerce(f)} produces the equivalence class of \\spad{f} in the residue ring")) (|reduce| (($ |#4|) "\\spad{reduce(f)} produces the equivalence class of \\spad{f} in the residue ring"))) -(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|ReturnAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents `return' expressions.")) (|expression| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{expression(e)} returns the expression returned by `e'."))) @@ -3785,12 +3785,12 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|Ring&| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of rings with unity,{} always associative,{} but not necessarily commutative.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "recip truly yields reciprocal or \"failed\" if not a unit. Note: \\spad{recip(0) = \"failed\"}.")) (|characteristic| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{characteristic()} returns the characteristic of the ring this is the smallest positive integer \\spad{n} such that \\spad{n*x=0} for all \\spad{x} in the ring,{} or zero if no such \\spad{n} exists."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of rings with unity,{} always associative,{} but not necessarily commutative.")) (|characteristic| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{characteristic()} returns the characteristic of the ring this is the smallest positive integer \\spad{n} such that \\spad{n*x=0} for all \\spad{x} in the ring,{} or zero if no such \\spad{n} exists."))) NIL NIL (|Ring|) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category of rings with unity,{} always associative,{} but not necessarily commutative.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "recip truly yields reciprocal or \"failed\" if not a unit. Note: \\spad{recip(0) = \"failed\"}.")) (|characteristic| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{characteristic()} returns the characteristic of the ring this is the smallest positive integer \\spad{n} such that \\spad{n*x=0} for all \\spad{x} in the ring,{} or zero if no such \\spad{n} exists."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category of rings with unity,{} always associative,{} but not necessarily commutative.")) (|characteristic| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{characteristic()} returns the characteristic of the ring this is the smallest positive integer \\spad{n} such that \\spad{n*x=0} for all \\spad{x} in the ring,{} or zero if no such \\spad{n} exists."))) +NIL NIL (|RationalInterpolation| |xx| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package exports rational interpolation algorithms"))) @@ -3806,12 +3806,12 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|RectangularMatrixCategory| |m| |n| R |Row| |Col|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{RectangularMatrixCategory} is a category of matrices of fixed dimensions. The dimensions of the matrix will be parameters of the domain. Domains in this category will be \\spad{R}-modules and will be non-mutable.")) (|nullSpace| (((|List| |#5|) $) "\\spad{nullSpace(m)}+ returns a basis for the null space of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|nullity| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{nullity(m)} returns the nullity of the matrix \\spad{m}. This is the dimension of the null space of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|rank| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{rank(m)} returns the rank of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|rowEchelon| (($ $) "\\spad{rowEchelon(m)} returns the row echelon form of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (/ (($ $ |#3|) "\\spad{m/r} divides the elements of \\spad{m} by \\spad{r}. Error: if \\spad{r = 0}.")) (|exquo| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ |#3|) "\\spad{exquo(m,r)} computes the exact quotient of the elements of \\spad{m} by \\spad{r},{} returning \\axiom{\"failed\"} if this is not possible.")) (|map| (($ (|Mapping| |#3| |#3| |#3|) $ $) "\\spad{map(f,a,b)} returns \\spad{c},{} where \\spad{c} is such that \\spad{c(i,j) = f(a(i,j),b(i,j))} for all \\spad{i},{} \\spad{j}.")) (|column| ((|#5| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{column(m,j)} returns the \\spad{j}th column of the matrix \\spad{m}. Error: if the index outside the proper range.")) (|row| ((|#4| $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{row(m,i)} returns the \\spad{i}th row of the matrix \\spad{m}. Error: if the index is outside the proper range.")) (|qelt| ((|#3| $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{qelt(m,i,j)} returns the element in the \\spad{i}th row and \\spad{j}th column of the matrix \\spad{m}. Note: there is NO error check to determine if indices are in the proper ranges.")) (|elt| ((|#3| $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|) |#3|) "\\spad{elt(m,i,j,r)} returns the element in the \\spad{i}th row and \\spad{j}th column of the matrix \\spad{m},{} if \\spad{m} has an \\spad{i}th row and a \\spad{j}th column,{} and returns \\spad{r} otherwise.") ((|#3| $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{elt(m,i,j)} returns the element in the \\spad{i}th row and \\spad{j}th column of the matrix \\spad{m}. Error: if indices are outside the proper ranges.")) (|listOfLists| (((|List| (|List| |#3|)) $) "\\spad{listOfLists(m)} returns the rows of the matrix \\spad{m} as a list of lists.")) (|ncols| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{ncols(m)} returns the number of columns in the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|nrows| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{nrows(m)} returns the number of rows in the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|maxColIndex| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{maxColIndex(m)} returns the index of the 'last' column of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|minColIndex| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{minColIndex(m)} returns the index of the 'first' column of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|maxRowIndex| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{maxRowIndex(m)} returns the index of the 'last' row of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|minRowIndex| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{minRowIndex(m)} returns the index of the 'first' row of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|antisymmetric?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{antisymmetric?(m)} returns \\spad{true} if the matrix \\spad{m} is square and antisymmetric (\\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{m[i,j] = -m[j,i]} for all \\spad{i} and \\spad{j}) and \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|symmetric?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{symmetric?(m)} returns \\spad{true} if the matrix \\spad{m} is square and symmetric (\\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{m[i,j] = m[j,i]} for all \\spad{i} and \\spad{j}) and \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|diagonal?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{diagonal?(m)} returns \\spad{true} if the matrix \\spad{m} is square and diagonal (\\spadignore{i.e.} all entries of \\spad{m} not on the diagonal are zero) and \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|square?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{square?(m)} returns \\spad{true} if \\spad{m} is a square matrix (\\spadignore{i.e.} if \\spad{m} has the same number of rows as columns) and \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|matrix| (($ (|List| (|List| |#3|))) "\\spad{matrix(l)} converts the list of lists \\spad{l} to a matrix,{} where the list of lists is viewed as a list of the rows of the matrix."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|RectangularMatrix| |m| |n| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{RectangularMatrix} is a matrix domain where the number of rows and the number of columns are parameters of the domain.")) (|rectangularMatrix| (($ (|Matrix| |#3|)) "\\spad{rectangularMatrix(m)} converts a matrix of type \\spadtype{Matrix} to a matrix of type \\spad{RectangularMatrix}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR (AND #1# #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #3=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #4=(AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #1# #3#) #3# (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4# #5# (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|))))) +NIL +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR (AND #1# #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #3=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) #4=(AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (OR #1# #3#) #3# (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #5# #4#) (|RectangularMatrixCategoryFunctions2| |m| |n| R1 |Row1| |Col1| M1 R2 |Row2| |Col2| M2) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{RectangularMatrixCategoryFunctions2} provides functions between two matrix domains. The functions provided are \\spadfun{map} and \\spadfun{reduce}.")) (|reduce| ((|#7| (|Mapping| |#7| |#3| |#7|) |#6| |#7|) "\\spad{reduce(f,m,r)} returns a matrix \\spad{n} where \\spad{n[i,j] = f(m[i,j],r)} for all indices spad{\\spad{i}} and \\spad{j}.")) (|map| ((|#10| (|Mapping| |#7| |#3|) |#6|) "\\spad{map(f,m)} applies the function \\spad{f} to the elements of the matrix \\spad{m}."))) NIL @@ -3838,15 +3838,15 @@ NIL NIL (|RealNumberSystem|) ((|constructor| (NIL "The real number system category is intended as a model for the real numbers. The real numbers form an ordered normed field. Note that we have purposely not included \\spadtype{DifferentialRing} or the elementary functions (see \\spadtype{TranscendentalFunctionCategory}) in the definition.")) (|round| (($ $) "\\spad{round x} computes the integer closest to \\spad{x}.")) (|truncate| (($ $) "\\spad{truncate x} returns the integer between \\spad{x} and 0 closest to \\spad{x}.")) (|fractionPart| (($ $) "\\spad{fractionPart x} returns the fractional part of \\spad{x}.")) (|wholePart| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{wholePart x} returns the integer part of \\spad{x}.")) (|floor| (($ $) "\\spad{floor x} returns the largest integer \\spad{<= x}.")) (|ceiling| (($ $) "\\spad{ceiling x} returns the small integer \\spad{>= x}.")) (|norm| (($ $) "\\spad{norm x} returns the same as absolute value."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|RightOpenIntervalRootCharacterization| |TheField| |ThePolDom|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\axiomType{RightOpenIntervalRootCharacterization} provides work with interval root coding.")) (|relativeApprox| ((|#1| |#2| $ |#1|) "\\axiom{relativeApprox(exp,{}\\spad{c},{}\\spad{p}) = a} is relatively close to exp as a polynomial in \\spad{c} ip to precision \\spad{p}")) (|mightHaveRoots| (((|Boolean|) |#2| $) "\\axiom{mightHaveRoots(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})} is \\spad{false} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}.\\spad{r}} is not 0")) (|refine| (($ $) "\\axiom{refine(rootChar)} shrinks isolating interval around \\axiom{rootChar}")) (|middle| ((|#1| $) "\\axiom{middle(rootChar)} is the middle of the isolating interval")) (|size| ((|#1| $) "The size of the isolating interval")) (|right| ((|#1| $) "\\axiom{right(rootChar)} is the right bound of the isolating interval")) (|left| ((|#1| $) "\\axiom{left(rootChar)} is the left bound of the isolating interval"))) NIL NIL (|RomanNumeral|) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{RomanNumeral} provides functions for converting \\indented{1}{integers to roman numerals.}")) (|roman| (($ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{roman(n)} creates a roman numeral for \\spad{n}.") (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{roman(n)} creates a roman numeral for symbol \\spad{n}.")) (|noetherian| ((|attribute|) "ascending chain condition on ideals.")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "two positives multiply to give positive.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "mathematical equality is data structure equality."))) -((|noetherian| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{RomanNumeral} provides functions for converting \\indented{1}{integers to roman numerals.}")) (|roman| (($ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{roman(n)} creates a roman numeral for \\spad{n}.") (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{roman(n)} creates a roman numeral for symbol \\spad{n}.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "mathematical equality is data structure equality."))) +((|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|RecursivePolynomialCategory&| S R E V) ((|constructor| (NIL "A category for general multi-variate polynomials with coefficients in a ring,{} variables in an ordered set,{} and exponents from an ordered abelian monoid,{} with a \\axiomOp{sup} operation. When not constant,{} such a polynomial is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable \\spad{w}. \\spad{r}. \\spad{t}. to the total ordering on the elements in the ordered set,{} so that some operations usually defined for univariate polynomials make sense here.")) (|mainSquareFreePart| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainSquareFreePart(\\spad{p})} returns the square free part of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|mainPrimitivePart| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainPrimitivePart(\\spad{p})} returns the primitive part of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|mainContent| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainContent(\\spad{p})} returns the content of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|primitivePart!| (($ $) "\\axiom{primitivePart!(\\spad{p})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by its primitive part.")) (|gcd| ((|#2| |#2| $) "\\axiom{gcd(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{p})} returns the gcd of \\axiom{\\spad{r}} and the content of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|nextsubResultant2| (($ $ $ $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{nextsubResultant2}(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{z},{}\\spad{s})} is the multivariate version of the operation \\axiomOpFrom{\\spad{next_sousResultant2}}{PseudoRemainderSequence} from the \\axiomType{PseudoRemainderSequence} constructor.")) (|LazardQuotient2| (($ $ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{\\spad{LazardQuotient2}(\\spad{p},{}a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{(a**(\\spad{n}-1) * \\spad{p}) exquo b**(\\spad{n}-1)} assuming that this quotient does not fail.")) (|LazardQuotient| (($ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{LazardQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{a**n exquo b**(\\spad{n}-1)} assuming that this quotient does not fail.")) (|lastSubResultant| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lastSubResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the last non-zero subresultant of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|subResultantChain| (((|List| $) $ $) "\\axiom{subResultantChain(a,{}\\spad{b})},{} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are not contant polynomials with the same main variable,{} returns the subresultant chain of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|resultant| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{resultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the resultant of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}cb]} if \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{}cb]} otherwise produces an error.")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca]} if \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{}cb]} otherwise produces an error.")) (|extendedSubResultantGcd| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[ca,{}cb,{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r}} is \\axiom{subResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} and we have \\axiom{ca * a + cb * cb = \\spad{r}} .")) (|subResultantGcd| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{subResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes a gcd of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}} with coefficients in the fraction field of the polynomial ring generated by their other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|exactQuotient!| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{exactQuotient!(a,{}\\spad{b})} replaces \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{exactQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b})}") (($ $ |#2|) "\\axiom{exactQuotient!(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{exactQuotient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})}.")) (|exactQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{exactQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the exact quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} which is assumed to be a divisor of \\axiom{a}. No error is returned if this exact quotient fails!") (($ $ |#2|) "\\axiom{exactQuotient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})} computes the exact quotient of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}},{} which is assumed to be a divisor of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}. No error is returned if this exact quotient fails!")) (|primPartElseUnitCanonical!| (($ $) "\\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical!(\\spad{p})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical(\\spad{p})}.")) (|primPartElseUnitCanonical| (($ $) "\\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{primitivePart(\\spad{p})} if \\axiom{\\spad{R}} is a gcd-domain,{} otherwise \\axiom{unitCanonical(\\spad{p})}.")) (|convert| (($ (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}},{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}.")) (|retract| (($ (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.")) (|retractIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#2|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.")) (|initiallyReduce| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduce(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{b})} holds and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} is zero modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|headReduce| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{headReduce(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{b})} holds and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} is zero modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|lazyResidueClass| (((|Record| (|:| |polnum| $) (|:| |polden| $) (|:| |power| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyResidueClass(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{n}]} where \\axiom{\\spad{p} / q**n} represents the residue class of \\axiom{a} modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})}.")) (|monicModulo| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{monicModulo(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes \\axiom{a mod \\spad{b}},{} if \\axiom{\\spad{b}} is monic as univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|pseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{pseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes \\axiom{[pquo(a,{}\\spad{b}),{}prem(a,{}\\spad{b})]},{} both polynomials viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} if \\axiom{\\spad{b}} is not a constant polynomial.")) (|lazyPseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})},{} \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is the pseudo-quotient computed in this lazy pseudo-division.") (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}] = lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b})} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is the pseudo-quotient computed in this lazy pseudo-division.")) (|lazyPremWithDefault| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} and \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})}.") (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b})} and \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b})}.")) (|lazyPquo| (($ $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{lazyPquo(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} such that \\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPquo(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} such that \\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]}.")) (|lazyPrem| (($ $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} viewed as univariate polynomials in the variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} such that \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} where \\axiom{\\spad{e}} is the number of steps of this pseudo-division.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and such that \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} where \\axiom{\\spad{e}} is the number of steps of this pseudo-division.")) (|pquo| (($ $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{pquo(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} computes the pseudo-quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{pquo(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the pseudo-quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|prem| (($ $ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} computes the pseudo-remainder of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{prem(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the pseudo-remainder of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|normalized?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{normalized?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{a} and its iterated initials have degree zero \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}")) (|initiallyReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{false} iff there exists an iterated initial of \\axiom{a} which is not reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|headReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{headReduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{degree(head(a),{}mvar(\\spad{b})) < mdeg(\\spad{b})}.")) (|reduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{reduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{reduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{reduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{degree(a,{}mvar(\\spad{b})) < mdeg(\\spad{b})}.")) (|supRittWu?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{supRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} if \\axiom{a} is greater than \\axiom{\\spad{b}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard.")) (|infRittWu?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{infRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} if \\axiom{a} is less than \\axiom{\\spad{b}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard.")) (|RittWuCompare| (((|Union| (|Boolean|) "failed") $ $) "\\axiom{RittWuCompare(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{\"failed\"} if \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} have same rank \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard,{} otherwise returns \\axiom{infRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})}.")) (|mainMonomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{mainMonomials(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns [1],{} otherwise returns the list of the monomials of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mainCoefficients| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{mainCoefficients(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns [\\spad{p}],{} otherwise returns the list of the coefficients of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|leastMonomial| (($ $) "\\axiom{leastMonomial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{1},{} otherwise,{} the monomial of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} with lowest degree,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mainMonomial| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainMonomial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{1},{} otherwise,{} \\axiom{mvar(\\spad{p})} raised to the power \\axiom{mdeg(\\spad{p})}.")) (|quasiMonic?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{quasiMonic?(\\spad{p})} returns \\spad{false} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns \\spad{true} iff the initial of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} lies in the base ring \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|monic?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{monic?(\\spad{p})} returns \\spad{false} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is monic as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|reductum| (($ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{reductum(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{v})} returns the reductum of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| (($ $ |#4|) "\\axiom{leadingCoefficient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{v})} returns the leading coefficient of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as A univariate polynomial in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|deepestInitial| (($ $) "\\axiom{deepestInitial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns the last term of \\axiom{iteratedInitials(\\spad{p})}.")) (|iteratedInitials| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{iteratedInitials(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{[]} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns the list of the iterated initials of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|deepestTail| (($ $) "\\axiom{deepestTail(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{0} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns tail(\\spad{p}),{} if \\axiom{tail(\\spad{p})} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} or \\axiom{mvar(tail(\\spad{p})) < mvar(\\spad{p})},{} otherwise returns \\axiom{deepestTail(tail(\\spad{p}))}.")) (|tail| (($ $) "\\axiom{tail(\\spad{p})} returns its reductum,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|head| (($ $) "\\axiom{head(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its leading term (monomial in the AXIOM sense),{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|init| (($ $) "\\axiom{init(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its leading coefficient,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mdeg| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{mdeg(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{0},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{0},{} otherwise,{} returns the degree of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in its main variable.")) (|mvar| ((|#4| $) "\\axiom{mvar(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its main variable \\spad{w}. \\spad{r}. \\spad{t}. to the total ordering on the elements in \\axiom{\\spad{V}}."))) @@ -3854,7 +3854,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #1=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|QuotientFieldCategory| #1#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #1#)))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Symbol|))))) (|RecursivePolynomialCategory| R E V) ((|constructor| (NIL "A category for general multi-variate polynomials with coefficients in a ring,{} variables in an ordered set,{} and exponents from an ordered abelian monoid,{} with a \\axiomOp{sup} operation. When not constant,{} such a polynomial is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable \\spad{w}. \\spad{r}. \\spad{t}. to the total ordering on the elements in the ordered set,{} so that some operations usually defined for univariate polynomials make sense here.")) (|mainSquareFreePart| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainSquareFreePart(\\spad{p})} returns the square free part of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|mainPrimitivePart| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainPrimitivePart(\\spad{p})} returns the primitive part of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|mainContent| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainContent(\\spad{p})} returns the content of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable and with coefficients in the polynomial ring generated by its other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|primitivePart!| (($ $) "\\axiom{primitivePart!(\\spad{p})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by its primitive part.")) (|gcd| ((|#1| |#1| $) "\\axiom{gcd(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{p})} returns the gcd of \\axiom{\\spad{r}} and the content of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|nextsubResultant2| (($ $ $ $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{nextsubResultant2}(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{z},{}\\spad{s})} is the multivariate version of the operation \\axiomOpFrom{\\spad{next_sousResultant2}}{PseudoRemainderSequence} from the \\axiomType{PseudoRemainderSequence} constructor.")) (|LazardQuotient2| (($ $ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{\\spad{LazardQuotient2}(\\spad{p},{}a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{(a**(\\spad{n}-1) * \\spad{p}) exquo b**(\\spad{n}-1)} assuming that this quotient does not fail.")) (|LazardQuotient| (($ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{LazardQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{a**n exquo b**(\\spad{n}-1)} assuming that this quotient does not fail.")) (|lastSubResultant| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lastSubResultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the last non-zero subresultant of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|subResultantChain| (((|List| $) $ $) "\\axiom{subResultantChain(a,{}\\spad{b})},{} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are not contant polynomials with the same main variable,{} returns the subresultant chain of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|resultant| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{resultant(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the resultant of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd2}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}cb]} if \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{}cb]} otherwise produces an error.")) (|halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{\\spad{halfExtendedSubResultantGcd1}(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca]} if \\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{g},{}ca,{}cb]} otherwise produces an error.")) (|extendedSubResultantGcd| (((|Record| (|:| |gcd| $) (|:| |coef1| $) (|:| |coef2| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{extendedSubResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[ca,{}cb,{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r}} is \\axiom{subResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} and we have \\axiom{ca * a + cb * cb = \\spad{r}} .")) (|subResultantGcd| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{subResultantGcd(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes a gcd of \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} where \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} are assumed to have the same main variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} and are viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}} with coefficients in the fraction field of the polynomial ring generated by their other variables over \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|exactQuotient!| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{exactQuotient!(a,{}\\spad{b})} replaces \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{exactQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b})}") (($ $ |#1|) "\\axiom{exactQuotient!(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{exactQuotient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})}.")) (|exactQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{exactQuotient(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the exact quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} which is assumed to be a divisor of \\axiom{a}. No error is returned if this exact quotient fails!") (($ $ |#1|) "\\axiom{exactQuotient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{r})} computes the exact quotient of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{\\spad{r}},{} which is assumed to be a divisor of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}. No error is returned if this exact quotient fails!")) (|primPartElseUnitCanonical!| (($ $) "\\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical!(\\spad{p})} replaces \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by \\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical(\\spad{p})}.")) (|primPartElseUnitCanonical| (($ $) "\\axiom{primPartElseUnitCanonical(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{primitivePart(\\spad{p})} if \\axiom{\\spad{R}} is a gcd-domain,{} otherwise \\axiom{unitCanonical(\\spad{p})}.")) (|convert| (($ (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}},{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{convert(\\spad{p})} returns the same as \\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})}.")) (|retract| (($ (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.") (($ (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{retract(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if \\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} does not return \"failed\",{} otherwise an error is produced.")) (|retractIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|Polynomial| (|Fraction| (|Integer|)))) "\\axiom{retractIfCan(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as an element of the current domain if all its variables belong to \\axiom{\\spad{V}}.")) (|initiallyReduce| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduce(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{b})} holds and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} is zero modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|headReduce| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{headReduce(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{b})} holds and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} is zero modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|lazyResidueClass| (((|Record| (|:| |polnum| $) (|:| |polden| $) (|:| |power| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyResidueClass(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{n}]} where \\axiom{\\spad{p} / q**n} represents the residue class of \\axiom{a} modulo \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})}.")) (|monicModulo| (($ $ $) "\\axiom{monicModulo(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes \\axiom{a mod \\spad{b}},{} if \\axiom{\\spad{b}} is monic as univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|pseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{pseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes \\axiom{[pquo(a,{}\\spad{b}),{}prem(a,{}\\spad{b})]},{} both polynomials viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} if \\axiom{\\spad{b}} is not a constant polynomial.")) (|lazyPseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})},{} \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is the pseudo-quotient computed in this lazy pseudo-division.") (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}] = lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b})} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} is the pseudo-quotient computed in this lazy pseudo-division.")) (|lazyPremWithDefault| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} and \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})}.") (((|Record| (|:| |coef| $) (|:| |gap| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPremWithDefault(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{r}]} such that \\axiom{\\spad{r} = lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b})} and \\axiom{(c**g)*r = prem(a,{}\\spad{b})}.")) (|lazyPquo| (($ $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{lazyPquo(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} such that \\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPquo(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} such that \\axiom{lazyPseudoDivide(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{[\\spad{c},{}\\spad{g},{}\\spad{q},{}\\spad{r}]}.")) (|lazyPrem| (($ $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} viewed as univariate polynomials in the variable \\axiom{\\spad{v}} such that \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} where \\axiom{\\spad{e}} is the number of steps of this pseudo-division.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{lazyPrem(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns the polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{\\spad{b}} and such that \\axiom{\\spad{b}} divides \\axiom{init(\\spad{b})^e a - \\spad{r}} where \\axiom{\\spad{e}} is the number of steps of this pseudo-division.")) (|pquo| (($ $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{pquo(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} computes the pseudo-quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{pquo(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the pseudo-quotient of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|prem| (($ $ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{prem(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{v})} computes the pseudo-remainder of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.") (($ $ $) "\\axiom{prem(a,{}\\spad{b})} computes the pseudo-remainder of \\axiom{a} by \\axiom{\\spad{b}},{} both viewed as univariate polynomials in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|normalized?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{normalized?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{a} and its iterated initials have degree zero \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{b}}")) (|initiallyReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{false} iff there exists an iterated initial of \\axiom{a} which is not reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} \\axiom{\\spad{b}}.")) (|headReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{headReduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{degree(head(a),{}mvar(\\spad{b})) < mdeg(\\spad{b})}.")) (|reduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|List| $)) "\\axiom{reduced?(\\spad{q},{}lp)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{reduced?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in \\axiom{lp}.") (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{reduced?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{degree(a,{}mvar(\\spad{b})) < mdeg(\\spad{b})}.")) (|supRittWu?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{supRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} if \\axiom{a} is greater than \\axiom{\\spad{b}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard.")) (|infRittWu?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{infRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\spad{true} if \\axiom{a} is less than \\axiom{\\spad{b}} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard.")) (|RittWuCompare| (((|Union| (|Boolean|) "failed") $ $) "\\axiom{RittWuCompare(a,{}\\spad{b})} returns \\axiom{\"failed\"} if \\axiom{a} and \\axiom{\\spad{b}} have same rank \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun ordering using the refinement of Lazard,{} otherwise returns \\axiom{infRittWu?(a,{}\\spad{b})}.")) (|mainMonomials| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{mainMonomials(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns [1],{} otherwise returns the list of the monomials of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mainCoefficients| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{mainCoefficients(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns [\\spad{p}],{} otherwise returns the list of the coefficients of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|leastMonomial| (($ $) "\\axiom{leastMonomial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{1},{} otherwise,{} the monomial of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} with lowest degree,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mainMonomial| (($ $) "\\axiom{mainMonomial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{\\spad{O}},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{1},{} otherwise,{} \\axiom{mvar(\\spad{p})} raised to the power \\axiom{mdeg(\\spad{p})}.")) (|quasiMonic?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{quasiMonic?(\\spad{p})} returns \\spad{false} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns \\spad{true} iff the initial of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} lies in the base ring \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|monic?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{monic?(\\spad{p})} returns \\spad{false} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is monic as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|reductum| (($ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{reductum(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{v})} returns the reductum of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|leadingCoefficient| (($ $ |#3|) "\\axiom{leadingCoefficient(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{v})} returns the leading coefficient of \\axiom{\\spad{p}},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as A univariate polynomial in \\axiom{\\spad{v}}.")) (|deepestInitial| (($ $) "\\axiom{deepestInitial(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns the last term of \\axiom{iteratedInitials(\\spad{p})}.")) (|iteratedInitials| (((|List| $) $) "\\axiom{iteratedInitials(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{[]} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns the list of the iterated initials of \\axiom{\\spad{p}}.")) (|deepestTail| (($ $) "\\axiom{deepestTail(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{0} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns tail(\\spad{p}),{} if \\axiom{tail(\\spad{p})} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} or \\axiom{mvar(tail(\\spad{p})) < mvar(\\spad{p})},{} otherwise returns \\axiom{deepestTail(tail(\\spad{p}))}.")) (|tail| (($ $) "\\axiom{tail(\\spad{p})} returns its reductum,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|head| (($ $) "\\axiom{head(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its leading term (monomial in the AXIOM sense),{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|init| (($ $) "\\axiom{init(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its leading coefficient,{} where \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is viewed as a univariate polynomial in its main variable.")) (|mdeg| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{mdeg(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is \\axiom{0},{} otherwise,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}} returns \\axiom{0},{} otherwise,{} returns the degree of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in its main variable.")) (|mvar| ((|#3| $) "\\axiom{mvar(\\spad{p})} returns an error if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} belongs to \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} otherwise returns its main variable \\spad{w}. \\spad{r}. \\spad{t}. to the total ordering on the elements in \\axiom{\\spad{V}}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) NIL (|RepeatAst|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents the `repeat' iterator syntax.")) (|body| (((|SpadAst|) $) "\\spad{body(e)} returns the body of the loop `e'.")) (|iterators| (((|List| (|SpadAst|)) $) "\\spad{iterators(e)} returns the list of iterators controlling the loop `e'."))) @@ -3910,7 +3910,7 @@ NIL NIL (|SimpleAlgebraicExtension| R UP M) ((|constructor| (NIL "Domain which represents simple algebraic extensions of arbitrary rings. The first argument to the domain,{} \\spad{R},{} is the underlying ring,{} the second argument is a domain of univariate polynomials over \\spad{K},{} while the last argument specifies the defining minimal polynomial. The elements of the domain are canonically represented as polynomials of degree less than that of the minimal polynomial with coefficients in \\spad{R}. The second argument is both the type of the third argument and the underlying representation used by \\spadtype{SAE} itself."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1#) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|FiniteFieldCategory|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #1#) #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (OR #3=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) #1#) (OR #3# #4=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #2#) #1#) (OR #5=(AND #2# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #7=(|Symbol|))))) (AND #1# #6#)) (OR #5# #8=(AND #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #7#))))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #9=(|Integer|)))) (OR #2# #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #9#))))) #10# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #9#))) (OR #4# #1#) #8# #4# #3# #5#) (|SimpleAlgebraicExtensionAlgFactor| UP SAE UPA) ((|constructor| (NIL "Factorization of univariate polynomials with coefficients in an algebraic extension of the rational numbers (\\spadtype{Fraction Integer}).")) (|factor| (((|Factored| |#3|) |#3|) "\\spad{factor(p)} returns a prime factorisation of \\spad{p}."))) @@ -3942,8 +3942,8 @@ NIL NIL (|SequentialDifferentialPolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{SequentialDifferentialPolynomial} implements an ordinary differential polynomial ring in arbitrary number of differential indeterminates,{} with coefficients in a ring. The ranking on the differential indeterminate is sequential. \\blankline"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|SequentialDifferentialVariable| #8=(|Symbol|)) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #10=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #13#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #10#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #17=(|Fraction| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #10#))) (OR #16# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #19=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #19# #14#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #7=(|SequentialDifferentialVariable| #8=(|Symbol|)) #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #10=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #11#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #12=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #10#)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #12#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #7# #13#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #10#))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #10#)))) #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| #17=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #10#))) (OR #14# #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #18# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #19=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #17#)) (OR #19# #16#)) (|SequentialDifferentialVariable| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{OrderlyDifferentialVariable} adds a commonly used sequential ranking to the set of derivatives of an ordered list of differential indeterminates. A sequential ranking is a ranking \\spadfun{<} of the derivatives with the property that for any derivative \\spad{v},{} there are only a finite number of derivatives \\spad{u} with \\spad{u} \\spadfun{<} \\spad{v}. This domain belongs to \\spadtype{DifferentialVariableCategory}. It defines \\spadfun{weight} to be just \\spadfun{order},{} and it defines a sequential ranking \\spadfun{<} on derivatives \\spad{u} by the lexicographic order on the pair (\\spadfun{variable}(\\spad{u}),{} \\spadfun{order}(\\spad{u}))."))) NIL @@ -4050,8 +4050,8 @@ NIL NIL (|SplitHomogeneousDirectProduct| |dimtot| |dim1| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type represents the finite direct or cartesian product of an} underlying ordered component type. The vectors are ordered as if they were split into two blocks. The \\spad{dim1} parameter specifies the length of the first block. The ordering is lexicographic between the blocks but acts like \\spadtype{HomogeneousDirectProduct} within each block. This type is a suitable third argument for \\spadtype{GeneralDistributedMultivariatePolynomial}."))) -((|rightUnitary| |has| |#3| . #1=((|Ring|))) (|leftUnitary| |has| |#3| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| |has| |#3| (ATTRIBUTE |unitsKnown|))) -((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#3| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (|HasAttribute| |#3| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) +NIL +((OR (AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianGroup|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#3| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|devaluate| |#3|)))) (AND #4=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #5=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|AbelianSemiGroup|))) #2#) (AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|))) #2#) (AND #7=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #2#) (AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) #2#) (AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #2#) (AND #10=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) #2#) (AND #11=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Monoid|))) #2#) (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|OrderedAbelianMonoidSup|))) #2#) (AND #13=(|HasCategory| |#3| #14=(QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #2#) (AND #15=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|)))) #2#) (AND #17=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Ring|))) #2#) #18=(AND #19=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #9# (OR #7# #9# #17#) (OR #7# #9#) #1# #17# #11# #12# (OR #12# #13#) #13# #10# (OR (AND #7# #20=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #21=(|Integer|))))) (AND #8# #20#) (AND #9# #20#) (AND #20# #15#) #22=(AND #20# #17#)) #15# (OR #1# #4# #5# #23=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #10# #11# #12# #13# #15# #17# #19#) (OR #1# #4# #5# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #4# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #6# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #1# #7# #8# #9# #15# #17#) (OR #8# #15# #17#) #8# (OR #8# #24=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #17#)) (OR #25=(AND (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#))) #17#) #15#) #19# (OR (AND #1# #26=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #21#))))) (AND #4# #26#) (AND #5# #26#) (AND #6# #26#) (AND #7# #26#) (AND #8# #26#) (AND #9# #26#) (AND #10# #26#) (AND #11# #26#) (AND #12# #26#) (AND #13# #26#) (AND #15# #26#) (AND #26# #17#) #27=(AND #26# #19#)) (OR #28=(AND #1# #29=(|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #21#)))) #30=(AND #4# #29#) #31=(AND #5# #29#) #32=(AND #6# #29#) #33=(AND #7# #29#) #34=(AND #8# #29#) #35=(AND #12# #29#) #36=(AND #13# #29#) #37=(AND #15# #29#) #38=(AND #29# #19#) #39=(AND #9# #29#) #40=(AND #10# #29#) #41=(AND #11# #29#) #17#) (OR #28# #30# #31# #32# #33# #34# #35# #36# #37# #38# #39# #40# #41# (AND #29# #17#)) #23# (|HasCategory| #21# #14#) #22# #24# #25# (OR #38# #17#) #38# #27# (AND #8# #17#) (AND #15# #17#) #7# #4# #6# #5# #18# (AND #23# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #3#))) (|SturmHabichtPackage| R |x|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package produces functions for counting etc. real roots of univariate polynomials in \\spad{x} over \\spad{R},{} which must be an OrderedIntegralDomain")) (|countRealRootsMultiple| (((|Integer|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{countRealRootsMultiple(p)} says how many real roots \\spad{p} has,{} counted with multiplicity")) (|SturmHabichtMultiple| (((|Integer|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{SturmHabichtMultiple(p1,p2)} computes c_{+}-c_{-} where c_{+} is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1} with \\spad{p2>0} and c_{-} is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1} with \\spad{p2<0}. If \\spad{p2=1} what you get is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1}.")) (|countRealRoots| (((|Integer|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{countRealRoots(p)} says how many real roots \\spad{p} has")) (|SturmHabicht| (((|Integer|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{SturmHabicht(p1,p2)} computes c_{+}-c_{-} where c_{+} is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1} with \\spad{p2>0} and c_{-} is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1} with \\spad{p2<0}. If \\spad{p2=1} what you get is the number of real roots of \\spad{p1}.")) (|SturmHabichtCoefficients| (((|List| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{SturmHabichtCoefficients(p1,p2)} computes the principal Sturm-Habicht coefficients of \\spad{p1} and \\spad{p2}")) (|SturmHabichtSequence| (((|List| (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{SturmHabichtSequence(p1,p2)} computes the Sturm-Habicht sequence of \\spad{p1} and \\spad{p2}")) (|subresultantSequence| (((|List| (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{subresultantSequence(p1,p2)} computes the (standard) subresultant sequence of \\spad{p1} and \\spad{p2}"))) NIL @@ -4077,8 +4077,8 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|SingleInteger|) -((|constructor| (NIL "SingleInteger is intended to support machine integer arithmetic.")) (|xor| (($ $ $) "\\spad{xor(n,m)} returns the bit-by-bit logical {\\em xor} of the single integers \\spad{n} and \\spad{m}.")) (|noetherian| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{noetherian} all ideals are finitely generated (in fact principal).")) (|canonicalsClosed| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonicalClosed} means two positives multiply to give positive.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonical} means that mathematical equality is implied by data structure equality."))) -((|noetherian| . T) (|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "SingleInteger is intended to support machine integer arithmetic.")) (|xor| (($ $ $) "\\spad{xor(n,m)} returns the bit-by-bit logical {\\em xor} of the single integers \\spad{n} and \\spad{m}.")) (|canonical| ((|attribute|) "\\spad{canonical} means that mathematical equality is implied by data structure equality."))) +((|canonical| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|multiplicativeValuation| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|StackAggregate| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A stack is a bag where the last item inserted is the first item extracted.")) (|depth| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{depth(s)} returns the number of elements of stack \\spad{s}. Note: \\axiom{depth(\\spad{s}) = \\#s}.")) (|top| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{top(s)} returns the top element \\spad{x} from \\spad{s}; \\spad{s} remains unchanged. Note: Use \\axiom{pop!(\\spad{s})} to obtain \\spad{x} and remove it from \\spad{s}.")) (|pop!| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{pop!(s)} returns the top element \\spad{x},{} destructively removing \\spad{x} from \\spad{s}. Note: Use \\axiom{top(\\spad{s})} to obtain \\spad{x} without removing it from \\spad{s}. Error: if \\spad{s} is empty.")) (|push!| ((|#1| |#1| $) "\\spad{push!(x,s)} pushes \\spad{x} onto stack \\spad{s},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} destructively changing \\spad{s} so as to have a new first (top) element \\spad{x}. Afterwards,{} pop!(\\spad{s}) produces \\spad{x} and pop!(\\spad{s}) produces the original \\spad{s}."))) @@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#3| (QUOTE (|commutative| "*"))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|SquareMatrixCategory| |ndim| R |Row| |Col|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{SquareMatrixCategory} is a general square matrix category which allows different representations and indexing schemes. Rows and columns may be extracted with rows returned as objects of type Row and colums returned as objects of type Col.")) (** (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{m**n} computes an integral power of the matrix \\spad{m}. Error: if the matrix is not invertible.")) (|inverse| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\spad{inverse(m)} returns the inverse of the matrix \\spad{m},{} if that matrix is invertible and returns \"failed\" otherwise.")) (|minordet| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{minordet(m)} computes the determinant of the matrix \\spad{m} using minors.")) (|determinant| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{determinant(m)} returns the determinant of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (* ((|#3| |#3| $) "\\spad{r * x} is the product of the row vector \\spad{r} and the matrix \\spad{x}. Error: if the dimensions are incompatible.") ((|#4| $ |#4|) "\\spad{x * c} is the product of the matrix \\spad{x} and the column vector \\spad{c}. Error: if the dimensions are incompatible.")) (|diagonalProduct| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{diagonalProduct(m)} returns the product of the elements on the diagonal of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|trace| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{trace(m)} returns the trace of the matrix \\spad{m}. this is the sum of the elements on the diagonal of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|diagonal| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{diagonal(m)} returns a row consisting of the elements on the diagonal of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|diagonalMatrix| (($ (|List| |#2|)) "\\spad{diagonalMatrix(l)} returns a diagonal matrix with the elements of \\spad{l} on the diagonal.")) (|scalarMatrix| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{scalarMatrix(r)} returns an \\spad{n}-by-\\spad{n} matrix with \\spad{r}'s on the diagonal and zeroes elsewhere."))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|SmithNormalForm| R |Row| |Col| M) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{SmithNormalForm} is a package which provides some standard canonical forms for matrices.")) (|diophantineSystem| (((|Record| (|:| |particular| (|Union| |#3| "failed")) (|:| |basis| (|List| |#3|))) |#4| |#3|) "\\spad{diophantineSystem(A,B)} returns a particular integer solution and an integer basis of the equation \\spad{AX = B}.")) (|completeSmith| (((|Record| (|:| |Smith| |#4|) (|:| |leftEqMat| |#4|) (|:| |rightEqMat| |#4|)) |#4|) "\\spad{completeSmith} returns a record that contains the Smith normal form \\spad{H} of the matrix and the left and right equivalence matrices \\spad{U} and \\spad{V} such that U*m*v = \\spad{H}")) (|smith| ((|#4| |#4|) "\\spad{smith(m)} returns the Smith Normal form of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|completeHermite| (((|Record| (|:| |Hermite| |#4|) (|:| |eqMat| |#4|)) |#4|) "\\spad{completeHermite} returns a record that contains the Hermite normal form \\spad{H} of the matrix and the equivalence matrix \\spad{U} such that U*m = \\spad{H}")) (|hermite| ((|#4| |#4|) "\\spad{hermite(m)} returns the Hermite normal form of the matrix \\spad{m}."))) @@ -4102,12 +4102,12 @@ NIL NIL (|SparseMultivariatePolynomial| R |VarSet|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type is the basic representation of sparse recursive multivariate} polynomials. It is parameterized by the coefficient ring and the variable set which may be infinite. The variable ordering is determined by the variable set parameter. The coefficient ring may be non-commutative,{} but the variables are assumed to commute."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #17=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #17# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) (OR #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #1#) (OR #3# #4# #1#) (OR #3# #1#) #4# #2# (OR #2# #4#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #5=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #6=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #5#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #3# #17=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #17# #14#)) (|SparseMultivariateTaylorSeries| |Coef| |Var| SMP) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides multivariate Taylor series with variables from an arbitrary ordered set. A Taylor series is represented by a stream of polynomials from the polynomial domain SMP. The \\spad{n}th element of the stream is a form of degree \\spad{n}. SMTS is an internal domain.")) (|fintegrate| (($ (|Mapping| $) |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{fintegrate(f,v,c)} is the integral of \\spad{f()} with respect \\indented{1}{to \\spad{v} and having \\spad{c} as the constant of integration.} \\indented{1}{The evaluation of \\spad{f()} is delayed.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ |#2| |#1|) "\\spad{integrate(s,v,c)} is the integral of \\spad{s} with respect \\indented{1}{to \\spad{v} and having \\spad{c} as the constant of integration.}")) (|csubst| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| |#3|) |#3|) (|List| |#2|) (|List| (|Stream| |#3|))) "\\spad{csubst(a,b)} is for internal use only")) (* (($ |#3| $) "\\spad{smp*ts} multiplies a TaylorSeries by a monomial SMP.")) (|coerce| (($ |#3|) "\\spad{coerce(poly)} regroups the terms by total degree and forms a series.") (($ |#2|) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts a variable to a Taylor series")) (|coefficient| ((|#3| $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(s, n)} gives the terms of total degree \\spad{n}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (OR #1# #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #2# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|SquareFreeNormalizedTriangularSetCategory| R E V P) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of square-free and normalized triangular sets. Thus,{} up to the primitivity axiom of [1],{} these sets are Lazard triangular sets.\\newline References : \\indented{1}{[1] \\spad{D}. LAZARD \"A new method for solving algebraic systems of} \\indented{5}{positive dimension\" Discr. App. Math. 33:147-160,{}1991}"))) NIL @@ -4137,7 +4137,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|ThreeSpaceCategory| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "The category ThreeSpaceCategory is used for creating three dimensional objects using functions for defining points,{} curves,{} polygons,{} constructs and the subspaces containing them.")) (|coerce| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{coerce(s)} returns the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} to Output format.")) (|subspace| (((|SubSpace| 3 |#1|) $) "\\spad{subspace(s)} returns the \\spadtype{SubSpace} which holds all the point information in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}.")) (|check| (($ $) "\\spad{check(s)} returns lllpt,{} list of lists of lists of point information about the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|objects| (((|Record| (|:| |points| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |curves| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |polygons| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |constructs| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $) "\\spad{objects(s)} returns the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} in the form of a 3D object record containing information on the number of points,{} curves,{} polygons and constructs comprising the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace}..")) (|lprop| (((|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) $) "\\spad{lprop(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of subspace component properties,{} and if so,{} returns the list; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|llprop| (((|List| (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|))) $) "\\spad{llprop(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of curves which are lists of the subspace component properties of the curves,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lllp| (((|List| (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|)))) $) "\\spad{lllp(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of components,{} which are lists of curves,{} which are lists of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lllip| (((|List| (|List| (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)))) $) "\\spad{lllip(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of components,{} which are lists of curves,{} which are lists of indices to points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lp| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{lp(s)} returns the list of points component which the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} contains; these points are used by reference,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the component holds indices referring to the points rather than the points themselves. This allows for sharing of the points.")) (|mesh?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{mesh?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} is composed of one component,{} a mesh comprising a list of curves which are lists of points,{} or returns \\spad{false} if otherwise")) (|mesh| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{mesh(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single surface component defined by a list curves which contain lists of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of points; An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh([[p0],[p1],...,[pn]], close1, close2)} creates a surface defined over a list of curves,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} which are lists of points; the booleans \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed: \\spad{close1} set to \\spad{true} means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed (that is,{} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point); \\spad{close2} set to \\spad{true} means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end (the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve)); the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} containing this surface is returned.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|)))) "\\spad{mesh([[p0],[p1],...,[pn]])} creates a surface defined by a list of curves which are lists,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} of points,{} and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the surface.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|List| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[ [[r10]...,[r1m]], [[r20]...,[r2m]],..., [[rn0]...,[rnm]] ], close1, close2)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} which is defined over a rectangular domain of size WxH where \\spad{W} is the number of lists of points from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(R)} and \\spad{H} is the number of elements in each of those lists; the booleans \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed: if \\spad{close1} is \\spad{true} this means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed (\\spadignore{i.e.} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point); if \\spad{close2} is \\spad{true},{} this means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end (the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve)).") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]], close1, close2)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} which is defined over a list of curves,{} in which each of these curves is a list of points. The boolean arguments \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed. Argument \\spad{close1} equal \\spad{true} means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point. Argument \\spad{close2} equal \\spad{true} means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve).") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|List| |#1|))) (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[ [[r10]...,[r1m]], [[r20]...,[r2m]],..., [[rn0]...,[rnm]] ], [props], prop)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} which is defined over a rectangular domain of size WxH where \\spad{W} is the number of lists of points from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(R)} and \\spad{H} is the number of elements in each of those lists; lprops is the list of the subspace component properties for each curve list,{} and prop is the subspace component property by which the points are defined.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]],[props],prop)} adds a surface component,{} defined over a list curves which contains lists of points,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}; props is a list which contains the subspace component properties for each surface parameter,{} and \\spad{prop} is the subspace component property by which the points are defined.")) (|polygon?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{polygon?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} contains a single polygon component,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|polygon| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{polygon(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single polygon component defined by a list of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of points; An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon([p0,p1,...,pn])} creates a polygon defined by a list of points,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the polygon.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon(s,[[r0],[r1],...,[rn]])} adds a polygon component defined by a list of points \\spad{r0} through \\spad{rn},{} which are lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points and \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the points are defined.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a polygon component defined by a list of points,{} \\spad{p0} throught pn,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|closedCurve?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{closedCurve?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} contains a single closed curve component,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the first element of the curve is also the last element,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|closedCurve| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{closedCurve(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single closed curve component defined by a list of points in which the first point is also the last point,{} all of which are from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)} and if so,{} returns the list of points. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(lp)} sets a list of points defined by the first element of \\spad{lp} through the last element of \\spad{lp} and back to the first elelment again and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the closed curve defined by \\spad{lp}.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(s,[[lr0],[lr1],...,[lrn],[lr0]])} adds a closed curve component defined by a list of points \\spad{lr0} through \\spad{lrn},{} which are lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined and \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points,{} in which the last element of the list of points contains a copy of the first element list,{} \\spad{lr0}. The closed curve is added to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(s,[p0,p1,...,pn,p0])} adds a closed curve component which is a list of points defined by the first element \\spad{p0} through the last element \\spad{pn} and back to the first element \\spad{p0} again,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|curve?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{curve?(s)} queries whether the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is a curve,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} has one component,{} a list of list of points,{} and returns \\spad{true} if it is,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|curve| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{curve(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single curve defined by a list of points and if so,{} returns the curve,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} list of points. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve([p0,p1,p2,...,pn])} creates a space curve defined by the list of points \\spad{p0} through \\spad{pn},{} and returns the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the curve.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]])} adds a space curve which is a list of points \\spad{p0} through pn defined by lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined and \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a space curve component defined by a list of points \\spad{p0} through \\spad{pn},{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|point?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{point?(s)} queries whether the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single component which is a point and returns the boolean result.")) (|point| (((|Point| |#1|) $) "\\spad{point(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of only a single point and if so,{} returns the point. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(p)} returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object which is composed of one component,{} the point \\spad{p}.") (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{point(s,i)} adds a point component which is placed into a component list of the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} at the index given by \\spad{i}.") (($ $ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(s,[x,y,z])} adds a point component defined by a list of elements which are from the \\spad{PointDomain(R)} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined.") (($ $ (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(s,p)} adds a point component defined by the point,{} \\spad{p},{} specified as a list from \\spad{List(R)},{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point is defined.")) (|modifyPointData| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{modifyPointData(s,i,p)} changes the point at the indexed location \\spad{i} in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} to that of point \\spad{p}. This is useful for making changes to a point which has been transformed.")) (|enterPointData| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{enterPointData(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a list of points from \\spad{p0} through pn to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} and returns the index,{} to the starting point of the list.")) (|copy| (($ $) "\\spad{copy(s)} returns a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that is an exact copy of \\spad{s}.")) (|composites| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{composites(s)} takes the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} and creates a list containing a unique \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} for each single composite of \\spad{s}. If \\spad{s} has no composites defined (composites need to be explicitly created),{} the list returned is empty. Note that not all the components need to be part of a composite.")) (|components| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{components(s)} takes the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} and creates a list containing a unique \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} for each single component of \\spad{s}. If \\spad{s} has no components defined,{} the list returned is empty.")) (|composite| (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{composite([s1,s2,...,sn])} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that is a union of all the components from each \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} in the parameter list,{} grouped as a composite.")) (|merge| (($ $ $) "\\spad{merge(s1,s2)} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that has the components of \\spad{s1} and \\spad{s2}; Groupings of components into composites are maintained.") (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{merge([s1,s2,...,sn])} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that has the components of all the ones in the list; Groupings of components into composites are maintained.")) (|numberOfComposites| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfComposites(s)} returns the number of supercomponents,{} or composites,{} in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}; Composites are arbitrary groupings of otherwise distinct and unrelated components; A \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} need not have any composites defined at all and,{} outside of the requirement that no component can belong to more than one composite at a time,{} the definition and interpretation of composites are unrestricted.")) (|numberOfComponents| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfComponents(s)} returns the number of distinct object components in the indicated \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} such as points,{} curves,{} polygons,{} and constructs.")) (|create3Space| (($ (|SubSpace| 3 |#1|)) "\\spad{create3Space(s)} creates a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object containing objects pre-defined within some \\spadtype{SubSpace} \\spad{s}.") (($) "\\spad{create3Space()} creates a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object capable of holding point,{} curve,{} mesh components and any combination."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "The category ThreeSpaceCategory is used for creating three dimensional objects using functions for defining points,{} curves,{} polygons,{} constructs and the subspaces containing them.")) (|subspace| (((|SubSpace| 3 |#1|) $) "\\spad{subspace(s)} returns the \\spadtype{SubSpace} which holds all the point information in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}.")) (|check| (($ $) "\\spad{check(s)} returns lllpt,{} list of lists of lists of point information about the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|objects| (((|Record| (|:| |points| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |curves| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |polygons| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |constructs| (|NonNegativeInteger|))) $) "\\spad{objects(s)} returns the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} in the form of a 3D object record containing information on the number of points,{} curves,{} polygons and constructs comprising the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace}..")) (|lprop| (((|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) $) "\\spad{lprop(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of subspace component properties,{} and if so,{} returns the list; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|llprop| (((|List| (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|))) $) "\\spad{llprop(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of curves which are lists of the subspace component properties of the curves,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lllp| (((|List| (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|)))) $) "\\spad{lllp(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of components,{} which are lists of curves,{} which are lists of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lllip| (((|List| (|List| (|List| (|NonNegativeInteger|)))) $) "\\spad{lllip(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a list of components,{} which are lists of curves,{} which are lists of indices to points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of lists; An error is signaled otherwise.")) (|lp| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{lp(s)} returns the list of points component which the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} contains; these points are used by reference,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the component holds indices referring to the points rather than the points themselves. This allows for sharing of the points.")) (|mesh?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{mesh?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} is composed of one component,{} a mesh comprising a list of curves which are lists of points,{} or returns \\spad{false} if otherwise")) (|mesh| (((|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{mesh(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single surface component defined by a list curves which contain lists of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of lists of points; An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh([[p0],[p1],...,[pn]], close1, close2)} creates a surface defined over a list of curves,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} which are lists of points; the booleans \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed: \\spad{close1} set to \\spad{true} means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed (that is,{} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point); \\spad{close2} set to \\spad{true} means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end (the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve)); the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} containing this surface is returned.") (($ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|)))) "\\spad{mesh([[p0],[p1],...,[pn]])} creates a surface defined by a list of curves which are lists,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} of points,{} and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the surface.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|List| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[ [[r10]...,[r1m]], [[r20]...,[r2m]],..., [[rn0]...,[rnm]] ], close1, close2)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} which is defined over a rectangular domain of size WxH where \\spad{W} is the number of lists of points from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(R)} and \\spad{H} is the number of elements in each of those lists; the booleans \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed: if \\spad{close1} is \\spad{true} this means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed (\\spadignore{i.e.} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point); if \\spad{close2} is \\spad{true},{} this means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end (the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve)).") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|Boolean|) (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]], close1, close2)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} which is defined over a list of curves,{} in which each of these curves is a list of points. The boolean arguments \\spad{close1} and \\spad{close2} indicate how the surface is to be closed. Argument \\spad{close1} equal \\spad{true} means that each individual list (a curve) is to be closed,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the last point of the list is to be connected to the first point. Argument \\spad{close2} equal \\spad{true} means that the boundary at one end of the surface is to be connected to the boundary at the other end,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the boundaries are defined as the first list of points (curve) and the last list of points (curve).") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|List| |#1|))) (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[ [[r10]...,[r1m]], [[r20]...,[r2m]],..., [[rn0]...,[rnm]] ], [props], prop)} adds a surface component to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} which is defined over a rectangular domain of size WxH where \\spad{W} is the number of lists of points from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(R)} and \\spad{H} is the number of elements in each of those lists; lprops is the list of the subspace component properties for each curve list,{} and prop is the subspace component property by which the points are defined.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) (|List| (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) (|SubSpaceComponentProperty|)) "\\spad{mesh(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]],[props],prop)} adds a surface component,{} defined over a list curves which contains lists of points,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}; props is a list which contains the subspace component properties for each surface parameter,{} and \\spad{prop} is the subspace component property by which the points are defined.")) (|polygon?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{polygon?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} contains a single polygon component,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|polygon| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{polygon(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single polygon component defined by a list of points,{} and if so,{} returns the list of points; An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon([p0,p1,...,pn])} creates a polygon defined by a list of points,{} \\spad{p0} through pn,{} and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the polygon.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon(s,[[r0],[r1],...,[rn]])} adds a polygon component defined by a list of points \\spad{r0} through \\spad{rn},{} which are lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points and \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the points are defined.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{polygon(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a polygon component defined by a list of points,{} \\spad{p0} throught pn,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|closedCurve?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{closedCurve?(s)} returns \\spad{true} if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s} contains a single closed curve component,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} the first element of the curve is also the last element,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|closedCurve| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{closedCurve(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single closed curve component defined by a list of points in which the first point is also the last point,{} all of which are from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)} and if so,{} returns the list of points. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(lp)} sets a list of points defined by the first element of \\spad{lp} through the last element of \\spad{lp} and back to the first elelment again and returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the closed curve defined by \\spad{lp}.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(s,[[lr0],[lr1],...,[lrn],[lr0]])} adds a closed curve component defined by a list of points \\spad{lr0} through \\spad{lrn},{} which are lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined and \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points,{} in which the last element of the list of points contains a copy of the first element list,{} \\spad{lr0}. The closed curve is added to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{closedCurve(s,[p0,p1,...,pn,p0])} adds a closed curve component which is a list of points defined by the first element \\spad{p0} through the last element \\spad{pn} and back to the first element \\spad{p0} again,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|curve?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{curve?(s)} queries whether the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is a curve,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} has one component,{} a list of list of points,{} and returns \\spad{true} if it is,{} or \\spad{false} otherwise.")) (|curve| (((|List| (|Point| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{curve(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single curve defined by a list of points and if so,{} returns the curve,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} list of points. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve([p0,p1,p2,...,pn])} creates a space curve defined by the list of points \\spad{p0} through \\spad{pn},{} and returns the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} whose component is the curve.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve(s,[[p0],[p1],...,[pn]])} adds a space curve which is a list of points \\spad{p0} through pn defined by lists of elements from the domain \\spad{PointDomain(m,R)},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined and \\spad{m} is the dimension of the points,{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.") (($ $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{curve(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a space curve component defined by a list of points \\spad{p0} through \\spad{pn},{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s}.")) (|point?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{point?(s)} queries whether the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of a single component which is a point and returns the boolean result.")) (|point| (((|Point| |#1|) $) "\\spad{point(s)} checks to see if the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} is composed of only a single point and if so,{} returns the point. An error is signaled otherwise.") (($ (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(p)} returns a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object which is composed of one component,{} the point \\spad{p}.") (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{point(s,i)} adds a point component which is placed into a component list of the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} at the index given by \\spad{i}.") (($ $ (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(s,[x,y,z])} adds a point component defined by a list of elements which are from the \\spad{PointDomain(R)} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point elements are defined.") (($ $ (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{point(s,p)} adds a point component defined by the point,{} \\spad{p},{} specified as a list from \\spad{List(R)},{} to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} where \\spad{R} is the \\spadtype{Ring} over which the point is defined.")) (|modifyPointData| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Point| |#1|)) "\\spad{modifyPointData(s,i,p)} changes the point at the indexed location \\spad{i} in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} to that of point \\spad{p}. This is useful for making changes to a point which has been transformed.")) (|enterPointData| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ (|List| (|Point| |#1|))) "\\spad{enterPointData(s,[p0,p1,...,pn])} adds a list of points from \\spad{p0} through pn to the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} and returns the index,{} to the starting point of the list.")) (|copy| (($ $) "\\spad{copy(s)} returns a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that is an exact copy of \\spad{s}.")) (|composites| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{composites(s)} takes the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} and creates a list containing a unique \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} for each single composite of \\spad{s}. If \\spad{s} has no composites defined (composites need to be explicitly created),{} the list returned is empty. Note that not all the components need to be part of a composite.")) (|components| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{components(s)} takes the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} \\spad{s},{} and creates a list containing a unique \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} for each single component of \\spad{s}. If \\spad{s} has no components defined,{} the list returned is empty.")) (|composite| (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{composite([s1,s2,...,sn])} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that is a union of all the components from each \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} in the parameter list,{} grouped as a composite.")) (|merge| (($ $ $) "\\spad{merge(s1,s2)} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that has the components of \\spad{s1} and \\spad{s2}; Groupings of components into composites are maintained.") (($ (|List| $)) "\\spad{merge([s1,s2,...,sn])} will create a new \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} that has the components of all the ones in the list; Groupings of components into composites are maintained.")) (|numberOfComposites| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfComposites(s)} returns the number of supercomponents,{} or composites,{} in the \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s}; Composites are arbitrary groupings of otherwise distinct and unrelated components; A \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} need not have any composites defined at all and,{} outside of the requirement that no component can belong to more than one composite at a time,{} the definition and interpretation of composites are unrestricted.")) (|numberOfComponents| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{numberOfComponents(s)} returns the number of distinct object components in the indicated \\spadtype{ThreeSpace},{} \\spad{s},{} such as points,{} curves,{} polygons,{} and constructs.")) (|create3Space| (($ (|SubSpace| 3 |#1|)) "\\spad{create3Space(s)} creates a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object containing objects pre-defined within some \\spadtype{SubSpace} \\spad{s}.") (($) "\\spad{create3Space()} creates a \\spadtype{ThreeSpace} object capable of holding point,{} curve,{} mesh components and any combination."))) NIL NIL (|SpadAst|) @@ -4169,9 +4169,9 @@ NIL NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| #1=(|SplittingNode| |#1| |#2|) (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #2=(|%list| (QUOTE |SplittingNode|) (|devaluate| |#1|) (|devaluate| |#2|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) #3# (OR #4=(|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #3#) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #4# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #2#))) (|SquareMatrix| |ndim| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{SquareMatrix} is a matrix domain of square matrices,{} where the number of rows (= number of columns) is a parameter of the type.")) (|unitsKnown| ((|attribute|) "the invertible matrices are simply the matrices whose determinants are units in the Ring \\spad{R}.")) (|central| ((|attribute|) "the elements of the Ring \\spad{R},{} viewed as diagonal matrices,{} commute with all matrices and,{} indeed,{} are the only matrices which commute with all matrices.")) (|squareMatrix| (($ (|Matrix| |#2|)) "\\spad{squareMatrix(m)} converts a matrix of type \\spadtype{Matrix} to a matrix of type \\spadtype{SquareMatrix}.")) (|transpose| (($ $) "\\spad{transpose(m)} returns the transpose of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|new| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{new(c)} constructs a new \\spadtype{SquareMatrix} object of dimension \\spad{ndim} with initial entries equal to \\spad{c}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T) (|central| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE (|commutative| "*"))) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) #4=(|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE (|commutative| "*"))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #6=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #6#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #6#))) (OR (AND #3# #7=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #5# #7#) (AND #1# #7#) #8=(AND #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #7#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #4# #3# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #9# #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{SquareMatrix} is a matrix domain of square matrices,{} where the number of rows (= number of columns) is a parameter of the type.")) (|squareMatrix| (($ (|Matrix| |#2|)) "\\spad{squareMatrix(m)} converts a matrix of type \\spadtype{Matrix} to a matrix of type \\spadtype{SquareMatrix}.")) (|transpose| (($ $) "\\spad{transpose(m)} returns the transpose of the matrix \\spad{m}.")) (|new| (($ |#2|) "\\spad{new(c)} constructs a new \\spadtype{SquareMatrix} object of dimension \\spad{ndim} with initial entries equal to \\spad{c}."))) +NIL +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #2=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #2#))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE (|commutative| "*"))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #5=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| (|Fraction| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #5#))) (OR (AND #3# #6=(|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) (|devaluate| |#2|)))) (AND #4# #6#) (AND #1# #6#) #7=(AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) #6#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #7# #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|)))) (|StringAggregate&| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A string aggregate is a category for strings,{} that is,{} one dimensional arrays of characters.")) (|elt| (($ $ $) "\\spad{elt(s,t)} returns the concatenation of \\spad{s} and \\spad{t}. It is provided to allow juxtaposition of strings to work as concatenation. For example,{} \\axiom{\"smoo\" \"shed\"} returns \\axiom{\"smooshed\"}.")) (|rightTrim| (($ $ (|CharacterClass|)) "\\spad{rightTrim(s,cc)} returns \\spad{s} with all trailing occurences of characters in \\spad{cc} deleted. For example,{} \\axiom{rightTrim(\"(abc)\",{} charClass \"()\")} returns \\axiom{\"(abc\"}.") (($ $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{rightTrim(s,c)} returns \\spad{s} with all trailing occurrences of \\spad{c} deleted. For example,{} \\axiom{rightTrim(\" abc \",{} char \" \")} returns \\axiom{\" abc\"}.")) (|leftTrim| (($ $ (|CharacterClass|)) "\\spad{leftTrim(s,cc)} returns \\spad{s} with all leading characters in \\spad{cc} deleted. For example,{} \\axiom{leftTrim(\"(abc)\",{} charClass \"()\")} returns \\axiom{\"abc)\"}.") (($ $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{leftTrim(s,c)} returns \\spad{s} with all leading characters \\spad{c} deleted. For example,{} \\axiom{leftTrim(\" abc \",{} char \" \")} returns \\axiom{\"abc \"}.")) (|trim| (($ $ (|CharacterClass|)) "\\spad{trim(s,cc)} returns \\spad{s} with all characters in \\spad{cc} deleted from right and left ends. For example,{} \\axiom{trim(\"(abc)\",{} charClass \"()\")} returns \\axiom{\"abc\"}.") (($ $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{trim(s,c)} returns \\spad{s} with all characters \\spad{c} deleted from right and left ends. For example,{} \\axiom{trim(\" abc \",{} char \" \")} returns \\axiom{\"abc\"}.")) (|split| (((|List| $) $ (|CharacterClass|)) "\\spad{split(s,cc)} returns a list of substrings delimited by characters in \\spad{cc}.") (((|List| $) $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{split(s,c)} returns a list of substrings delimited by character \\spad{c}.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Character|)) "\\spad{coerce(c)} returns \\spad{c} as a string \\spad{s} with the character \\spad{c}.")) (|position| (((|Integer|) (|CharacterClass|) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{position(cc,t,i)} returns the position \\axiom{\\spad{j} >= \\spad{i}} in \\spad{t} of the first character belonging to \\spad{cc}.") (((|Integer|) $ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{position(s,t,i)} returns the position \\spad{j} of the substring \\spad{s} in string \\spad{t},{} where \\axiom{\\spad{j} >= \\spad{i}} is required.")) (|replace| (($ $ (|UniversalSegment| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{replace(s,i..j,t)} replaces the substring \\axiom{\\spad{s}(\\spad{i}..\\spad{j})} of \\spad{s} by string \\spad{t}.")) (|match?| (((|Boolean|) $ $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{match?(s,t,c)} tests if \\spad{s} matches \\spad{t} except perhaps for multiple and consecutive occurrences of character \\spad{c}. Typically \\spad{c} is the blank character.")) (|match| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ $ (|Character|)) "\\spad{match(p,s,wc)} tests if pattern \\axiom{\\spad{p}} matches subject \\axiom{\\spad{s}} where \\axiom{\\spad{wc}} is a wild card character. If no match occurs,{} the index \\axiom{0} is returned; otheriwse,{} the value returned is the first index of the first character in the subject matching the subject (excluding that matched by an initial wild-card). For example,{} \\axiom{match(\"*to*\",{}\"yorktown\",{}\"*\")} returns \\axiom{5} indicating a successful match starting at index \\axiom{5} of \\axiom{\"yorktown\"}.")) (|substring?| (((|Boolean|) $ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{substring?(s,t,i)} tests if \\spad{s} is a substring of \\spad{t} beginning at index \\spad{i}. Note: \\axiom{substring?(\\spad{s},{}\\spad{t},{}0) = prefix?(\\spad{s},{}\\spad{t})}.")) (|suffix?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{suffix?(s,t)} tests if the string \\spad{s} is the final substring of \\spad{t}. Note: \\axiom{suffix?(\\spad{s},{}\\spad{t}) == reduce(and,{}[\\spad{s}.\\spad{i} = \\spad{t}.(\\spad{n} - \\spad{m} + \\spad{i}) for \\spad{i} in 0..maxIndex \\spad{s}])} where \\spad{m} and \\spad{n} denote the maxIndex of \\spad{s} and \\spad{t} respectively.")) (|prefix?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\spad{prefix?(s,t)} tests if the string \\spad{s} is the initial substring of \\spad{t}. Note: \\axiom{prefix?(\\spad{s},{}\\spad{t}) == reduce(and,{}[\\spad{s}.\\spad{i} = \\spad{t}.\\spad{i} for \\spad{i} in 0..maxIndex \\spad{s}])}.")) (|upperCase!| (($ $) "\\spad{upperCase!(s)} destructively replaces the alphabetic characters in \\spad{s} by upper case characters.")) (|upperCase| (($ $) "\\spad{upperCase(s)} returns the string with all characters in upper case.")) (|lowerCase!| (($ $) "\\spad{lowerCase!(s)} destructively replaces the alphabetic characters in \\spad{s} by lower case.")) (|lowerCase| (($ $) "\\spad{lowerCase(s)} returns the string with all characters in lower case."))) NIL @@ -4274,8 +4274,8 @@ NIL NIL (|SparseUnivariateLaurentSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Sparse Laurent series in one variable \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{SparseUnivariateLaurentSeries} is a domain representing Laurent} \\indented{2}{series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring.\\space{2}The} \\indented{2}{parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series} \\indented{2}{variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion.\\space{2}For example,{}} \\indented{2}{\\spad{SparseUnivariateLaurentSeries(Integer,x,3)} represents Laurent} \\indented{2}{series in \\spad{(x - 3)} with integer coefficients.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts the series variable \\spad{var} into a Laurent series."))) -(((|commutative| "*") OR #1=(|and| #2=(|has| |#1| #3=(|Field|)) (|has| #4=(|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) (|has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) #5=(|and| #2# (|has| #4# (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|noZeroDivisors| OR #1# (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) #5#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #6=(#3#)) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #6#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #8=(|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) #9=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|)))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #9#)) (OR #11=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|)))) #12=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13#)) (OR #15=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #16=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17=(|Symbol|))))) #18=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #16#) #19=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #20=(|devaluate| |#1|) #21=(QUOTE #2#) #20#))))) (OR #15# #22=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17#)))) #18#) (OR #23=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) #19#) (OR #23# #24=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|)))) #19#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #6# #3#) #6# #25=(AND #6# #26=(|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #6# #3#) #11# (OR #11# #27=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #28=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #1#) #28# (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #29=(|%list| (QUOTE |SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries|) #20# (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|)) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #30=(QUOTE #17#) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #31=(|Float|)))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #31#)))) (AND #32=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #20# #20# #21#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #20# #30#)))) #32# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #20# #20# #30#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #30#) #20#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #26# #7# #10# (OR #11# #25# #3#) (OR #11# #25# #4#) #22# #24# #27# (OR #12# #14#) #33=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| $ #9#) #26#) (OR #5# #33# #10#)) +(((|commutative| "*") OR #1=(|and| #2=(|has| |#1| #3=(|Field|)) (|has| #4=(|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) (|has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) #5=(|and| #2# (|has| #4# (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|noZeroDivisors| OR #1# (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) #5#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| #3#)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #8=(|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) #9=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|)))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #9#)) (OR #11=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|)))) #12=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13#)) (OR #15=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #16=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17=(|Symbol|))))) #18=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #16#) #19=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #20=(|devaluate| |#1|) #21=(QUOTE #2#) #20#))))) (OR #15# #22=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17#)))) #18#) (OR #23=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) #19#) (OR #23# #24=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|)))) #19#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #6# #3#) #6# #25=(AND #6# #26=(|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #6# #3#) #11# (OR #11# #27=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #28=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #1#) #28# (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #29=(|%list| (QUOTE |SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries|) #20# (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|)) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #30=(QUOTE #17#) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #31=(|Float|)))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #31#)))) (AND #32=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #20# #20# #21#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #20# #30#)))) #32# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #20# #20# #30#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #30#) #20#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #26# #7# #10# (OR #11# #25# #3#) (OR #11# #25# #4#) #24# #22# #27# (OR #12# #14#) #33=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| $ #9#) #26#) (OR #5# #33# #10#)) (|FunctionSpaceSum| R F) ((|constructor| (NIL "computes sums of top-level expressions.")) (|sum| ((|#2| |#2| (|SegmentBinding| |#2|)) "\\spad{sum(f(n), n = a..b)} returns \\spad{f}(a) + \\spad{f}(\\spad{a+1}) + ... + \\spad{f}(\\spad{b}).") ((|#2| |#2| (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{sum(a(n), n)} returns A(\\spad{n}) such that A(\\spad{n+1}) - A(\\spad{n}) = a(\\spad{n})."))) NIL @@ -4286,8 +4286,8 @@ NIL NIL (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents univariate polynomials over arbitrary (not necessarily commutative) coefficient rings. The variable is unspecified so that the variable displays as \\spad{?} on output. If it is necessary to specify the variable name,{} use type \\spadtype{UnivariatePolynomial}. The representation is sparse in the sense that only non-zero terms are represented.")) (|fmecg| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#1| $) "\\spad{fmecg(p1,e,r,p2)} finds \\spad{X} : \\spad{p1} - \\spad{r} * X**e * \\spad{p2}")) (|outputForm| (((|OutputForm|) $ (|OutputForm|)) "\\spad{outputForm(p,var)} converts the SparseUnivariatePolynomial \\spad{p} to an output form (see \\spadtype{OutputForm}) printed as a polynomial in the output form variable."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #20# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #20# #14#)) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomialFunctions2| R S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package lifts a mapping from coefficient rings \\spad{R} to \\spad{S} to a mapping from sparse univariate polynomial over \\spad{R} to a sparse univariate polynomial over \\spad{S}. Note that the mapping is assumed to send zero to zero,{} since it will only be applied to the non-zero coefficients of the polynomial.")) (|map| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#2|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{map(func, poly)} creates a new polynomial by applying \\spad{func} to every non-zero coefficient of the polynomial poly."))) NIL @@ -4298,11 +4298,11 @@ NIL NIL (|SparseUnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Sparse Puiseux series in one variable \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{SparseUnivariatePuiseuxSeries} is a domain representing Puiseux} \\indented{2}{series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring.\\space{2}The} \\indented{2}{parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series} \\indented{2}{variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion.\\space{2}For example,{}} \\indented{2}{\\spad{SparseUnivariatePuiseuxSeries(Integer,x,3)} represents Puiseux} \\indented{2}{series in \\spad{(x - 3)} with \\spadtype{Integer} coefficients.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #5# #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #6=(|Symbol|)))) #7=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #8=(|devaluate| |#1|) #9=(|%list| (QUOTE |Fraction|) (QUOTE #3#)) #8#)))) #7# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #5# #10# #4#) (OR #10# #4#) (AND #11=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #8# #8# #9#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #8# #12=(QUOTE #6#))))) #11# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #8# #8# #12#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #12#) #8#)))))) (|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Sparse Taylor series in one variable \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries} is a domain representing Taylor} \\indented{2}{series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring.\\space{2}The} \\indented{2}{parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series} \\indented{2}{variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion.\\space{2}For example,{}} \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries}(Integer,{}\\spad{x},{}3) represents Taylor} \\indented{2}{series in \\spad{(x - 3)} with \\spadtype{Integer} coefficients.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),x)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|univariatePolynomial| (((|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{univariatePolynomial(f,k)} returns a univariate polynomial \\indented{1}{consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= k}.}")) (|coerce| (($ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts the series variable \\spad{var} into a \\indented{1}{Taylor series.}") (($ (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(p)} converts a univariate polynomial \\spad{p} in the variable \\spad{var} to a univariate Taylor series in \\spad{var}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3#) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #5=(|Symbol|)))) #6=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #7=(|devaluate| |#1|) #8=(QUOTE #9=(|NonNegativeInteger|)) #7#)))) #6# (|HasCategory| #9# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (AND #10=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #7# #7# #8#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #7# #11=(QUOTE #5#))))) #10# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #7# #7# #11#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #11#) #7#)))))) (|Symbol|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Basic and scripted symbols.")) (|sample| (($) "\\spad{sample()} returns a sample of \\%")) (|list| (((|List| $) $) "\\spad{list(sy)} takes a scripted symbol and produces a list of the name followed by the scripts.")) (|string| (((|String|) $) "\\spad{string(s)} converts the symbol \\spad{s} to a string. Error: if the symbol is subscripted.")) (|elt| (($ $ (|List| (|OutputForm|))) "\\spad{elt(s,[a1,...,an])} or \\spad{s}([\\spad{a1},{}...,{}an]) returns \\spad{s} subscripted by \\spad{[a1,...,an]}.")) (|argscript| (($ $ (|List| (|OutputForm|))) "\\spad{argscript(s, [a1,...,an])} returns \\spad{s} arg-scripted by \\spad{[a1,...,an]}.")) (|superscript| (($ $ (|List| (|OutputForm|))) "\\spad{superscript(s, [a1,...,an])} returns \\spad{s} superscripted by \\spad{[a1,...,an]}.")) (|subscript| (($ $ (|List| (|OutputForm|))) "\\spad{subscript(s, [a1,...,an])} returns \\spad{s} subscripted by \\spad{[a1,...,an]}.")) (|script| (($ $ (|Record| (|:| |sub| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |sup| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |presup| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |presub| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |args| (|List| (|OutputForm|))))) "\\spad{script(s, [a,b,c,d,e])} returns \\spad{s} with subscripts a,{} superscripts \\spad{b},{} pre-superscripts \\spad{c},{} pre-subscripts \\spad{d},{} and argument-scripts \\spad{e}.") (($ $ (|List| (|List| (|OutputForm|)))) "\\spad{script(s, [a,b,c,d,e])} returns \\spad{s} with subscripts a,{} superscripts \\spad{b},{} pre-superscripts \\spad{c},{} pre-subscripts \\spad{d},{} and argument-scripts \\spad{e}. Omitted components are taken to be empty. For example,{} \\spad{script(s, [a,b,c])} is equivalent to \\spad{script(s,[a,b,c,[],[]])}.")) (|scripts| (((|Record| (|:| |sub| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |sup| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |presup| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |presub| (|List| (|OutputForm|))) (|:| |args| (|List| (|OutputForm|)))) $) "\\spad{scripts(s)} returns all the scripts of \\spad{s}.")) (|scripted?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{scripted?(s)} is \\spad{true} if \\spad{s} has been given any scripts.")) (|name| (($ $) "\\spad{name(s)} returns \\spad{s} without its scripts.")) (|resetNew| (((|Void|)) "\\spad{resetNew()} resets the internals counters that new() and new(\\spad{s}) use to return distinct symbols every time.")) (|new| (($ $) "\\spad{new(s)} returns a new symbol whose name starts with \\%\\spad{s}.") (($) "\\spad{new()} returns a new symbol whose name starts with \\%."))) @@ -4314,14 +4314,14 @@ NIL NIL (|SymmetricPolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements symmetric polynomial"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #4#) #5# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (OR #1# #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #6# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (AND #4# (|HasCategory| (|Partition|) (QUOTE (|CancellationAbelianMonoid|)))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) (|TheSymbolTable|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Creates and manipulates one global symbol table for FORTRAN code generation,{} containing details of types,{} dimensions,{} and argument lists.")) (|symbolTableOf| (((|SymbolTable|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{symbolTableOf(f,tab)} returns the symbol table of \\spad{f}")) (|argumentListOf| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{argumentListOf(f,tab)} returns the argument list of \\spad{f}")) (|returnTypeOf| (((|Union| (|:| |fst| (|FortranScalarType|)) (|:| |void| #1="void")) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{returnTypeOf(f,tab)} returns the type of the object returned by \\spad{f}")) (|empty| (($) "\\spad{empty()} creates a new,{} empty symbol table.")) (|printTypes| (((|Void|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{printTypes(tab)} produces FORTRAN type declarations from \\spad{tab},{} on the current FORTRAN output stream")) (|printHeader| (((|Void|)) "\\spad{printHeader()} produces the FORTRAN header for the current subprogram in the global symbol table on the current FORTRAN output stream.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{printHeader(f)} produces the FORTRAN header for subprogram \\spad{f} in the global symbol table on the current FORTRAN output stream.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{printHeader(f,tab)} produces the FORTRAN header for subprogram \\spad{f} in symbol table \\spad{tab} on the current FORTRAN output stream.")) (|returnType!| (((|Void|) (|Union| (|:| |fst| (|FortranScalarType|)) (|:| |void| #1#))) "\\spad{returnType!(t)} declares that the return type of he current subprogram in the global symbol table is \\spad{t}.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|) (|Union| (|:| |fst| (|FortranScalarType|)) (|:| |void| #1#))) "\\spad{returnType!(f,t)} declares that the return type of subprogram \\spad{f} in the global symbol table is \\spad{t}.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|) (|Union| (|:| |fst| (|FortranScalarType|)) (|:| |void| #1#)) $) "\\spad{returnType!(f,t,tab)} declares that the return type of subprogram \\spad{f} in symbol table \\spad{tab} is \\spad{t}.")) (|argumentList!| (((|Void|) (|List| (|Symbol|))) "\\spad{argumentList!(l)} declares that the argument list for the current subprogram in the global symbol table is \\spad{l}.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|) (|List| (|Symbol|))) "\\spad{argumentList!(f,l)} declares that the argument list for subprogram \\spad{f} in the global symbol table is \\spad{l}.") (((|Void|) (|Symbol|) (|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{argumentList!(f,l,tab)} declares that the argument list for subprogram \\spad{f} in symbol table \\spad{tab} is \\spad{l}.")) (|endSubProgram| (((|Symbol|)) "\\spad{endSubProgram()} asserts that we are no longer processing the current subprogram.")) (|currentSubProgram| (((|Symbol|)) "\\spad{currentSubProgram()} returns the name of the current subprogram being processed")) (|newSubProgram| (((|Void|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{newSubProgram(f)} asserts that from now on type declarations are part of subprogram \\spad{f}.")) (|declare!| (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{declare!(u,t,asp)} declares the parameter \\spad{u} to have type \\spad{t} in \\spad{asp}.") (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|)) "\\spad{declare!(u,t)} declares the parameter \\spad{u} to have type \\spad{t} in the current level of the symbol table.") (((|FortranType|) (|List| (|Symbol|)) (|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{declare!(u,t,asp,tab)} declares the parameters \\spad{u} of subprogram \\spad{asp} to have type \\spad{t} in symbol table \\spad{tab}.") (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{declare!(u,t,asp,tab)} declares the parameter \\spad{u} of subprogram \\spad{asp} to have type \\spad{t} in symbol table \\spad{tab}.")) (|clearTheSymbolTable| (((|Void|) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{clearTheSymbolTable(x)} removes the symbol \\spad{x} from the table") (((|Void|)) "\\spad{clearTheSymbolTable()} clears the current symbol table.")) (|showTheSymbolTable| (($) "\\spad{showTheSymbolTable()} returns the current symbol table."))) NIL NIL (|SymbolTable|) -((|constructor| (NIL "Create and manipulate a symbol table for generated FORTRAN code")) (|symbolTable| (($ (|List| (|Record| (|:| |key| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |entry| (|FortranType|))))) "\\spad{symbolTable(l)} creates a symbol table from the elements of \\spad{l}.")) (|printTypes| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{printTypes(tab)} produces FORTRAN type declarations from \\spad{tab},{} on the current FORTRAN output stream")) (|newTypeLists| (((|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{newTypeLists(x)} \\undocumented")) (|typeLists| (((|List| (|List| (|Union| (|:| |name| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |bounds| (|List| (|Union| (|:| S (|Symbol|)) (|:| P (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))))))))) $) "\\spad{typeLists(tab)} returns a list of lists of types of objects in \\spad{tab}")) (|externalList| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{externalList(tab)} returns a list of all the external symbols in \\spad{tab}")) (|typeList| (((|List| (|Union| (|:| |name| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |bounds| (|List| (|Union| (|:| S (|Symbol|)) (|:| P (|Polynomial| (|Integer|)))))))) (|FortranScalarType|) $) "\\spad{typeList(t,tab)} returns a list of all the objects of type \\spad{t} in \\spad{tab}")) (|parametersOf| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{parametersOf(tab)} returns a list of all the symbols declared in \\spad{tab}")) (|fortranTypeOf| (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{fortranTypeOf(u,tab)} returns the type of \\spad{u} in \\spad{tab}")) (|declare!| (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|) $) "\\spad{declare!(u,t,tab)} creates a new entry in \\spad{tab},{} declaring \\spad{u} to be of type \\spad{t}") (((|FortranType|) (|List| (|Symbol|)) (|FortranType|) $) "\\spad{declare!(l,t,tab)} creates new entrys in \\spad{tab},{} declaring each of \\spad{l} to be of type \\spad{t}")) (|empty| (($) "\\spad{empty()} returns a new,{} empty symbol table")) (|coerce| (((|Table| (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|)) $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} returns a table view of \\spad{x}"))) +((|constructor| (NIL "Create and manipulate a symbol table for generated FORTRAN code")) (|symbolTable| (($ (|List| (|Record| (|:| |key| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |entry| (|FortranType|))))) "\\spad{symbolTable(l)} creates a symbol table from the elements of \\spad{l}.")) (|printTypes| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{printTypes(tab)} produces FORTRAN type declarations from \\spad{tab},{} on the current FORTRAN output stream")) (|newTypeLists| (((|SExpression|) $) "\\spad{newTypeLists(x)} \\undocumented")) (|typeLists| (((|List| (|List| (|Union| (|:| |name| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |bounds| (|List| (|Union| (|:| S (|Symbol|)) (|:| P (|Polynomial| (|Integer|))))))))) $) "\\spad{typeLists(tab)} returns a list of lists of types of objects in \\spad{tab}")) (|externalList| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{externalList(tab)} returns a list of all the external symbols in \\spad{tab}")) (|typeList| (((|List| (|Union| (|:| |name| (|Symbol|)) (|:| |bounds| (|List| (|Union| (|:| S (|Symbol|)) (|:| P (|Polynomial| (|Integer|)))))))) (|FortranScalarType|) $) "\\spad{typeList(t,tab)} returns a list of all the objects of type \\spad{t} in \\spad{tab}")) (|parametersOf| (((|List| (|Symbol|)) $) "\\spad{parametersOf(tab)} returns a list of all the symbols declared in \\spad{tab}")) (|fortranTypeOf| (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{fortranTypeOf(u,tab)} returns the type of \\spad{u} in \\spad{tab}")) (|declare!| (((|FortranType|) (|Symbol|) (|FortranType|) $) "\\spad{declare!(u,t,tab)} creates a new entry in \\spad{tab},{} declaring \\spad{u} to be of type \\spad{t}") (((|FortranType|) (|List| (|Symbol|)) (|FortranType|) $) "\\spad{declare!(l,t,tab)} creates new entrys in \\spad{tab},{} declaring each of \\spad{l} to be of type \\spad{t}")) (|empty| (($) "\\spad{empty()} returns a new,{} empty symbol table"))) NIL NIL (|Syntax|) @@ -4357,7 +4357,7 @@ NIL NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| #1=(|Record| (|:| |key| |#1|) (|:| |entry| |#2|)) (|%list| #2=(QUOTE |Evalable|) #3=(|%list| (QUOTE |Record|) (|%list| #4=(QUOTE |:|) (QUOTE |key|) (|devaluate| |#1|)) (|%list| #4# (QUOTE |entry|) #5=(|devaluate| |#2|))))) #6=(|HasCategory| #1# #7=(QUOTE (|SetCategory|)))) (OR #8=(|HasCategory| |#2| #7#) #6#) (OR #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|BasicType|))) #8# #11=(|HasCategory| #1# #10#) #6#) (OR #12=(|HasCategory| #1# #13=(QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#2| #13#)) (|HasCategory| #1# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| #2# #5#))) #11# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))) #9# (OR #9# #11#) #8# #14# #12# #6# (AND #15=(|HasCategory| $ (|%list| #16=(QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #3#)) #11#) #15# (AND #9# (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| #16# #5#))) (|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |ShallowlyMutableAggregate|) #5#))) (|Tableau| S) -((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{The tableau domain is for printing Young tableaux,{} and} coercions to and from List List \\spad{S} where \\spad{S} is a set.")) (|coerce| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{coerce(t)} converts a tableau \\spad{t} to an output form.")) (|listOfLists| (((|List| (|List| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{listOfLists t} converts a tableau \\spad{t} to a list of lists.")) (|tableau| (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{tableau(ll)} converts a list of lists \\spad{ll} to a tableau."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{The tableau domain is for printing Young tableaux,{} and} coercions to and from List List \\spad{S} where \\spad{S} is a set.")) (|listOfLists| (((|List| (|List| |#1|)) $) "\\spad{listOfLists t} converts a tableau \\spad{t} to a list of lists.")) (|tableau| (($ (|List| (|List| |#1|))) "\\spad{tableau(ll)} converts a list of lists \\spad{ll} to a tableau."))) NIL NIL (|TermAlgebraOperator| S) @@ -4434,8 +4434,8 @@ NIL ((AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #1=(|%list| (QUOTE |ConvertibleTo|) (|%list| (QUOTE |Pattern|) #2=(|devaluate| |#1|)))) (|HasCategory| |#1| #3=(|%list| (QUOTE |PatternMatchable|) #2#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| #1#) (|HasCategory| |#2| #3#))) (|TaylorSeries| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{TaylorSeries} is a general multivariate Taylor series domain over the ring Coef and with variables of type Symbol.")) (|fintegrate| (($ (|Mapping| $) (|Symbol|) |#1|) "\\spad{fintegrate(f,v,c)} is the integral of \\spad{f()} with respect \\indented{1}{to \\spad{v} and having \\spad{c} as the constant of integration.} \\indented{1}{The evaluation of \\spad{f()} is delayed.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Symbol|) |#1|) "\\spad{integrate(s,v,c)} is the integral of \\spad{s} with respect \\indented{1}{to \\spad{v} and having \\spad{c} as the constant of integration.}")) (|coerce| (($ (|Polynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} regroups terms of \\spad{s} by total degree \\indented{1}{and forms a series.}") (($ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{coerce(s)} converts a variable to a Taylor series")) (|coefficient| (((|Polynomial| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{coefficient(s, n)} gives the terms of total degree \\spad{n}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (OR #1# #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) #2# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) #1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #2# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|TriangularSetCategory&| S R E V P) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of triangular sets of multivariate polynomials with coefficients in an integral domain. Let \\axiom{\\spad{R}} be an integral domain and \\axiom{\\spad{V}} a finite ordered set of variables,{} say \\axiom{\\spad{X1} < \\spad{X2} < ... < Xn}. A set \\axiom{\\spad{S}} of polynomials in \\axiom{\\spad{R}[\\spad{X1},{}\\spad{X2},{}...,{}Xn]} is triangular if no elements of \\axiom{\\spad{S}} lies in \\axiom{\\spad{R}},{} and if two distinct elements of \\axiom{\\spad{S}} have distinct main variables. Note that the empty set is a triangular set. A triangular set is not necessarily a (lexicographical) Groebner basis and the notion of reduction related to triangular sets is based on the recursive view of polynomials. We recall this notion here and refer to [1] for more details. A polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{P}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} a non-constant polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{Q}} if the degree of \\axiom{\\spad{P}} in the main variable of \\axiom{\\spad{Q}} is less than the main degree of \\axiom{\\spad{Q}}. A polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{P}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} a triangular set \\axiom{\\spad{T}} if it is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. every polynomial of \\axiom{\\spad{T}}. \\newline References : \\indented{1}{[1] \\spad{P}. AUBRY,{} \\spad{D}. LAZARD and \\spad{M}. MORENO MAZA \"On the Theories} \\indented{5}{of Triangular Sets\" Journal of Symbol. Comp. (to appear)}")) (|coHeight| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{coHeight(ts)} returns \\axiom{size()\\$\\spad{V}} minus \\axiom{\\#ts}.")) (|extend| (($ $ |#5|) "\\axiom{extend(ts,{}\\spad{p})} returns a triangular set which encodes the simple extension by \\axiom{\\spad{p}} of the extension of the base field defined by \\axiom{ts},{} according to the properties of triangular sets of the current category If the required properties do not hold an error is returned.")) (|extendIfCan| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ |#5|) "\\axiom{extendIfCan(ts,{}\\spad{p})} returns a triangular set which encodes the simple extension by \\axiom{\\spad{p}} of the extension of the base field defined by \\axiom{ts},{} according to the properties of triangular sets of the current domain. If the required properties do not hold then \"failed\" is returned. This operation encodes in some sense the properties of the triangular sets of the current category. Is is used to implement the \\axiom{construct} operation to guarantee that every triangular set build from a list of polynomials has the required properties.")) (|select| (((|Union| |#5| "failed") $ |#4|) "\\axiom{select(ts,{}\\spad{v})} returns the polynomial of \\axiom{ts} with \\axiom{\\spad{v}} as main variable,{} if any.")) (|algebraic?| (((|Boolean|) |#4| $) "\\axiom{algebraic?(\\spad{v},{}ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{v}} is the main variable of some polynomial in \\axiom{ts}.")) (|algebraicVariables| (((|List| |#4|) $) "\\axiom{algebraicVariables(ts)} returns the decreasingly sorted list of the main variables of the polynomials of \\axiom{ts}.")) (|rest| (((|Union| $ "failed") $) "\\axiom{rest(ts)} returns the polynomials of \\axiom{ts} with smaller main variable than \\axiom{mvar(ts)} if \\axiom{ts} is not empty,{} otherwise returns \"failed\"")) (|last| (((|Union| |#5| "failed") $) "\\axiom{last(ts)} returns the polynomial of \\axiom{ts} with smallest main variable if \\axiom{ts} is not empty,{} otherwise returns \\axiom{\"failed\"}.")) (|first| (((|Union| |#5| "failed") $) "\\axiom{first(ts)} returns the polynomial of \\axiom{ts} with greatest main variable if \\axiom{ts} is not empty,{} otherwise returns \\axiom{\"failed\"}.")) (|zeroSetSplitIntoTriangularSystems| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |close| $) (|:| |open| (|List| |#5|)))) (|List| |#5|)) "\\axiom{zeroSetSplitIntoTriangularSystems(lp)} returns a list of triangular systems \\axiom{[[\\spad{ts1},{}\\spad{qs1}],{}...,{}[tsn,{}qsn]]} such that the zero set of \\axiom{lp} is the union of the closures of the \\axiom{W_i} where \\axiom{W_i} consists of the zeros of \\axiom{ts} which do not cancel any polynomial in \\axiom{qsi}.")) (|zeroSetSplit| (((|List| $) (|List| |#5|)) "\\axiom{zeroSetSplit(lp)} returns a list \\axiom{lts} of triangular sets such that the zero set of \\axiom{lp} is the union of the closures of the regular zero sets of the members of \\axiom{lts}.")) (|reduceByQuasiMonic| ((|#5| |#5| $) "\\axiom{reduceByQuasiMonic(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns the same as \\axiom{remainder(\\spad{p},{}collectQuasiMonic(ts)).polnum}.")) (|collectQuasiMonic| (($ $) "\\axiom{collectQuasiMonic(ts)} returns the subset of \\axiom{ts} consisting of the polynomials with initial in \\axiom{\\spad{R}}.")) (|removeZero| ((|#5| |#5| $) "\\axiom{removeZero(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns \\axiom{0} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} reduces to \\axiom{0} by pseudo-division \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} \\axiom{ts} otherwise returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} computed from \\axiom{\\spad{p}} by removing any coefficient in \\axiom{\\spad{p}} reducing to \\axiom{0}.")) (|initiallyReduce| ((|#5| |#5| $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduce(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{r},{}ts)} holds and there exists some product \\axiom{\\spad{h}} of \\axiom{initials(ts)} such that \\axiom{h*p - \\spad{r}} lies in the ideal generated by \\axiom{ts}.")) (|headReduce| ((|#5| |#5| $) "\\axiom{headReduce(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{headReduce?(\\spad{r},{}ts)} holds and there exists some product \\axiom{\\spad{h}} of \\axiom{initials(ts)} such that \\axiom{h*p - \\spad{r}} lies in the ideal generated by \\axiom{ts}.")) (|stronglyReduce| ((|#5| |#5| $) "\\axiom{stronglyReduce(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{stronglyReduced?(\\spad{r},{}ts)} holds and there exists some product \\axiom{\\spad{h}} of \\axiom{initials(ts)} such that \\axiom{h*p - \\spad{r}} lies in the ideal generated by \\axiom{ts}.")) (|rewriteSetWithReduction| (((|List| |#5|) (|List| |#5|) $ (|Mapping| |#5| |#5| |#5|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| |#5|)) "\\axiom{rewriteSetWithReduction(lp,{}ts,{}redOp,{}redOp?)} returns a list \\axiom{lq} of polynomials such that \\axiom{[reduce(\\spad{p},{}ts,{}redOp,{}redOp?) for \\spad{p} in lp]} and \\axiom{lp} have the same zeros inside the regular zero set of \\axiom{ts}. Moreover,{} for every polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{q}} in \\axiom{lq} and every polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{t}} in \\axiom{ts} \\axiom{redOp?(\\spad{q},{}\\spad{t})} holds and there exists a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{p}} in the ideal generated by \\axiom{lp} and a product \\axiom{\\spad{h}} of \\axiom{initials(ts)} such that \\axiom{h*p - \\spad{r}} lies in the ideal generated by \\axiom{ts}. The operation \\axiom{redOp} must satisfy the following conditions. For every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} we have \\axiom{redOp?(redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q}),{}\\spad{q})} and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} and a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{f}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{q})^e*p = f*q + redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q})}.")) (|reduce| ((|#5| |#5| $ (|Mapping| |#5| |#5| |#5|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| |#5|)) "\\axiom{reduce(\\spad{p},{}ts,{}redOp,{}redOp?)} returns a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{r}} such that \\axiom{redOp?(\\spad{r},{}\\spad{p})} holds for every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} of \\axiom{ts} and there exists some product \\axiom{\\spad{h}} of the initials of the members of \\axiom{ts} such that \\axiom{h*p - \\spad{r}} lies in the ideal generated by \\axiom{ts}. The operation \\axiom{redOp} must satisfy the following conditions. For every \\axiom{\\spad{p}} and \\axiom{\\spad{q}} we have \\axiom{redOp?(redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q}),{}\\spad{q})} and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} and a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{f}} such that \\axiom{init(\\spad{q})^e*p = f*q + redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q})}.")) (|autoReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| (|List| |#5|))) "\\axiom{autoReduced?(ts,{}redOp?)} returns \\spad{true} iff every element of \\axiom{ts} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} to every other in the sense of \\axiom{redOp?}")) (|initiallyReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{initiallyReduced?(ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff for every element \\axiom{\\spad{p}} of \\axiom{\\spad{ts}} \\axiom{\\spad{p}} and all its iterated initials are reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. to the other elements of \\axiom{\\spad{ts}} with the same main variable.") (((|Boolean|) |#5| $) "\\axiom{initiallyReduced?(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} and all its iterated initials are reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. to the elements of \\axiom{ts} with the same main variable.")) (|headReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{headReduced?(ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff the head of every element of \\axiom{\\spad{ts}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} to any other element of \\axiom{\\spad{ts}}.") (((|Boolean|) |#5| $) "\\axiom{headReduced?(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff the head of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{ts}.")) (|stronglyReduced?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{stronglyReduced?(ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff every element of \\axiom{ts} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} to any other element of \\axiom{ts}.") (((|Boolean|) |#5| $) "\\axiom{stronglyReduced?(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. \\axiom{ts}.")) (|reduced?| (((|Boolean|) |#5| $ (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| |#5|)) "\\axiom{reduced?(\\spad{p},{}ts,{}redOp?)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is reduced \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. in the sense of the operation \\axiom{redOp?},{} that is if for every \\axiom{\\spad{t}} in \\axiom{ts} \\axiom{redOp?(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{t})} holds.")) (|normalized?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\axiom{normalized?(ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff for every axiom{\\spad{p}} in axiom{ts} we have \\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{p},{}us)} where \\axiom{us} is \\axiom{collectUnder(ts,{}mvar(\\spad{p}))}.") (((|Boolean|) |#5| $) "\\axiom{normalized?(\\spad{p},{}ts)} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{p}} and all its iterated initials have degree zero \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the main variables of the polynomials of \\axiom{ts}")) (|quasiComponent| (((|Record| (|:| |close| (|List| |#5|)) (|:| |open| (|List| |#5|))) $) "\\axiom{quasiComponent(ts)} returns \\axiom{[lp,{}lq]} where \\axiom{lp} is the list of the members of \\axiom{ts} and \\axiom{lq}is \\axiom{initials(ts)}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\axiom{degree(ts)} returns the product of main degrees of the members of \\axiom{ts}.")) (|initials| (((|List| |#5|) $) "\\axiom{initials(ts)} returns the list of the non-constant initials of the members of \\axiom{ts}.")) (|basicSet| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |bas| $) (|:| |top| (|List| |#5|))) "failed") (|List| |#5|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| |#5|)) "\\axiom{basicSet(ps,{}pred?,{}redOp?)} returns the same as \\axiom{basicSet(qs,{}redOp?)} where \\axiom{qs} consists of the polynomials of \\axiom{ps} satisfying property \\axiom{pred?}.") (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |bas| $) (|:| |top| (|List| |#5|))) "failed") (|List| |#5|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#5| |#5|)) "\\axiom{basicSet(ps,{}redOp?)} returns \\axiom{[bs,{}ts]} where \\axiom{concat(bs,{}ts)} is \\axiom{ps} and \\axiom{bs} is a basic set in Wu Wen Tsun sense of \\axiom{ps} \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} the reduction-test \\axiom{redOp?},{} if no non-zero constant polynomial lie in \\axiom{ps},{} otherwise \\axiom{\"failed\"} is returned.")) (|infRittWu?| (((|Boolean|) $ $) "\\axiom{infRittWu?(\\spad{ts1},{}\\spad{ts2})} returns \\spad{true} iff \\axiom{\\spad{ts2}} has higher rank than \\axiom{\\spad{ts1}} in Wu Wen Tsun sense."))) NIL @@ -4482,7 +4482,7 @@ NIL NIL (|UniqueFactorizationDomain|) ((|constructor| (NIL "A constructive unique factorization domain,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} where we can constructively factor members into a product of a finite number of irreducible elements.")) (|factor| (((|Factored| $) $) "\\spad{factor(x)} returns the factorization of \\spad{x} into irreducibles.")) (|squareFreePart| (($ $) "\\spad{squareFreePart(x)} returns a product of prime factors of \\spad{x} each taken with multiplicity one.")) (|squareFree| (((|Factored| $) $) "\\spad{squareFree(x)} returns the square-free factorization of \\spad{x} \\spadignore{i.e.} such that the factors are pairwise relatively prime and each has multiple prime factors.")) (|prime?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{prime?(x)} tests if \\spad{x} can never be written as the product of two non-units of the ring,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{x} is an irreducible element."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|UInt16|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain is a datatype for (unsigned) integer values of precision 16 bits."))) @@ -4502,15 +4502,15 @@ NIL NIL (|UnivariateLaurentSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Dense Laurent series in one variable \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{UnivariateLaurentSeries} is a domain representing Laurent} \\indented{2}{series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring.\\space{2}The} \\indented{2}{parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series} \\indented{2}{variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion.\\space{2}For example,{}} \\indented{2}{\\spad{UnivariateLaurentSeries(Integer,x,3)} represents Laurent series in} \\indented{2}{\\spad{(x - 3)} with integer coefficients.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|coerce| (($ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts the series variable \\spad{var} into a Laurent series."))) -(((|commutative| "*") OR #1=(|and| #2=(|has| |#1| #3=(|Field|)) (|has| #4=(|UnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) (|has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) #5=(|and| #2# (|has| #4# (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|noZeroDivisors| OR #1# (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) #5#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #6=(#3#)) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #6#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #8=(|UnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) #9=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|)))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #9#)) (OR #11=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #12=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) #13=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #12#)) (OR #15=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #16=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17=(|Symbol|))))) #18=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #16#) #19=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #20=(|devaluate| |#1|) #21=(QUOTE #2#) #20#))))) (OR #15# #22=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17#)))) #18#) (OR #23=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) #19#) (OR #23# #24=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|)))) #19#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #6# #3#) #6# #25=(AND #6# #26=(|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #6# #3#) #13# (OR #13# #27=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #28=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #1#) #28# (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #29=(|%list| (QUOTE |UnivariateTaylorSeries|) #20# (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|)) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #30=(QUOTE #17#) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #31=(|Float|)))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #31#)))) (AND #32=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #20# #20# #21#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #20# #30#)))) #32# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #20# #20# #30#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #30#) #20#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #26# #7# #10# (OR #25# #13# #3#) (OR #25# #13# #4#) #22# #24# #27# (OR #11# #14#) #33=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| $ #9#) #26#) (OR #5# #33# #10#)) +(((|commutative| "*") OR #1=(|and| #2=(|has| |#1| #3=(|Field|)) (|has| #4=(|UnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))) (|has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) #5=(|and| #2# (|has| #4# (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (|noZeroDivisors| OR #1# (|has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) #5#) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| #3#)) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(AND #6=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #7=(|HasCategory| #8=(|UnivariateTaylorSeries| |#1| |#2| |#3|) #9=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|)))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #9#)) (OR #11=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #12=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) #13=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#1| #12#)) (OR #15=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# #16=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #17=(|Symbol|))))) #18=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #16#) #19=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #20=(|devaluate| |#1|) #21=(QUOTE #2#) #20#))))) (OR #15# #22=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #17#)))) #18#) (OR #23=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|)))) #19#) (OR #23# #24=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|)))) #19#) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #6# #3#) #6# #25=(AND #6# #26=(|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #17#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #6# #3#) #13# (OR #13# #27=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #28=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#)))) #1#) #28# (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #29=(|%list| (QUOTE |UnivariateTaylorSeries|) #20# (|devaluate| |#2|) (|devaluate| |#3|)) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #30=(QUOTE #17#) #29#))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #31=(|Float|)))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #31#)))) (AND #32=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #20# #20# #21#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #20# #30#)))) #32# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #20# #20# #30#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #30#) #20#))))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #6# (|HasCategory| #8# (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #26# #7# #10# (OR #25# #13# #3#) (OR #25# #13# #4#) #24# #22# #27# (OR #11# #14#) #33=(AND #6# (|HasCategory| $ #9#) #26#) (OR #5# #33# #10#)) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesFunctions2| |Coef1| |Coef2| |var1| |var2| |cen1| |cen2|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Mapping package for univariate Laurent series \\indented{2}{This package allows one to apply a function to the coefficients of} \\indented{2}{a univariate Laurent series.}")) (|map| (((|UnivariateLaurentSeries| |#2| |#4| |#6|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariateLaurentSeries| |#1| |#3| |#5|)) "\\spad{map(f,g(x))} applies the map \\spad{f} to the coefficients of the Laurent series \\spad{g(x)}."))) NIL NIL (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesCategory| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{UnivariateLaurentSeriesCategory} is the category of Laurent series in one variable.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),y)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{y}.") (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),y)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 1. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|rationalFunction| (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{rationalFunction(f,k1,k2)} returns a rational function consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{d} with \\spad{k1 <= d <= k2}.") (((|Fraction| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{rationalFunction(f,k)} returns a rational function consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree <= \\spad{k}.")) (|multiplyCoefficients| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{multiplyCoefficients(f,sum(n = n0..infinity,a[n] * x**n)) = sum(n = 0..infinity,f(n) * a[n] * x**n)}. This function is used when Puiseux series are represented by a Laurent series and an exponent.")) (|series| (($ (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Integer|)) (|:| |c| |#1|)))) "\\spad{series(st)} creates a series from a stream of non-zero terms,{} where a term is an exponent-coefficient pair. The terms in the stream should be ordered by increasing order of exponents."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) NIL (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructorCategory&| S |Coef| UTS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is a category of univariate Laurent series constructed from univariate Taylor series. A Laurent series is represented by a pair \\spad{[n,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{n} is an arbitrary integer and \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series. This pair represents the Laurent series \\spad{x**n * f(x)}.")) (|taylorIfCan| (((|Union| |#3| "failed") $) "\\spad{taylorIfCan(f(x))} converts the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)} to a Taylor series,{} if possible. If this is not possible,{} \"failed\" is returned.")) (|taylor| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{taylor(f(x))} converts the Laurent series \\spad{f}(\\spad{x}) to a Taylor series,{} if possible. Error: if this is not possible.")) (|removeZeroes| (($ (|Integer|) $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(n,f(x))} removes up to \\spad{n} leading zeroes from the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)}. A Laurent series is represented by (1) an exponent and (2) a Taylor series which may have leading zero coefficients. When the Taylor series has a leading zero coefficient,{} the 'leading zero' is removed from the Laurent series as follows: the series is rewritten by increasing the exponent by 1 and dividing the Taylor series by its variable.") (($ $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(f(x))} removes leading zeroes from the representation of the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)}. A Laurent series is represented by (1) an exponent and (2) a Taylor series which may have leading zero coefficients. When the Taylor series has a leading zero coefficient,{} the 'leading zero' is removed from the Laurent series as follows: the series is rewritten by increasing the exponent by 1 and dividing the Taylor series by its variable. Note: \\spad{removeZeroes(f)} removes all leading zeroes from \\spad{f}")) (|taylorRep| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{taylorRep(f(x))} returns \\spad{g(x)},{} where \\spad{f = x**n * g(x)} is represented by \\spad{[n,g(x)]}.")) (|degree| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{degree(f(x))} returns the degree of the lowest order term of \\spad{f(x)},{} which may have zero as a coefficient.")) (|laurent| (($ (|Integer|) |#3|) "\\spad{laurent(n,f(x))} returns \\spad{x**n * f(x)}."))) @@ -4518,12 +4518,12 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructorCategory| |Coef| UTS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is a category of univariate Laurent series constructed from univariate Taylor series. A Laurent series is represented by a pair \\spad{[n,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{n} is an arbitrary integer and \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series. This pair represents the Laurent series \\spad{x**n * f(x)}.")) (|taylorIfCan| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") $) "\\spad{taylorIfCan(f(x))} converts the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)} to a Taylor series,{} if possible. If this is not possible,{} \"failed\" is returned.")) (|taylor| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{taylor(f(x))} converts the Laurent series \\spad{f}(\\spad{x}) to a Taylor series,{} if possible. Error: if this is not possible.")) (|removeZeroes| (($ (|Integer|) $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(n,f(x))} removes up to \\spad{n} leading zeroes from the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)}. A Laurent series is represented by (1) an exponent and (2) a Taylor series which may have leading zero coefficients. When the Taylor series has a leading zero coefficient,{} the 'leading zero' is removed from the Laurent series as follows: the series is rewritten by increasing the exponent by 1 and dividing the Taylor series by its variable.") (($ $) "\\spad{removeZeroes(f(x))} removes leading zeroes from the representation of the Laurent series \\spad{f(x)}. A Laurent series is represented by (1) an exponent and (2) a Taylor series which may have leading zero coefficients. When the Taylor series has a leading zero coefficient,{} the 'leading zero' is removed from the Laurent series as follows: the series is rewritten by increasing the exponent by 1 and dividing the Taylor series by its variable. Note: \\spad{removeZeroes(f)} removes all leading zeroes from \\spad{f}")) (|taylorRep| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{taylorRep(f(x))} returns \\spad{g(x)},{} where \\spad{f = x**n * g(x)} is represented by \\spad{[n,g(x)]}.")) (|degree| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{degree(f(x))} returns the degree of the lowest order term of \\spad{f(x)},{} which may have zero as a coefficient.")) (|laurent| (($ (|Integer|) |#2|) "\\spad{laurent(n,f(x))} returns \\spad{x**n * f(x)}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) NIL (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructor| |Coef| UTS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package enables one to construct a univariate Laurent series domain from a univariate Taylor series domain. Univariate Laurent series are represented by a pair \\spad{[n,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{n} is an arbitrary integer and \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series. This pair represents the Laurent series \\spad{x**n * f(x)}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| #6=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #7=(AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| #6#))) (OR #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) #13=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))))) (OR #14=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| #15=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|))))) #17=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #15#) #18=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #19=(|devaluate| |#1|) #20=(QUOTE #2#) #19#))))) (OR #14# #21=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#)))) #17#) (OR #18# #22=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))))) (OR #18# #22# #23=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #8# #3#) #8# (AND #8# #24=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #8# #3#) #13# (OR #13# #25=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #1# #26=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))))) #26# (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #27=(|devaluate| |#2|) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #28=(QUOTE #16#) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #29=(|Float|)))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #29#)))) (AND #30=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #19# #19# #20#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #19# #28#)))) #30# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #19# #19# #28#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #28#) #19#))))) #25# #24# (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #5# #9# (OR #18# #23#) (OR #21# #17#) #21# #23# (OR #10# #12#) #31=(AND #8# #24# (|HasCategory| $ #6#)) (OR #31# #5# #7#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #4# #3#) (OR #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| #6=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #7=(AND #8=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #9=(|HasCategory| |#2| #6#))) (OR #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| #11=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| #11#)) #13=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedIntegralDomain|))))) (OR #14=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| #15=(QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #16=(|Symbol|))))) #17=(AND (|HasCategory| |#1| #15#) #18=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #19=(|devaluate| |#1|) #20=(QUOTE #2#) #19#))))) (OR #14# #21=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #16#)))) #17#) (OR #18# #22=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))))) (OR #18# #22# #23=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (OR #8# #3#) #8# (AND #8# #24=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #16#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RealConstant|)))) (OR #4# #8# #3#) #13# (OR #13# #25=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|OrderedSet|))))) (OR #1# #26=(AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #2#))))) #26# (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Eltable|) #27=(|devaluate| |#2|) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |InnerEvalable|) #28=(QUOTE #16#) #27#))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #2#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #2#))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #29=(|Float|)))))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #2#)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #29#)))) (AND #30=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #19# #19# #20#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #19# #28#)))) #30# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #19# #19# #28#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #28#) #19#))))) #25# #24# (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegerNumberSystem|)))) (AND #8# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|EuclideanDomain|)))) #5# #9# (OR #18# #23#) (OR #21# #17#) #23# #21# (OR #10# #12#) #31=(AND #8# #24# (|HasCategory| $ #6#)) (OR #31# #5# #7#)) (|UnivariateFactorize| ZP) ((|constructor| (NIL "Package for the factorization of univariate polynomials with integer coefficients. The factorization is done by \"lifting\" (HENSEL) the factorization over a finite field.")) (|henselFact| (((|Record| (|:| |contp| (|Integer|)) (|:| |factors| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |irr| |#1|) (|:| |pow| (|Integer|)))))) |#1| (|Boolean|)) "\\spad{henselFact(m,flag)} returns the factorization of \\spad{m},{} FinalFact is a Record \\spad{s}.\\spad{t}. FinalFact.contp=content \\spad{m},{} FinalFact.factors=List of irreducible factors of \\spad{m} with exponent ,{} if \\spad{flag} =true the polynomial is assumed square free.")) (|factorSquareFree| (((|Factored| |#1|) |#1|) "\\spad{factorSquareFree(m)} returns the factorization of \\spad{m} square free polynomial")) (|factor| (((|Factored| |#1|) |#1|) "\\spad{factor(m)} returns the factorization of \\spad{m}"))) NIL @@ -4538,8 +4538,8 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|OrderedRing|)))) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |x| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents univariate polynomials in some symbol over arbitrary (not necessarily commutative) coefficient rings. The representation is sparse in the sense that only non-zero terms are represented.")) (|fmecg| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) |#2| $) "\\spad{fmecg(p1,e,r,p2)} finds \\spad{X} : \\spad{p1} - \\spad{r} * X**e * \\spad{p2}"))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#2| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) -(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| #13=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #15=(|Fraction| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #14# #16=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #15#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #13#)) (OR #20# #12#)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#2| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#2| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) +(#1=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PolynomialFactorizationExplicit|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #3# #2#) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #4=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #5=(|Float|)))) (|HasCategory| #6=(|SingletonAsOrderedSet|) #4#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #7=(QUOTE (|PatternMatchable| #8=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #7#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #9=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #5#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #9#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #10=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|Pattern| #8#)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #10#)) (AND (|HasCategory| |#2| #11=(QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) (|HasCategory| #6# #11#)) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| #8#))) #12=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #13=(|Fraction| #8#)))) #14=(|HasCategory| |#2| #15=(QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #8#))) (OR #12# #16=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #13#)))) #16# (OR #3# #17=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) #18=(|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #2# #1#) (OR #17# #18# #1#) #17# (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialSpace| #19=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #19#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialSpace|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|DifferentialRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) #18# #20=(AND #1# (|HasCategory| $ #15#)) (OR #20# #14#)) (|UnivariatePolynomialFunctions2| |x| R |y| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package lifts a mapping from coefficient rings \\spad{R} to \\spad{S} to a mapping from \\spadtype{UnivariatePolynomial}(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{R}) to \\spadtype{UnivariatePolynomial}(\\spad{y},{}\\spad{S}). Note that the mapping is assumed to send zero to zero,{} since it will only be applied to the non-zero coefficients of the polynomial.")) (|map| (((|UnivariatePolynomial| |#3| |#4|) (|Mapping| |#4| |#2|) (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\spad{map(func, poly)} creates a new polynomial by applying \\spad{func} to every non-zero coefficient of the polynomial poly."))) NIL @@ -4566,7 +4566,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|StepThrough|)))) (|UnivariatePolynomialCategory| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The category of univariate polynomials over a ring \\spad{R}. No particular model is assumed - implementations can be either sparse or dense.")) (|integrate| (($ $) "\\spad{integrate(p)} integrates the univariate polynomial \\spad{p} with respect to its distinguished variable.")) (|additiveValuation| ((|attribute|) "euclideanSize(a*b) = euclideanSize(a) + euclideanSize(\\spad{b})")) (|separate| (((|Record| (|:| |primePart| $) (|:| |commonPart| $)) $ $) "\\spad{separate(p, q)} returns \\spad{[a, b]} such that polynomial \\spad{p = a b} and \\spad{a} is relatively prime to \\spad{q}.")) (|pseudoDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |coef| |#1|) (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{pseudoDivide(p,q)} returns \\spad{[c, q, r]},{} when \\spad{p' := p*lc(q)**(deg p - deg q + 1) = c * p} is pseudo right-divided by \\spad{q},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{p' = s q + r}.")) (|pseudoQuotient| (($ $ $) "\\spad{pseudoQuotient(p,q)} returns \\spad{r},{} the quotient when \\spad{p' := p*lc(q)**(deg p - deg q + 1)} is pseudo right-divided by \\spad{q},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{p' = s q + r}.")) (|composite| (((|Union| (|Fraction| $) "failed") (|Fraction| $) $) "\\spad{composite(f, q)} returns \\spad{h} if \\spad{f} = \\spad{h}(\\spad{q}),{} and \"failed\" is no such \\spad{h} exists.") (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{composite(p, q)} returns \\spad{h} if \\spad{p = h(q)},{} and \"failed\" no such \\spad{h} exists.")) (|subResultantGcd| (($ $ $) "\\spad{subResultantGcd(p,q)} computes the gcd of the polynomials \\spad{p} and \\spad{q} using the SubResultant GCD algorithm.")) (|order| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $ $) "\\spad{order(p, q)} returns the largest \\spad{n} such that \\spad{q**n} divides polynomial \\spad{p} \\spadignore{i.e.} the order of \\spad{p(x)} at \\spad{q(x)=0}.")) (|elt| ((|#1| (|Fraction| $) |#1|) "\\spad{elt(a,r)} evaluates the fraction of univariate polynomials \\spad{a} with the distinguished variable replaced by the constant \\spad{r}.") (((|Fraction| $) (|Fraction| $) (|Fraction| $)) "\\spad{elt(a,b)} evaluates the fraction of univariate polynomials \\spad{a} with the distinguished variable replaced by \\spad{b}.")) (|resultant| ((|#1| $ $) "\\spad{resultant(p,q)} returns the resultant of the polynomials \\spad{p} and \\spad{q}.")) (|discriminant| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{discriminant(p)} returns the discriminant of the polynomial \\spad{p}.")) (|differentiate| (($ $ (|Mapping| |#1| |#1|) $) "\\spad{differentiate(p, d, x')} extends the \\spad{R}-derivation \\spad{d} to an extension \\spad{D} in \\spad{R[x]} where Dx is given by x',{} and returns \\spad{Dp}.")) (|pseudoRemainder| (($ $ $) "\\spad{pseudoRemainder(p,q)} = \\spad{r},{} for polynomials \\spad{p} and \\spad{q},{} returns the remainder when \\spad{p' := p*lc(q)**(deg p - deg q + 1)} is pseudo right-divided by \\spad{q},{} \\spadignore{i.e.} \\spad{p' = s q + r}.")) (|shiftLeft| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{shiftLeft(p,n)} returns \\spad{p * monomial(1,n)}")) (|shiftRight| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{shiftRight(p,n)} returns \\spad{monicDivide(p,monomial(1,n)).quotient}")) (|karatsubaDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{karatsubaDivide(p,n)} returns the same as \\spad{monicDivide(p,monomial(1,n))}")) (|monicDivide| (((|Record| (|:| |quotient| $) (|:| |remainder| $)) $ $) "\\spad{monicDivide(p,q)} divide the polynomial \\spad{p} by the monic polynomial \\spad{q},{} returning the pair \\spad{[quotient, remainder]}. Error: if \\spad{q} isn't monic.")) (|divideExponents| (((|Union| $ "failed") $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{divideExponents(p,n)} returns a new polynomial resulting from dividing all exponents of the polynomial \\spad{p} by the non negative integer \\spad{n},{} or \"failed\" if some exponent is not exactly divisible by \\spad{n}.")) (|multiplyExponents| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{multiplyExponents(p,n)} returns a new polynomial resulting from multiplying all exponents of the polynomial \\spad{p} by the non negative integer \\spad{n}.")) (|unmakeSUP| (($ (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|)) "\\spad{unmakeSUP(sup)} converts \\spad{sup} of type \\spadtype{SparseUnivariatePolynomial(R)} to be a member of the given type. Note: converse of makeSUP.")) (|makeSUP| (((|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| |#1|) $) "\\spad{makeSUP(p)} converts the polynomial \\spad{p} to be of type SparseUnivariatePolynomial over the same coefficients.")) (|vectorise| (((|Vector| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{vectorise(p, n)} returns \\spad{[a0,...,a(n-1)]} where \\spad{p = a0 + a1*x + ... + a(n-1)*x**(n-1)} + higher order terms. The degree of polynomial \\spad{p} can be different from \\spad{n-1}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|additiveValuation| |has| |#1| (|Field|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|))) NIL (|UnivariatePolynomialCategoryFunctions2| R PR S PS) ((|constructor| (NIL "Mapping from polynomials over \\spad{R} to polynomials over \\spad{S} given a map from \\spad{R} to \\spad{S} assumed to send zero to zero.")) (|map| ((|#4| (|Mapping| |#3| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{map(f, p)} takes a function \\spad{f} from \\spad{R} to \\spad{S},{} and applies it to each (non-zero) coefficient of a polynomial \\spad{p} over \\spad{R},{} getting a new polynomial over \\spad{S}. Note: since the map is not applied to zero elements,{} it may map zero to zero."))) @@ -4578,7 +4578,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #1=(|Symbol|)))) (|HasSignature| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #2=(|devaluate| |#2|) #3=(|devaluate| |#3|) #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (|HasSignature| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #2# #2# #3#))) (|HasSignature| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #2# (QUOTE #1#))))) (|UnivariatePowerSeriesCategory| |Coef| |Expon|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{UnivariatePowerSeriesCategory} is the most general univariate power series category with exponents in an ordered abelian monoid. Note: this category exports a substitution function if it is possible to multiply exponents. Note: this category exports a derivative operation if it is possible to multiply coefficients by exponents.")) (|eval| (((|Stream| |#1|) $ |#1|) "\\spad{eval(f,a)} evaluates a power series at a value in the ground ring by returning a stream of partial sums.")) (|extend| (($ $ |#2|) "\\spad{extend(f,n)} causes all terms of \\spad{f} of degree <= \\spad{n} to be computed.")) (|approximate| ((|#1| $ |#2|) "\\spad{approximate(f)} returns a truncated power series with the series variable viewed as an element of the coefficient domain.")) (|truncate| (($ $ |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{truncate(f,k1,k2)} returns a (finite) power series consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{d} with \\spad{k1 <= d <= k2}.") (($ $ |#2|) "\\spad{truncate(f,k)} returns a (finite) power series consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= k}.")) (|order| ((|#2| $ |#2|) "\\spad{order(f,n) = min(m,n)},{} where \\spad{m} is the degree of the lowest order non-zero term in \\spad{f}.") ((|#2| $) "\\spad{order(f)} is the degree of the lowest order non-zero term in \\spad{f}. This will result in an infinite loop if \\spad{f} has no non-zero terms.")) (|multiplyExponents| (($ $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{multiplyExponents(f,n)} multiplies all exponents of the power series \\spad{f} by the positive integer \\spad{n}.")) (|center| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{center(f)} returns the point about which the series \\spad{f} is expanded.")) (|variable| (((|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{variable(f)} returns the (unique) power series variable of the power series \\spad{f}.")) (|terms| (((|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| |#2|) (|:| |c| |#1|))) $) "\\spad{terms(f(x))} returns a stream of non-zero terms,{} where a a term is an exponent-coefficient pair. The terms in the stream are ordered by increasing order of exponents."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|UnivariatePolynomialSquareFree| RC P) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides for square-free decomposition of univariate polynomials over arbitrary rings,{} \\spadignore{i.e.} a partial factorization such that each factor is a product of irreducibles with multiplicity one and the factors are pairwise relatively prime. If the ring has characteristic zero,{} the result is guaranteed to satisfy this condition. If the ring is an infinite ring of finite characteristic,{} then it may not be possible to decide when polynomials contain factors which are \\spad{p}th powers. In this case,{} the flag associated with that polynomial is set to \"nil\" (meaning that that polynomials are not guaranteed to be square-free).")) (|BumInSepFFE| (((|Record| (|:| |flg| (|Union| #1="nil" #2="sqfr" #3="irred" #4="prime")) (|:| |fctr| |#2|) (|:| |xpnt| (|Integer|))) (|Record| (|:| |flg| (|Union| #1# #2# #3# #4#)) (|:| |fctr| |#2|) (|:| |xpnt| (|Integer|)))) "\\spad{BumInSepFFE(f)} is a local function,{} exported only because it has multiple conditional definitions.")) (|squareFreePart| ((|#2| |#2|) "\\spad{squareFreePart(p)} returns a polynomial which has the same irreducible factors as the univariate polynomial \\spad{p},{} but each factor has multiplicity one.")) (|squareFree| (((|Factored| |#2|) |#2|) "\\spad{squareFree(p)} computes the square-free factorization of the univariate polynomial \\spad{p}. Each factor has no repeated roots,{} and the factors are pairwise relatively prime.")) (|gcd| (($ $ $) "\\spad{gcd(p,q)} computes the greatest-common-divisor of \\spad{p} and \\spad{q}."))) @@ -4586,7 +4586,7 @@ NIL NIL (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Dense Puiseux series in one variable \\indented{2}{\\spadtype{UnivariatePuiseuxSeries} is a domain representing Puiseux} \\indented{2}{series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring.\\space{2}The} \\indented{2}{parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series} \\indented{2}{variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion.\\space{2}For example,{}} \\indented{2}{\\spad{UnivariatePuiseuxSeries(Integer,x,3)} represents Puiseux series in} \\indented{2}{\\spad{(x - 3)} with \\spadtype{Integer} coefficients.}")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #2=(|Fraction| #3=(|Integer|))))) #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #5=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #5# #4#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #6=(|Symbol|)))) #7=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #8=(|devaluate| |#1|) #9=(|%list| (QUOTE |Fraction|) (QUOTE #3#)) #8#)))) #7# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #10=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #5# #10# #4#) (OR #10# #4#) (AND #11=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #8# #8# #9#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #8# #12=(QUOTE #6#))))) #11# (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #3#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #8# #8# #12#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #12#) #8#)))))) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesFunctions2| |Coef1| |Coef2| |var1| |var2| |cen1| |cen2|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Mapping package for univariate Puiseux series. This package allows one to apply a function to the coefficients of a univariate Puiseux series.")) (|map| (((|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#4| |#6|) (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#1| |#3| |#5|)) "\\spad{map(f,g(x))} applies the map \\spad{f} to the coefficients of the Puiseux series \\spad{g(x)}."))) @@ -4594,7 +4594,7 @@ NIL NIL (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesCategory| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesCategory} is the category of Puiseux series in one variable.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),y)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{y}.") (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),var)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{var}.") (($ $) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 1. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by rational numbers.")) (|multiplyExponents| (($ $ (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) "\\spad{multiplyExponents(f,r)} multiplies all exponents of the power series \\spad{f} by the positive rational number \\spad{r}.")) (|series| (($ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) (|:| |c| |#1|)))) "\\spad{series(n,st)} creates a series from a common denomiator and a stream of non-zero terms,{} where a term is an exponent-coefficient pair. The terms in the stream should be ordered by increasing order of exponents and \\spad{n} should be a common denominator for the exponents in the stream of terms."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) NIL (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructorCategory&| S |Coef| ULS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is a category of univariate Puiseux series constructed from univariate Laurent series. A Puiseux series is represented by a pair \\spad{[r,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{r} is a positive rational number and \\spad{f(x)} is a Laurent series. This pair represents the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x^r)}.")) (|laurentIfCan| (((|Union| |#3| "failed") $) "\\spad{laurentIfCan(f(x))} converts the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)} to a Laurent series if possible. If this is not possible,{} \"failed\" is returned.")) (|laurent| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{laurent(f(x))} converts the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)} to a Laurent series if possible. Error: if this is not possible.")) (|degree| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{degree(f(x))} returns the degree of the leading term of the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)},{} which may have zero as a coefficient.")) (|laurentRep| ((|#3| $) "\\spad{laurentRep(f(x))} returns \\spad{g(x)} where the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x) = g(x^r)} is represented by \\spad{[r,g(x)]}.")) (|rationalPower| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rationalPower(f(x))} returns \\spad{r} where the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x) = g(x^r)}.")) (|puiseux| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) |#3|) "\\spad{puiseux(r,f(x))} returns \\spad{f(x^r)}."))) @@ -4602,15 +4602,15 @@ NIL NIL (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructorCategory| |Coef| ULS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is a category of univariate Puiseux series constructed from univariate Laurent series. A Puiseux series is represented by a pair \\spad{[r,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{r} is a positive rational number and \\spad{f(x)} is a Laurent series. This pair represents the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x^r)}.")) (|laurentIfCan| (((|Union| |#2| "failed") $) "\\spad{laurentIfCan(f(x))} converts the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)} to a Laurent series if possible. If this is not possible,{} \"failed\" is returned.")) (|laurent| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{laurent(f(x))} converts the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)} to a Laurent series if possible. Error: if this is not possible.")) (|degree| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{degree(f(x))} returns the degree of the leading term of the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x)},{} which may have zero as a coefficient.")) (|laurentRep| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{laurentRep(f(x))} returns \\spad{g(x)} where the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x) = g(x^r)} is represented by \\spad{[r,g(x)]}.")) (|rationalPower| (((|Fraction| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{rationalPower(f(x))} returns \\spad{r} where the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x) = g(x^r)}.")) (|puiseux| (($ (|Fraction| (|Integer|)) |#2|) "\\spad{puiseux(r,f(x))} returns \\spad{f(x^r)}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) NIL (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructor| |Coef| ULS) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package enables one to construct a univariate Puiseux series domain from a univariate Laurent series domain. Univariate Puiseux series are represented by a pair \\spad{[r,f(x)]},{} where \\spad{r} is a positive rational number and \\spad{f(x)} is a Laurent series. This pair represents the Puiseux series \\spad{f(x^r)}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| . #1=((|Field|))) (|canonicalsClosed| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (|Field|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) #2=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #2# #1#) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #3=(|Symbol|)))) #4=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #5=(|devaluate| |#1|) #6=(|%list| (QUOTE |Fraction|) (QUOTE #7=(|Integer|))) #5#)))) #4# (|HasCategory| #8=(|Fraction| #7#) (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) #9=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR #2# #9# #1#) (OR #9# #1#) (AND #10=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #5# #5# #6#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #5# #11=(QUOTE #3#))))) #10# (OR (AND #12=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| #8#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #7#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #12# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #5# #5# #11#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #11#) #5#))))) #12#) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity| R FE |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity is a domain used to represent functions with essential singularities. Objects in this domain are sums,{} where each term in the sum is a univariate Puiseux series times the exponential of a univariate Puiseux series. Thus,{} the elements of this domain are sums of expressions of the form \\spad{g(x) * exp(f(x))},{} where \\spad{g}(\\spad{x}) is a univariate Puiseux series and \\spad{f}(\\spad{x}) is a univariate Puiseux series with no terms of non-negative degree.")) (|dominantTerm| (((|Union| (|Record| (|:| |%term| (|Record| (|:| |%coef| (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|)) (|:| |%expon| (|ExponentialOfUnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|)) (|:| |%expTerms| (|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))) (|:| |c| |#2|)))))) (|:| |%type| (|String|))) "failed") $) "\\spad{dominantTerm(f(var))} returns the term that dominates the limiting behavior of \\spad{f(var)} as \\spad{var -> cen+} together with a \\spadtype{String} which briefly describes that behavior. The value of the \\spadtype{String} will be \\spad{\"zero\"} (resp. \\spad{\"infinity\"}) if the term tends to zero (resp. infinity) exponentially and will \\spad{\"series\"} if the term is a Puiseux series.")) (|limitPlus| (((|Union| (|OrderedCompletion| |#2|) "failed") $) "\\spad{limitPlus(f(var))} returns \\spad{limit(var -> cen+,f(var))}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| #1=(|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|) (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1# (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| #1=(|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|) (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| #1# (|IntegralDomain|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| #2=(|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| |#2| |#3| |#4|) (QUOTE (|Algebra| #3=(|Fraction| #4=(|Integer|))))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (OR #1# #5=(|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #3#)))) #5# (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|RetractableTo| #4#))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|GcdDomain|))) (|HasCategory| #2# (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|)))) (|UnaryRecursiveAggregate&| A S) ((|constructor| (NIL "A unary-recursive aggregate is a one where nodes may have either 0 or 1 children. This aggregate models,{} though not precisely,{} a linked list possibly with a single cycle. A node with one children models a non-empty list,{} with the \\spadfun{value} of the list designating the head,{} or \\spadfun{first},{} of the list,{} and the child designating the tail,{} or \\spadfun{rest},{} of the list. A node with no child then designates the empty list. Since these aggregates are recursive aggregates,{} they may be cyclic.")) (|split!| (($ $ (|Integer|)) "\\spad{split!(u,n)} splits \\spad{u} into two aggregates: \\axiom{\\spad{v} = rest(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{n})} and \\axiom{\\spad{w} = first(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{n})},{} returning \\axiom{\\spad{v}}. Note: afterwards \\axiom{rest(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{empty()}.")) (|setlast!| ((|#2| $ |#2|) "\\spad{setlast!(u,x)} destructively changes the last element of \\spad{u} to \\spad{x}.")) (|setrest!| (($ $ $) "\\spad{setrest!(u,v)} destructively changes the rest of \\spad{u} to \\spad{v}.")) (|setelt| ((|#2| $ "last" |#2|) "\\spad{setelt(u,\"last\",x)} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u}.last := \\spad{b}}) is equivalent to \\axiom{setlast!(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})}.") (($ $ "rest" $) "\\spad{setelt(u,\"rest\",v)} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u}.rest := \\spad{v}}) is equivalent to \\axiom{setrest!(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})}.") ((|#2| $ "first" |#2|) "\\spad{setelt(u,\"first\",x)} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u}.first := \\spad{x}}) is equivalent to \\axiom{setfirst!(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{x})}.")) (|setfirst!| ((|#2| $ |#2|) "\\spad{setfirst!(u,x)} destructively changes the first element of a to \\spad{x}.")) (|cycleSplit!| (($ $) "\\spad{cycleSplit!(u)} splits the aggregate by dropping off the cycle. The value returned is the cycle entry,{} or nil if none exists. For example,{} if \\axiom{\\spad{w} = concat(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})} is the cyclic list where \\spad{v} is the head of the cycle,{} \\axiom{cycleSplit!(\\spad{w})} will drop \\spad{v} off \\spad{w} thus destructively changing \\spad{w} to \\spad{u},{} and returning \\spad{v}.")) (|concat!| (($ $ |#2|) "\\spad{concat!(u,x)} destructively adds element \\spad{x} to the end of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{concat!(a,{}\\spad{x}) = setlast!(a,{}[\\spad{x}])}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{concat!(u,v)} destructively concatenates \\spad{v} to the end of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{concat!(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v}) = setlast!(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})}.")) (|cycleTail| (($ $) "\\spad{cycleTail(u)} returns the last node in the cycle,{} or empty if none exists.")) (|cycleLength| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{cycleLength(u)} returns the length of a top-level cycle contained in aggregate \\spad{u},{} or 0 is \\spad{u} has no such cycle.")) (|cycleEntry| (($ $) "\\spad{cycleEntry(u)} returns the head of a top-level cycle contained in aggregate \\spad{u},{} or \\axiom{empty()} if none exists.")) (|third| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{third(u)} returns the third element of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{third(\\spad{u}) = first(rest(rest(\\spad{u})))}.")) (|second| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{second(u)} returns the second element of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{second(\\spad{u}) = first(rest(\\spad{u}))}.")) (|tail| (($ $) "\\spad{tail(u)} returns the last node of \\spad{u}. Note: if \\spad{u} is \\axiom{shallowlyMutable},{} \\axiom{setrest(tail(\\spad{u}),{}\\spad{v}) = concat(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{v})}.")) (|last| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{last(u,n)} returns a copy of the last \\spad{n} (\\axiom{\\spad{n} >= 0}) nodes of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{last(\\spad{u},{}\\spad{n})} is a list of \\spad{n} elements.") ((|#2| $) "\\spad{last(u)} resturn the last element of \\spad{u}. Note: for lists,{} \\axiom{last(\\spad{u}) = \\spad{u} . (maxIndex \\spad{u}) = \\spad{u} . (\\# \\spad{u} - 1)}.")) (|rest| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{rest(u,n)} returns the \\axiom{\\spad{n}}th (\\spad{n} >= 0) node of \\spad{u}. Note: \\axiom{rest(\\spad{u},{}0) = \\spad{u}}.") (($ $) "\\spad{rest(u)} returns an aggregate consisting of all but the first element of \\spad{u} (equivalently,{} the next node of \\spad{u}).")) (|elt| ((|#2| $ "last") "\\spad{elt(u,\"last\")} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u} . last}) is equivalent to last \\spad{u}.") (($ $ "rest") "\\spad{elt(\\%,\"rest\")} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u}.rest}) is equivalent to \\axiom{rest \\spad{u}}.") ((|#2| $ "first") "\\spad{elt(u,\"first\")} (also written: \\axiom{\\spad{u} . first}) is equivalent to first \\spad{u}.")) (|first| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{first(u,n)} returns a copy of the first \\spad{n} (\\axiom{\\spad{n} >= 0}) elements of \\spad{u}.") ((|#2| $) "\\spad{first(u)} returns the first element of \\spad{u} (equivalently,{} the value at the current node).")) (|concat| (($ |#2| $) "\\spad{concat(x,u)} returns aggregate consisting of \\spad{x} followed by the elements of \\spad{u}. Note: if \\axiom{\\spad{v} = concat(\\spad{x},{}\\spad{u})} then \\axiom{\\spad{x} = first \\spad{v}} and \\axiom{\\spad{u} = rest \\spad{v}}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{concat(u,v)} returns an aggregate \\spad{w} consisting of the elements of \\spad{u} followed by the elements of \\spad{v}. Note: \\axiom{\\spad{v} = rest(\\spad{w},{}\\#a)}."))) @@ -4622,7 +4622,7 @@ NIL NIL (|UnivariateTaylorSeries| |Coef| |var| |cen|) ((|constructor| (NIL "Dense Taylor series in one variable \\spadtype{UnivariateTaylorSeries} is a domain representing Taylor series in one variable with coefficients in an arbitrary ring. The parameters of the type specify the coefficient ring,{} the power series variable,{} and the center of the power series expansion. For example,{} \\spadtype{UnivariateTaylorSeries}(Integer,{}\\spad{x},{}3) represents Taylor series in \\spad{(x - 3)} with \\spadtype{Integer} coefficients.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),x)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (|invmultisect| (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|) $) "\\spad{invmultisect(a,b,f(x))} substitutes \\spad{x^((a+b)*n)} \\indented{1}{for \\spad{x^n} and multiples by \\spad{x^b}.}")) (|multisect| (($ (|Integer|) (|Integer|) $) "\\spad{multisect(a,b,f(x))} selects the coefficients of \\indented{1}{\\spad{x^((a+b)*n+a)},{} and changes this monomial to \\spad{x^n}.}")) (|revert| (($ $) "\\spad{revert(f(x))} returns a Taylor series \\spad{g(x)} such that \\spad{f(g(x)) = g(f(x)) = x}. Series \\spad{f(x)} should have constant coefficient 0 and invertible 1st order coefficient.")) (|generalLambert| (($ $ (|Integer|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{generalLambert(f(x),a,d)} returns \\spad{f(x^a) + f(x^(a + d)) + \\indented{1}{f(x^(a + 2 d)) + ... }. \\spad{f(x)} should have zero constant} \\indented{1}{coefficient and \\spad{a} and \\spad{d} should be positive.}")) (|evenlambert| (($ $) "\\spad{evenlambert(f(x))} returns \\spad{f(x^2) + f(x^4) + f(x^6) + ...}. \\indented{1}{\\spad{f(x)} should have a zero constant coefficient.} \\indented{1}{This function is used for computing infinite products.} \\indented{1}{If \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series with constant term 1,{} then} \\indented{1}{\\spad{product(n=1..infinity,f(x^(2*n))) = exp(log(evenlambert(f(x))))}.}")) (|oddlambert| (($ $) "\\spad{oddlambert(f(x))} returns \\spad{f(x) + f(x^3) + f(x^5) + ...}. \\indented{1}{\\spad{f(x)} should have a zero constant coefficient.} \\indented{1}{This function is used for computing infinite products.} \\indented{1}{If \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series with constant term 1,{} then} \\indented{1}{\\spad{product(n=1..infinity,f(x^(2*n-1)))=exp(log(oddlambert(f(x))))}.}")) (|lambert| (($ $) "\\spad{lambert(f(x))} returns \\spad{f(x) + f(x^2) + f(x^3) + ...}. \\indented{1}{This function is used for computing infinite products.} \\indented{1}{\\spad{f(x)} should have zero constant coefficient.} \\indented{1}{If \\spad{f(x)} is a Taylor series with constant term 1,{} then} \\indented{1}{\\spad{product(n = 1..infinity,f(x^n)) = exp(log(lambert(f(x))))}.}")) (|lagrange| (($ $) "\\spad{lagrange(g(x))} produces the Taylor series for \\spad{f(x)} \\indented{1}{where \\spad{f(x)} is implicitly defined as \\spad{f(x) = x*g(f(x))}.}")) (|univariatePolynomial| (((|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{univariatePolynomial(f,k)} returns a univariate polynomial \\indented{1}{consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= k}.}")) (|coerce| (($ (|Variable| |#2|)) "\\spad{coerce(var)} converts the series variable \\spad{var} into a \\indented{1}{Taylor series.}") (($ (|UnivariatePolynomial| |#2| |#1|)) "\\spad{coerce(p)} converts a univariate polynomial \\spad{p} in the variable \\spad{var} to a univariate Taylor series in \\spad{var}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) (#1=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #2=(|Integer|))))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (OR #4=(|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) #3#) #4# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|))) (AND (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PartialDifferentialRing| #5=(|Symbol|)))) #6=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE *) (|%list| #7=(|devaluate| |#1|) #8=(QUOTE #9=(|NonNegativeInteger|)) #7#)))) #6# (|HasCategory| #9# (QUOTE (|SemiGroup|))) (AND #10=(|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE **) (|%list| #7# #7# #8#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |coerce|) (|%list| #7# #11=(QUOTE #5#))))) #10# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (OR (AND #1# (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|)))) (AND #1# (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #7# #7# #11#))) (|HasSignature| |#1| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #11#) #7#)))))) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesFunctions2| |Coef1| |Coef2| UTS1 UTS2) ((|constructor| (NIL "Mapping package for univariate Taylor series. \\indented{2}{This package allows one to apply a function to the coefficients of} \\indented{2}{a univariate Taylor series.}")) (|map| ((|#4| (|Mapping| |#2| |#1|) |#3|) "\\spad{map(f,g(x))} applies the map \\spad{f} to the coefficients of \\indented{1}{the Taylor series \\spad{g(x)}.}"))) @@ -4634,7 +4634,7 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| #1=(|Integer|)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory|))) (|HasSignature| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |variables|) (|%list| (|%list| (QUOTE |List|) #2=(QUOTE (|Symbol|))) #3=(|devaluate| |#2|)))) (|HasSignature| |#2| (|%list| (QUOTE |integrate|) (|%list| #3# #3# #2#))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Algebra| (|Fraction| #1#)))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesCategory| |Coef|) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\spadtype{UnivariateTaylorSeriesCategory} is the category of Taylor series in one variable.")) (|integrate| (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),y)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{y}.") (($ $ (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{integrate(f(x),y)} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with respect to the variable \\spad{y}.") (($ $) "\\spad{integrate(f(x))} returns an anti-derivative of the power series \\spad{f(x)} with constant coefficient 0. We may integrate a series when we can divide coefficients by integers.")) (** (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{f(x) ** a} computes a power of a power series. When the coefficient ring is a field,{} we may raise a series to an exponent from the coefficient ring provided that the constant coefficient of the series is 1.")) (|polynomial| (((|Polynomial| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{polynomial(f,k1,k2)} returns a polynomial consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{d} with \\spad{k1 <= d <= k2}.") (((|Polynomial| |#1|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{polynomial(f,k)} returns a polynomial consisting of the sum of all terms of \\spad{f} of degree \\spad{<= k}.")) (|multiplyCoefficients| (($ (|Mapping| |#1| (|Integer|)) $) "\\spad{multiplyCoefficients(f,sum(n = 0..infinity,a[n] * x**n))} returns \\spad{sum(n = 0..infinity,f(n) * a[n] * x**n)}. This function is used when Laurent series are represented by a Taylor series and an order.")) (|quoByVar| (($ $) "\\spad{quoByVar(a0 + a1 x + a2 x**2 + ...)} returns \\spad{a1 + a2 x + a3 x**2 + ...} Thus,{} this function substracts the constant term and divides by the series variable. This function is used when Laurent series are represented by a Taylor series and an order.")) (|coefficients| (((|Stream| |#1|) $) "\\spad{coefficients(a0 + a1 x + a2 x**2 + ...)} returns a stream of coefficients: \\spad{[a0,a1,a2,...]}. The entries of the stream may be zero.")) (|series| (($ (|Stream| |#1|)) "\\spad{series([a0,a1,a2,...])} is the Taylor series \\spad{a0 + a1 x + a2 x**2 + ...}.") (($ (|Stream| (|Record| (|:| |k| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) (|:| |c| |#1|)))) "\\spad{series(st)} creates a series from a stream of non-zero terms,{} where a term is an exponent-coefficient pair. The terms in the stream should be ordered by increasing order of exponents."))) -(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|)) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") |has| |#1| (|CommutativeRing|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (|IntegralDomain|))) NIL (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesODESolver| |Coef| UTS) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{1}{This package provides Taylor series solutions to regular} linear or non-linear ordinary differential equations of arbitrary order.")) (|mpsode| (((|List| |#2|) (|List| |#1|) (|List| (|Mapping| |#2| (|List| |#2|)))) "\\spad{mpsode(r,f)} solves the system of differential equations \\spad{dy[i]/dx =f[i] [x,y[1],y[2],...,y[n]]},{} \\spad{y[i](a) = r[i]} for \\spad{i} in 1..\\spad{n}.")) (|ode| ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| (|List| |#2|)) (|List| |#1|)) "\\spad{ode(f,cl)} is the solution to \\spad{y<n>=f(y,y',..,y<n-1>)} such that \\spad{y<i>(a) = cl.i} for \\spad{i} in 1..\\spad{n}.")) (|ode2| ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| |#2| |#2|) |#1| |#1|) "\\spad{ode2(f,c0,c1)} is the solution to \\spad{y'' = f(y,y')} such that \\spad{y(a) = c0} and \\spad{y'(a) = c1}.")) (|ode1| ((|#2| (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|) |#1|) "\\spad{ode1(f,c)} is the solution to \\spad{y' = f(y)} such that \\spad{y(a) = c}.")) (|fixedPointExquo| ((|#2| |#2| |#2|) "\\spad{fixedPointExquo(f,g)} computes the exact quotient of \\spad{f} and \\spad{g} using a fixed point computation.")) (|stFuncN| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| |#1|) (|List| (|Stream| |#1|))) (|Mapping| |#2| (|List| |#2|))) "\\spad{stFuncN(f)} is a local function xported due to compiler problem. This function is of no interest to the top-level user.")) (|stFunc2| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| |#1|) (|Stream| |#1|) (|Stream| |#1|)) (|Mapping| |#2| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{stFunc2(f)} is a local function exported due to compiler problem. This function is of no interest to the top-level user.")) (|stFunc1| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| |#1|) (|Stream| |#1|)) (|Mapping| |#2| |#2|)) "\\spad{stFunc1(f)} is a local function exported due to compiler problem. This function is of no interest to the top-level user."))) @@ -4649,7 +4649,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|Variable| |sym|) -((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements variables")) (|variable| (((|Symbol|)) "\\spad{variable()} returns the symbol")) (|coerce| (((|Symbol|) $) "\\spad{coerce(x)} returns the symbol"))) +((|constructor| (NIL "This domain implements variables")) (|variable| (((|Symbol|)) "\\spad{variable()} returns the symbol"))) NIL NIL (|VectorCategory&| S R) @@ -4673,7 +4673,7 @@ NIL NIL NIL (|TwoDimensionalViewport|) -((|constructor| (NIL "TwoDimensionalViewport creates viewports to display graphs.")) (|coerce| (((|OutputForm|) $) "\\spad{coerce(v)} returns the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} as output of the domain \\spadtype{OutputForm}.")) (|key| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{key(v)} returns the process ID number of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|reset| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{reset(v)} sets the current state of the graph characteristics of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} back to their initial settings.")) (|write| (((|String|) $ (|String|) (|List| (|String|))) "\\spad{write(v,s,lf)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v} and the optional file types indicated by the list \\spad{lf}.") (((|String|) $ (|String|) (|String|)) "\\spad{write(v,s,f)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v} and an optional file type \\spad{f}.") (((|String|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{write(v,s)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v}.")) (|resize| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{resize(v,w,h)} displays the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with a width of \\spad{w} and a height of \\spad{h},{} keeping the upper left-hand corner position unchanged.")) (|update| (((|Void|) $ (|GraphImage|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{update(v,gr,n)} drops the graph \\spad{gr} in slot \\spad{n} of viewport \\spad{v}. The graph \\spad{gr} must have been transmitted already and acquired an integer key.")) (|move| (((|Void|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{move(v,x,y)} displays the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the upper left-hand corner of the viewport window at the screen coordinate position \\spad{x},{} \\spad{y}.")) (|show| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{show(v,n,s)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the graph if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|translate| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Float|) (|Float|)) "\\spad{translate(v,n,dx,dy)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} translated by \\spad{dx} in the \\spad{x}-coordinate direction from the center of the viewport,{} and by \\spad{dy} in the \\spad{y}-coordinate direction from the center. Setting \\spad{dx} and \\spad{dy} to \\spad{0} places the center of the graph at the center of the viewport.")) (|scale| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Float|) (|Float|)) "\\spad{scale(v,n,sx,sy)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} scaled by the factor \\spad{sx} in the \\spad{x}-coordinate direction and by the factor \\spad{sy} in the \\spad{y}-coordinate direction.")) (|dimensions| (((|Void|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{dimensions(v,x,y,width,height)} sets the position of the upper left-hand corner of the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to the window coordinate \\spad{x},{} \\spad{y},{} and sets the dimensions of the window to that of \\spad{width},{} \\spad{height}. The new dimensions are not displayed until the function \\spadfun{makeViewport2D} is executed again for \\spad{v}.")) (|close| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{close(v)} closes the viewport window of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and terminates the corresponding process ID.")) (|controlPanel| (((|Void|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{controlPanel(v,s)} displays the control panel of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or hides the control panel if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|connect| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{connect(v,n,s)} displays the lines connecting the graph points in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the lines if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|region| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{region(v,n,s)} displays the bounding box of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the bounding box if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|points| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{points(v,n,s)} displays the points of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the points if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|units| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{units(v,n,c)} displays the units of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the units color set to the given palette color \\spad{c}.") (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{units(v,n,s)} displays the units of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the units if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|axes| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{axes(v,n,c)} displays the axes of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the axes color set to the given palette color \\spad{c}.") (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{axes(v,n,s)} displays the axes of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the axes if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|getGraph| (((|GraphImage|) $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{getGraph(v,n)} returns the graph which is of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is located in graph field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|putGraph| (((|Void|) $ (|GraphImage|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{putGraph(v,gi,n)} sets the graph field indicated by \\spad{n},{} of the indicated two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to be the graph,{} \\spad{gi} of domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}. The contents of viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} will contain \\spad{gi} when the function \\spadfun{makeViewport2D} is called to create the an updated viewport \\spad{v}.")) (|title| (((|Void|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{title(v,s)} changes the title which is shown in the two-dimensional viewport window,{} \\spad{v} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|graphs| (((|Vector| (|Union| (|GraphImage|) "undefined")) $) "\\spad{graphs(v)} returns a vector,{} or list,{} which is a union of all the graphs,{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} which are allocated for the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}. Those graphs which have no data are labeled \"undefined\",{} otherwise their contents are shown.")) (|graphStates| (((|Vector| (|Record| (|:| |scaleX| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |scaleY| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |deltaX| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |deltaY| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |points| (|Integer|)) (|:| |connect| (|Integer|)) (|:| |spline| (|Integer|)) (|:| |axes| (|Integer|)) (|:| |axesColor| (|Palette|)) (|:| |units| (|Integer|)) (|:| |unitsColor| (|Palette|)) (|:| |showing| (|Integer|)))) $) "\\spad{graphStates(v)} returns and shows a listing of a record containing the current state of the characteristics of each of the ten graph records in the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|graphState| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Palette|) (|Integer|) (|Palette|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{graphState(v,num,sX,sY,dX,dY,pts,lns,box,axes,axesC,un,unC,cP)} sets the state of the characteristics for the graph indicated by \\spad{num} in the given two-dimensional viewport \\spad{v},{} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to the values given as parameters. The scaling of the graph in the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} component directions is set to be \\spad{sX} and \\spad{sY}; the window translation in the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} component directions is set to be \\spad{dX} and \\spad{dY}; The graph points,{} lines,{} bounding \\spad{box},{} \\spad{axes},{} or units will be shown in the viewport if their given parameters \\spad{pts},{} \\spad{lns},{} \\spad{box},{} \\spad{axes} or \\spad{un} are set to be \\spad{1},{} but will not be shown if they are set to \\spad{0}. The color of the \\spad{axes} and the color of the units are indicated by the palette colors \\spad{axesC} and \\spad{unC} respectively. To display the control panel when the viewport window is displayed,{} set \\spad{cP} to \\spad{1},{} otherwise set it to \\spad{0}.")) (|options| (($ $ (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{options(v,lopt)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and returns \\spad{v} with it's draw options modified to be those which are indicated in the given list,{} \\spad{lopt} of domain \\spadtype{DrawOption}.") (((|List| (|DrawOption|)) $) "\\spad{options(v)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and returns a list containing the draw options from the domain \\spadtype{DrawOption} for \\spad{v}.")) (|makeViewport2D| (($ (|GraphImage|) (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{makeViewport2D(gi,lopt)} creates and displays a viewport window of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} whose graph field is assigned to be the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} and whose options field is set to be the list of options,{} \\spad{lopt} of domain \\spadtype{DrawOption}.") (($ $) "\\spad{makeViewport2D(v)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and displays a viewport window on the screen which contains the contents of \\spad{v}.")) (|viewport2D| (($) "\\spad{viewport2D()} returns an undefined two-dimensional viewport of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} whose contents are empty.")) (|getPickedPoints| (((|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) $) "\\spad{getPickedPoints(x)} returns a list of small floats for the points the user interactively picked on the viewport for full integration into the system,{} some design issues need to be addressed: \\spadignore{e.g.} how to go through the GraphImage interface,{} how to default to graphs,{} etc."))) +((|constructor| (NIL "TwoDimensionalViewport creates viewports to display graphs.")) (|key| (((|Integer|) $) "\\spad{key(v)} returns the process ID number of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|reset| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{reset(v)} sets the current state of the graph characteristics of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} back to their initial settings.")) (|write| (((|String|) $ (|String|) (|List| (|String|))) "\\spad{write(v,s,lf)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v} and the optional file types indicated by the list \\spad{lf}.") (((|String|) $ (|String|) (|String|)) "\\spad{write(v,s,f)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v} and an optional file type \\spad{f}.") (((|String|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{write(v,s)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and creates a directory indicated by \\spad{s},{} which contains the graph data files for \\spad{v}.")) (|resize| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{resize(v,w,h)} displays the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with a width of \\spad{w} and a height of \\spad{h},{} keeping the upper left-hand corner position unchanged.")) (|update| (((|Void|) $ (|GraphImage|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{update(v,gr,n)} drops the graph \\spad{gr} in slot \\spad{n} of viewport \\spad{v}. The graph \\spad{gr} must have been transmitted already and acquired an integer key.")) (|move| (((|Void|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{move(v,x,y)} displays the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the upper left-hand corner of the viewport window at the screen coordinate position \\spad{x},{} \\spad{y}.")) (|show| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{show(v,n,s)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the graph if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|translate| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Float|) (|Float|)) "\\spad{translate(v,n,dx,dy)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} translated by \\spad{dx} in the \\spad{x}-coordinate direction from the center of the viewport,{} and by \\spad{dy} in the \\spad{y}-coordinate direction from the center. Setting \\spad{dx} and \\spad{dy} to \\spad{0} places the center of the graph at the center of the viewport.")) (|scale| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Float|) (|Float|)) "\\spad{scale(v,n,sx,sy)} displays the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} scaled by the factor \\spad{sx} in the \\spad{x}-coordinate direction and by the factor \\spad{sy} in the \\spad{y}-coordinate direction.")) (|dimensions| (((|Void|) $ (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{dimensions(v,x,y,width,height)} sets the position of the upper left-hand corner of the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to the window coordinate \\spad{x},{} \\spad{y},{} and sets the dimensions of the window to that of \\spad{width},{} \\spad{height}. The new dimensions are not displayed until the function \\spadfun{makeViewport2D} is executed again for \\spad{v}.")) (|close| (((|Void|) $) "\\spad{close(v)} closes the viewport window of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} and terminates the corresponding process ID.")) (|controlPanel| (((|Void|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{controlPanel(v,s)} displays the control panel of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or hides the control panel if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|connect| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{connect(v,n,s)} displays the lines connecting the graph points in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the lines if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|region| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{region(v,n,s)} displays the bounding box of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the bounding box if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|points| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{points(v,n,s)} displays the points of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the points if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|units| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{units(v,n,c)} displays the units of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the units color set to the given palette color \\spad{c}.") (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{units(v,n,s)} displays the units of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the units if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|axes| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|Palette|)) "\\spad{axes(v,n,c)} displays the axes of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} with the axes color set to the given palette color \\spad{c}.") (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|String|)) "\\spad{axes(v,n,s)} displays the axes of the graph in field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} if \\spad{s} is \"on\",{} or does not display the axes if \\spad{s} is \"off\".")) (|getGraph| (((|GraphImage|) $ (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{getGraph(v,n)} returns the graph which is of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage} which is located in graph field \\spad{n} of the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|putGraph| (((|Void|) $ (|GraphImage|) (|PositiveInteger|)) "\\spad{putGraph(v,gi,n)} sets the graph field indicated by \\spad{n},{} of the indicated two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to be the graph,{} \\spad{gi} of domain \\spadtype{GraphImage}. The contents of viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} will contain \\spad{gi} when the function \\spadfun{makeViewport2D} is called to create the an updated viewport \\spad{v}.")) (|title| (((|Void|) $ (|String|)) "\\spad{title(v,s)} changes the title which is shown in the two-dimensional viewport window,{} \\spad{v} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|graphs| (((|Vector| (|Union| (|GraphImage|) "undefined")) $) "\\spad{graphs(v)} returns a vector,{} or list,{} which is a union of all the graphs,{} of the domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} which are allocated for the two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}. Those graphs which have no data are labeled \"undefined\",{} otherwise their contents are shown.")) (|graphStates| (((|Vector| (|Record| (|:| |scaleX| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |scaleY| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |deltaX| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |deltaY| (|DoubleFloat|)) (|:| |points| (|Integer|)) (|:| |connect| (|Integer|)) (|:| |spline| (|Integer|)) (|:| |axes| (|Integer|)) (|:| |axesColor| (|Palette|)) (|:| |units| (|Integer|)) (|:| |unitsColor| (|Palette|)) (|:| |showing| (|Integer|)))) $) "\\spad{graphStates(v)} returns and shows a listing of a record containing the current state of the characteristics of each of the ten graph records in the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} which is of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport}.")) (|graphState| (((|Void|) $ (|PositiveInteger|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|DoubleFloat|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Integer|) (|Palette|) (|Integer|) (|Palette|) (|Integer|)) "\\spad{graphState(v,num,sX,sY,dX,dY,pts,lns,box,axes,axesC,un,unC,cP)} sets the state of the characteristics for the graph indicated by \\spad{num} in the given two-dimensional viewport \\spad{v},{} of domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport},{} to the values given as parameters. The scaling of the graph in the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} component directions is set to be \\spad{sX} and \\spad{sY}; the window translation in the \\spad{x} and \\spad{y} component directions is set to be \\spad{dX} and \\spad{dY}; The graph points,{} lines,{} bounding \\spad{box},{} \\spad{axes},{} or units will be shown in the viewport if their given parameters \\spad{pts},{} \\spad{lns},{} \\spad{box},{} \\spad{axes} or \\spad{un} are set to be \\spad{1},{} but will not be shown if they are set to \\spad{0}. The color of the \\spad{axes} and the color of the units are indicated by the palette colors \\spad{axesC} and \\spad{unC} respectively. To display the control panel when the viewport window is displayed,{} set \\spad{cP} to \\spad{1},{} otherwise set it to \\spad{0}.")) (|options| (($ $ (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{options(v,lopt)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and returns \\spad{v} with it's draw options modified to be those which are indicated in the given list,{} \\spad{lopt} of domain \\spadtype{DrawOption}.") (((|List| (|DrawOption|)) $) "\\spad{options(v)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and returns a list containing the draw options from the domain \\spadtype{DrawOption} for \\spad{v}.")) (|makeViewport2D| (($ (|GraphImage|) (|List| (|DrawOption|))) "\\spad{makeViewport2D(gi,lopt)} creates and displays a viewport window of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} whose graph field is assigned to be the given graph,{} \\spad{gi},{} of domain \\spadtype{GraphImage},{} and whose options field is set to be the list of options,{} \\spad{lopt} of domain \\spadtype{DrawOption}.") (($ $) "\\spad{makeViewport2D(v)} takes the given two-dimensional viewport,{} \\spad{v},{} of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} and displays a viewport window on the screen which contains the contents of \\spad{v}.")) (|viewport2D| (($) "\\spad{viewport2D()} returns an undefined two-dimensional viewport of the domain \\spadtype{TwoDimensionalViewport} whose contents are empty.")) (|getPickedPoints| (((|List| (|Point| (|DoubleFloat|))) $) "\\spad{getPickedPoints(x)} returns a list of small floats for the points the user interactively picked on the viewport for full integration into the system,{} some design issues need to be addressed: \\spadignore{e.g.} how to go through the GraphImage interface,{} how to default to graphs,{} etc."))) NIL NIL (|ThreeDimensionalViewport|) @@ -4694,7 +4694,7 @@ NIL NIL (|VectorSpace| S) ((|constructor| (NIL "Vector Spaces (not necessarily finite dimensional) over a field.")) (|dimension| (((|CardinalNumber|)) "\\spad{dimension()} returns the dimensionality of the vector space.")) (/ (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{x/y} divides the vector \\spad{x} by the scalar \\spad{y}."))) -((|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +NIL NIL (|WeierstrassPreparation| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package implements the Weierstrass preparation theorem \\spad{f} or multivariate power series. weierstrass(\\spad{v},{}\\spad{p}) where \\spad{v} is a variable,{} and \\spad{p} is a TaylorSeries(\\spad{R}) in which the terms of lowest degree \\spad{s} must include c*v**s where \\spad{c} is a constant,{}\\spad{s>0},{} is a list of TaylorSeries coefficients A[\\spad{i}] of the equivalent polynomial A = A[0] + A[1]*v + A[2]\\spad{*v**2} + ... + A[\\spad{s}-1]*v**(\\spad{s}-1) + v**s such that p=A*B ,{} \\spad{B} being a TaylorSeries of minimum degree 0")) (|qqq| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| (|TaylorSeries| |#1|)) (|Stream| (|TaylorSeries| |#1|))) (|NonNegativeInteger|) (|TaylorSeries| |#1|) (|Stream| (|TaylorSeries| |#1|))) "\\spad{qqq(n,s,st)} is used internally.")) (|weierstrass| (((|List| (|TaylorSeries| |#1|)) (|Symbol|) (|TaylorSeries| |#1|)) "\\spad{weierstrass(v,ts)} where \\spad{v} is a variable and \\spad{ts} is \\indented{1}{a TaylorSeries,{} impements the Weierstrass Preparation} \\indented{1}{Theorem. The result is a list of TaylorSeries that} \\indented{1}{are the coefficients of the equivalent series.}")) (|clikeUniv| (((|Mapping| (|SparseUnivariatePolynomial| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Symbol|)) "\\spad{clikeUniv(v)} is used internally.")) (|sts2stst| (((|Stream| (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) (|Symbol|) (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) "\\spad{sts2stst(v,s)} is used internally.")) (|cfirst| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{cfirst n} is used internally.")) (|crest| (((|Mapping| (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|)) (|Stream| (|Polynomial| |#1|))) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{crest n} is used internally."))) @@ -4714,7 +4714,7 @@ NIL NIL (|WeightedPolynomials| R |VarSet| E P |vl| |wl| |wtlevel|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents truncated weighted polynomials over a general (not necessarily commutative) polynomial type. The variables must be specified,{} as must the weights. The representation is sparse in the sense that only non-zero terms are represented.")) (|changeWeightLevel| (((|Void|) (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{changeWeightLevel(n)} changes the weight level to the new value given: NB: previously calculated terms are not affected")) (/ (((|Union| $ "failed") $ $) "\\spad{x/y} division (only works if minimum weight of divisor is zero,{} and if \\spad{R} is a Field)"))) -((|leftUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1=((|CommutativeRing|))) (|rightUnitary| |has| |#1| . #1#) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|)))) (|WuWenTsunTriangularSet| R E V P) ((|constructor| (NIL "A domain constructor of the category \\axiomType{GeneralTriangularSet}. The only requirement for a list of polynomials to be a member of such a domain is the following: no polynomial is constant and two distinct polynomials have distinct main variables. Such a triangular set may not be auto-reduced or consistent. The \\axiomOpFrom{construct}{WuWenTsunTriangularSet} operation does not check the previous requirement. Triangular sets are stored as sorted lists \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t}. the main variables of their members. Furthermore,{} this domain exports operations dealing with the characteristic set method of Wu Wen Tsun and some optimizations mainly proposed by Dong Ming Wang.\\newline References : \\indented{1}{[1] \\spad{W}. \\spad{T}. WU \"A Zero Structure Theorem for polynomial equations solving\"} \\indented{6}{MM Research Preprints,{} 1987.} \\indented{1}{[2] \\spad{D}. \\spad{M}. WANG \"An implementation of the characteristic set method in Maple\"} \\indented{6}{Proc. \\spad{DISCO'92}. Bath,{} England.}")) (|characteristicSerie| (((|List| $) (|List| |#4|)) "\\axiom{characteristicSerie(ps)} returns the same as \\axiom{characteristicSerie(ps,{}initiallyReduced?,{}initiallyReduce)}.") (((|List| $) (|List| |#4|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#4| |#4|) (|Mapping| |#4| |#4| |#4|)) "\\axiom{characteristicSerie(ps,{}redOp?,{}redOp)} returns a list \\axiom{lts} of triangular sets such that the zero set of \\axiom{ps} is the union of the regular zero sets of the members of \\axiom{lts}. This is made by the Ritt and Wu Wen Tsun process applying the operation \\axiom{characteristicSet(ps,{}redOp?,{}redOp)} to compute characteristic sets in Wu Wen Tsun sense.")) (|characteristicSet| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|List| |#4|)) "\\axiom{characteristicSet(ps)} returns the same as \\axiom{characteristicSet(ps,{}initiallyReduced?,{}initiallyReduce)}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|List| |#4|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#4| |#4|) (|Mapping| |#4| |#4| |#4|)) "\\axiom{characteristicSet(ps,{}redOp?,{}redOp)} returns a non-contradictory characteristic set of \\axiom{ps} in Wu Wen Tsun sense \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} the reduction-test \\axiom{redOp?} (using \\axiom{redOp} to reduce polynomials \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} a \\axiom{redOp?} basic set),{} if no non-zero constant polynomial appear during those reductions,{} else \\axiom{\"failed\"} is returned. The operations \\axiom{redOp} and \\axiom{redOp?} must satisfy the following conditions: \\axiom{redOp?(redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q}),{}\\spad{q})} holds for every polynomials \\axiom{\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q}} and there exists an integer \\axiom{\\spad{e}} and a polynomial \\axiom{\\spad{f}} such that we have \\axiom{init(\\spad{q})^e*p = f*q + redOp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{q})}.")) (|medialSet| (((|Union| $ "failed") (|List| |#4|)) "\\axiom{medial(ps)} returns the same as \\axiom{medialSet(ps,{}initiallyReduced?,{}initiallyReduce)}.") (((|Union| $ "failed") (|List| |#4|) (|Mapping| (|Boolean|) |#4| |#4|) (|Mapping| |#4| |#4| |#4|)) "\\axiom{medialSet(ps,{}redOp?,{}redOp)} returns \\axiom{bs} a basic set (in Wu Wen Tsun sense \\spad{w}.\\spad{r}.\\spad{t} the reduction-test \\axiom{redOp?}) of some set generating the same ideal as \\axiom{ps} (with rank not higher than any basic set of \\axiom{ps}),{} if no non-zero constant polynomials appear during the computatioms,{} else \\axiom{\"failed\"} is returned. In the former case,{} \\axiom{bs} has to be understood as a candidate for being a characteristic set of \\axiom{ps}. In the original algorithm,{} \\axiom{bs} is simply a basic set of \\axiom{ps}."))) @@ -4722,11 +4722,11 @@ NIL ((AND #1=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|SetCategory|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (|%list| (QUOTE |Evalable|) #2=(|devaluate| |#4|)))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|ConvertibleTo| (|InputForm|)))) #3=(|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|BasicType|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|IntegralDomain|))) (|HasCategory| |#3| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#4| (QUOTE (|CoercibleTo| (|OutputForm|)))) #1# (AND #3# #4=(|HasCategory| $ (|%list| (QUOTE |FiniteAggregate|) #2#))) #4#) (|XAlgebra| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This is the category of algebras over non-commutative rings. It is used by constructors of non-commutative algebras such as: \\indented{4}{\\spadtype{XPolynomialRing}.} \\indented{4}{\\spadtype{XFreeAlgebra}} Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr)"))) -((|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +NIL NIL (|XDistributedPolynomial| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports distributed multivariate polynomials} whose variables do not commute. The coefficient ring may be non-commutative too. However,{} coefficients and variables commute."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) (|XExponentialPackage| R |VarSet| XPOLY) ((|constructor| (NIL "This package provides computations of logarithms and exponentials for polynomials in non-commutative variables. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|Hausdorff| ((|#3| |#3| |#3| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{Hausdorff(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns log(exp(a)*exp(\\spad{b})) truncated at order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|log| ((|#3| |#3| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{log(\\spad{p},{} \\spad{n})} returns the logarithm of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} truncated at order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}.")) (|exp| ((|#3| |#3| (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{exp(\\spad{p},{} \\spad{n})} returns the exponential of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} truncated at order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}."))) @@ -4738,31 +4738,31 @@ NIL ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Finite|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicNonZero|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CharacteristicZero|)))) (|ExtensionField| F) ((|constructor| (NIL "ExtensionField {\\em F} is the category of fields which extend the field \\spad{F}")) (|Frobenius| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{Frobenius(a,s)} returns \\spad{a**(q**s)} where \\spad{q} is the size()\\$\\spad{F}.") (($ $) "\\spad{Frobenius(a)} returns \\spad{a ** q} where \\spad{q} is the \\spad{size()\\$F}.")) (|transcendenceDegree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{transcendenceDegree()} returns the transcendence degree of the field extension,{} 0 if the extension is algebraic.")) (|extensionDegree| (((|OnePointCompletion| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{extensionDegree()} returns the degree of the field extension if the extension is algebraic,{} and \\spad{infinity} if it is not.")) (|degree| (((|OnePointCompletion| (|PositiveInteger|)) $) "\\spad{degree(a)} returns the degree of minimal polynomial of an element \\spad{a} if \\spad{a} is algebraic with respect to the ground field \\spad{F},{} and \\spad{infinity} otherwise.")) (|inGroundField?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{inGroundField?(a)} tests whether an element \\spad{a} is already in the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|transcendent?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{transcendent?(a)} tests whether an element \\spad{a} is transcendent with respect to the ground field \\spad{F}.")) (|algebraic?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{algebraic?(a)} tests whether an element \\spad{a} is algebraic with respect to the ground field \\spad{F}."))) -((|canonicalsClosed| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| . T) (|noZeroDivisors| . T) ((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL (|XFreeAlgebra| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "This category specifies opeations for polynomials and formal series with non-commutative variables.")) (|varList| (((|List| |#1|) $) "\\spad{varList(x)} returns the list of variables which appear in \\spad{x}.")) (|sh| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{sh(x,n)} returns the shuffle power of \\spad{x} to the \\spad{n}.") (($ $ $) "\\spad{sh(x,y)} returns the shuffle-product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y}. This multiplication is associative and commutative.")) (|quasiRegular| (($ $) "\\spad{quasiRegular(x)} return \\spad{x} minus its constant term.")) (|quasiRegular?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{quasiRegular?(x)} return \\spad{true} if \\spad{constant(x)} is zero.")) (|constant| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{constant(x)} returns the constant term of \\spad{x}.")) (|constant?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{constant?(x)} returns \\spad{true} if \\spad{x} is constant.")) (|coerce| (($ |#1|) "\\spad{coerce(v)} returns \\spad{v}.")) (|mirror| (($ $) "\\spad{mirror(x)} returns \\spad{Sum(r_i mirror(w_i))} if \\spad{x} writes \\spad{Sum(r_i w_i)}.")) (|monomial?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{monomial?(x)} returns \\spad{true} if \\spad{x} is a monomial")) (|monom| (($ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) |#2|) "\\spad{monom(w,r)} returns the product of the word \\spad{w} by the coefficient \\spad{r}.")) (|rquo| (($ $ $) "\\spad{rquo(x,y)} returns the right simplification of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y}.") (($ $ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\spad{rquo(x,w)} returns the right simplification of \\spad{x} by \\spad{w}.") (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{rquo(x,v)} returns the right simplification of \\spad{x} by the variable \\spad{v}.")) (|lquo| (($ $ $) "\\spad{lquo(x,y)} returns the left simplification of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y}.") (($ $ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\spad{lquo(x,w)} returns the left simplification of \\spad{x} by the word \\spad{w}.") (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{lquo(x,v)} returns the left simplification of \\spad{x} by the variable \\spad{v}.")) (|coef| ((|#2| $ $) "\\spad{coef(x,y)} returns scalar product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{y},{} the set of words being regarded as an orthogonal basis.") ((|#2| $ (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) "\\spad{coef(x,w)} returns the coefficient of the word \\spad{w} in \\spad{x}.")) (|mindegTerm| (((|Record| (|:| |k| (|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|)) (|:| |c| |#2|)) $) "\\spad{mindegTerm(x)} returns the term whose word is \\spad{mindeg(x)}.")) (|mindeg| (((|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) $) "\\spad{mindeg(x)} returns the little word which appears in \\spad{x}. Error if \\spad{x=0}.")) (* (($ $ |#2|) "\\spad{x * r} returns the product of \\spad{x} by \\spad{r}. Usefull if \\spad{R} is a non-commutative Ring.") (($ |#1| $) "\\spad{v * x} returns the product of a variable \\spad{x} by \\spad{x}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) NIL (|XPBWPolynomial| |VarSet| R) -((|constructor| (NIL "This domain constructor implements polynomials in non-commutative variables written in the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt basis from the Lyndon basis. These polynomials can be used to compute Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff relations. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|log| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{log(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the logarithm of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|exp| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{exp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the exponential of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|product| (($ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{product(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{a*b} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|LiePolyIfCan| (((|Union| (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) "failed") $) "\\axiom{LiePolyIfCan(\\spad{p})} return \\axiom{\\spad{p}} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is a Lie polynomial.")) (|coerce| (((|XRecursivePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as a recursive polynomial.") (((|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}} as a distributed polynomial.") (($ (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|constructor| (NIL "This domain constructor implements polynomials in non-commutative variables written in the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt basis from the Lyndon basis. These polynomials can be used to compute Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff relations. \\newline Author: Michel Petitot (petitot@lifl.fr).")) (|log| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{log(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the logarithm of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|exp| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{exp(\\spad{p},{}\\spad{n})} returns the exponential of \\axiom{\\spad{p}} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|product| (($ $ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\axiom{product(a,{}\\spad{b},{}\\spad{n})} returns \\axiom{a*b} (truncated up to order \\axiom{\\spad{n}}).")) (|LiePolyIfCan| (((|Union| (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|) "failed") $) "\\axiom{LiePolyIfCan(\\spad{p})} return \\axiom{\\spad{p}} if \\axiom{\\spad{p}} is a Lie polynomial.")) (|coerce| (($ (|LiePolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\axiom{coerce(\\spad{p})} returns \\axiom{\\spad{p}}."))) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|Module| (|Fraction| (|Integer|))))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) (|XPolynomial| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports multivariate polynomials} whose set of variables is \\spadtype{Symbol}. The representation is recursive. The coefficient ring may be non-commutative and the variables do not commute. However,{} coefficients and variables commute."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) ((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) (|XPolynomialsCat| |vl| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "The Category of polynomial rings with non-commutative variables. The coefficient ring may be non-commutative too. However coefficients commute with vaiables.")) (|trunc| (($ $ (|NonNegativeInteger|)) "\\spad{trunc(p,n)} returns the polynomial \\spad{p} truncated at order \\spad{n}.")) (|degree| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{degree(p)} returns the degree of \\spad{p}. \\indented{1}{Note that the degree of a word is its length.}")) (|maxdeg| (((|OrderedFreeMonoid| |#1|) $) "\\spad{maxdeg(p)} returns the greatest leading word in the support of \\spad{p}."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) NIL (|XPolynomialRing| R E) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain represents generalized polynomials with coefficients (from a not necessarily commutative ring),{} and words belonging to an arbitrary \\spadtype{OrderedMonoid}. This type is used,{} for instance,{} by the \\spadtype{XDistributedPolynomial} domain constructor where the Monoid is free.")) (|canonicalUnitNormal| ((|attribute|) "canonicalUnitNormal guarantees that the function unitCanonical returns the same representative for all associates of any particular element.")) (/ (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{p/r} returns \\spad{p*(1/r)}.")) (|quasiRegular| (($ $) "\\spad{quasiRegular(x)} return \\spad{x} minus its constant term.")) (|quasiRegular?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{quasiRegular?(x)} return \\spad{true} if \\spad{constant(p)} is zero.")) (|constant| ((|#1| $) "\\spad{constant(p)} return the constant term of \\spad{p}.")) (|constant?| (((|Boolean|) $) "\\spad{constant?(p)} tests whether the polynomial \\spad{p} belongs to the coefficient ring.")) (|coef| ((|#1| $ |#2|) "\\spad{coef(p,e)} extracts the coefficient of the monomial \\spad{e}. Returns zero if \\spad{e} is not present.")) (|reductum| (($ $) "\\spad{reductum(p)} returns \\spad{p} minus its leading term. An error is produced if \\spad{p} is zero.")) (|mindeg| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{mindeg(p)} returns the smallest word occurring in the polynomial \\spad{p} with a non-zero coefficient. An error is produced if \\spad{p} is zero.")) (|maxdeg| ((|#2| $) "\\spad{maxdeg(p)} returns the greatest word occurring in the polynomial \\spad{p} with a non-zero coefficient. An error is produced if \\spad{p} is zero.")) (|#| (((|NonNegativeInteger|) $) "\\spad{\\# p} returns the number of terms in \\spad{p}.")) (* (($ $ |#1|) "\\spad{p*r} returns the product of \\spad{p} by \\spad{r}."))) -((|unitsKnown| . T) (|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T)) -((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |unitsKnown|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) +((|canonicalUnitNormal| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#1| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) +((|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasCategory| |#1| (QUOTE (|Field|))) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |canonicalUnitNormal|)) (|HasAttribute| |#1| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) (|XRecursivePolynomial| |VarSet| R) ((|constructor| (NIL "\\indented{2}{This type supports multivariate polynomials} whose variables do not commute. The representation is recursive. The coefficient ring may be non-commutative. Coefficients and variables commute.")) (|RemainderList| (((|List| (|Record| (|:| |k| |#1|) (|:| |c| $))) $) "\\spad{RemainderList(p)} returns the regular part of \\spad{p} as a list of terms.")) (|unexpand| (($ (|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|)) "\\spad{unexpand(p)} returns \\spad{p} in recursive form.")) (|expand| (((|XDistributedPolynomial| |#1| |#2|) $) "\\spad{expand(p)} returns \\spad{p} in distributed form."))) -((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|)) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +((|noZeroDivisors| |has| |#2| (ATTRIBUTE |noZeroDivisors|))) ((|HasCategory| |#2| (QUOTE (|CommutativeRing|))) (|HasAttribute| |#2| (QUOTE |noZeroDivisors|))) (|YoungDiagram|) ((|constructor| (NIL "This domain provides representations of Young diagrams.")) (|shape| (((|Partition|) $) "\\spad{shape x} returns the partition shaping \\spad{x}.")) (|youngDiagram| (($ (|List| (|PositiveInteger|))) "\\spad{youngDiagram l} returns an object representing a Young diagram with shape given by the list of integers \\spad{l}"))) @@ -4782,7 +4782,7 @@ NIL NIL (|IntegerMod| |p|) ((|constructor| (NIL "IntegerMod(\\spad{n}) creates the ring of integers reduced modulo the integer \\spad{n}."))) -(((|commutative| "*") . T) (|rightUnitary| . T) (|leftUnitary| . T) (|unitsKnown| . T)) +(((|commutative| "*") . T)) NIL NIL NIL @@ -4800,4 +4800,4 @@ NIL NIL NIL NIL -((|Union| NIL 1915133 1915138 1915143 1915148) (|Record| NIL 1915113 1915118 1915123 1915128) (|Mapping| NIL 1915093 1915098 1915103 1915108) (|Enumeration| NIL 1915073 1915078 1915083 1915088) (|IntegerMod| "ZMOD.spad" 1914843 1914863 1914979 1915068) (|IntegerLinearDependence| "ZLINDEP.spad" 1913921 1913952 1914833 1914838) (|ZeroDimensionalSolvePackage| "ZDSOLVE.spad" 1903858 1903904 1913911 1913916) (|ParadoxicalCombinatorsForStreams| "YSTREAM.spad" 1903324 1903364 1903848 1903853) (|YoungDiagram| "YDIAGRAM.spad" 1902949 1902967 1903314 1903319) (|XRecursivePolynomial| "XRPOLY.spad" 1902075 1902112 1902728 1902850) (|XPolynomialRing| "XPR.spad" 1899849 1899874 1901651 1901842) (|XPolynomialsCat| "XPOLYC.spad" 1899103 1899131 1899722 1899844) (|XPolynomial| "XPOLY.spad" 1898573 1898592 1898882 1899004) (|XPBWPolynomial| "XPBWPOLY.spad" 1896941 1896972 1898287 1898409) (|XFreeAlgebra| "XFALG.spad" 1894060 1894085 1896814 1896936) (|ExtensionField| "XF.spad" 1892444 1892466 1893890 1894055) (|ExtensionField&| "XF.spad" 1890840 1890865 1892289 1892294) (|XExponentialPackage| "XEXPPKG.spad" 1890083 1890125 1890830 1890835) (|XDistributedPolynomial| "XDPOLY.spad" 1889601 1889636 1889862 1889984) (|XAlgebra| "XALG.spad" 1889240 1889256 1889533 1889596) (|WuWenTsunTriangularSet| "WUTSET.spad" 1885122 1885158 1888772 1888777) (|WeightedPolynomials| "WP.spad" 1884254 1884314 1884921 1885031) (|WhileAst| "WHILEAST.spad" 1884047 1884061 1884244 1884249) (|WhereAst| "WHEREAST.spad" 1883713 1883727 1884037 1884042) (|WildFunctionFieldIntegralBasis| "WFFINTBS.spad" 1881353 1881398 1883703 1883708) (|WeierstrassPreparation| "WEIER.spad" 1879556 1879586 1881343 1881348) (|VectorSpace| "VSPACE.spad" 1879204 1879223 1879507 1879551) (|VectorSpace&| "VSPACE.spad" 1878888 1878910 1879194 1879199) (|Void| "VOID.spad" 1878564 1878574 1878878 1878883) (|ViewDefaultsPackage| "VIEWDEF.spad" 1873749 1873774 1878554 1878559) (|ThreeDimensionalViewport| "VIEW3D.spad" 1857689 1857719 1873739 1873744) (|TwoDimensionalViewport| "VIEW2D.spad" 1845569 1845597 1857679 1857684) (|ViewportPackage| "VIEW.spad" 1843277 1843298 1845559 1845564) (|VectorFunctions2| "VECTOR2.spad" 1841903 1841929 1843267 1843272) (|Vector| "VECTOR.spad" 1840758 1840772 1841012 1841017) (|VectorCategory| "VECTCAT.spad" 1838681 1838703 1840748 1840753) (|VectorCategory&| "VECTCAT.spad" 1836333 1836358 1838403 1838408) (|Variable| "VARIABLE.spad" 1836108 1836128 1836323 1836328) (|UnionType| "UTYPE.spad" 1835746 1835761 1836098 1836103) (|UTSodetools| "UTSODETL.spad" 1835025 1835053 1835690 1835695) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesODESolver| "UTSODE.spad" 1833213 1833261 1835015 1835020) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesCategory| "UTSCAT.spad" 1830597 1830640 1833043 1833208) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesCategory&| "UTSCAT.spad" 1827634 1827680 1830083 1830088) (|UnivariateTaylorSeriesFunctions2| "UTS2.spad" 1827200 1827264 1827624 1827629) (|UnivariateTaylorSeries| "UTS.spad" 1822370 1822417 1825909 1826074) (|UnaryRecursiveAggregate| "URAGG.spad" 1817071 1817102 1822360 1822365) (|UnaryRecursiveAggregate&| "URAGG.spad" 1811685 1811719 1816977 1816982) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesWithExponentialSingularity| "UPXSSING.spad" 1809483 1809555 1810965 1811170) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructor| "UPXSCONS.spad" 1807652 1807703 1808056 1808311) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructorCategory| "UPXSCCA.spad" 1806078 1806137 1807392 1807647) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesConstructorCategory&| "UPXSCCA.spad" 1804751 1804813 1806068 1806073) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesCategory| "UPXSCAT.spad" 1803206 1803250 1804491 1804746) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeriesFunctions2| "UPXS2.spad" 1802719 1802802 1803196 1803201) (|UnivariatePuiseuxSeries| "UPXS.spad" 1800436 1800484 1801292 1801547) (|UnivariatePolynomialSquareFree| "UPSQFREE.spad" 1798824 1798865 1800426 1800431) (|UnivariatePowerSeriesCategory| "UPSCAT.spad" 1796525 1796575 1798654 1798819) (|UnivariatePowerSeriesCategory&| "UPSCAT.spad" 1794031 1794084 1796163 1796168) (|UnivariatePolynomialCategoryFunctions2| "UPOLYC2.spad" 1793467 1793521 1794021 1794026) (|UnivariatePolynomialCategory| "UPOLYC.spad" 1788398 1788434 1793185 1793462) (|UnivariatePolynomialCategory&| "UPOLYC.spad" 1783310 1783349 1788100 1788105) (|UnivariatePolynomialMultiplicationPackage| "UPMP.spad" 1782204 1782255 1783300 1783305) (|UnivariatePolynomialDivisionPackage| "UPDIVP.spad" 1781737 1781783 1782194 1782199) (|UnivariatePolynomialDecompositionPackage| "UPDECOMP.spad" 1779961 1780012 1781727 1781732) (|UnivariatePolynomialCommonDenominator| "UPCDEN.spad" 1779144 1779194 1779951 1779956) (|UnivariatePolynomialFunctions2| "UP2.spad" 1778481 1778529 1779134 1779139) (|UnivariatePolynomial| "UP.spad" 1776195 1776227 1776599 1776876) (|UniversalSegmentFunctions2| "UNISEG2.spad" 1775660 1775696 1776142 1776147) (|UniversalSegment| "UNISEG.spad" 1774983 1775007 1775562 1775567) (|UnivariateFactorize| "UNIFACT.spad" 1774070 1774098 1774973 1774978) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructor| "ULSCONS.spad" 1770482 1770533 1770883 1771138) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructorCategory| "ULSCCAT.spad" 1768074 1768133 1770222 1770477) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesConstructorCategory&| "ULSCCAT.spad" 1765876 1765938 1768027 1768032) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesCategory| "ULSCAT.spad" 1763982 1764026 1765616 1765871) (|UnivariateLaurentSeriesFunctions2| "ULS2.spad" 1763466 1763549 1763972 1763977) (|UnivariateLaurentSeries| "ULS.spad" 1759021 1759069 1759986 1760435) (|UInt8| "UINT8.spad" 1758896 1758907 1759011 1759016) (|UInt64| "UINT64.spad" 1758769 1758781 1758886 1758891) (|UInt32| "UINT32.spad" 1758642 1758654 1758759 1758764) (|UInt16| "UINT16.spad" 1758515 1758527 1758632 1758637) (|UniqueFactorizationDomain| "UFD.spad" 1757515 1757546 1758398 1758510) (|UniqueFactorizationDomain&| "UFD.spad" 1756619 1756653 1757505 1757510) (|UserDefinedVariableOrdering| "UDVO.spad" 1755476 1755509 1756609 1756614) (|UserDefinedPartialOrdering| "UDPO.spad" 1753026 1753060 1755424 1755429) (|TypeAst| "TYPEAST.spad" 1752941 1752954 1753016 1753021) (|Type| "TYPE.spad" 1752872 1752882 1752931 1752936) (|TwoFactorize| "TWOFACT.spad" 1751519 1751539 1752862 1752867) (|Tuple| "TUPLE.spad" 1750999 1751012 1751406 1751411) (|TubePlotTools| "TUBETOOL.spad" 1747856 1747875 1750989 1750994) (|TubePlot| "TUBE.spad" 1746498 1746520 1747846 1747851) (|TriangularSetCategory| "TSETCAT.spad" 1734573 1734608 1746488 1746493) (|TriangularSetCategory&| "TSETCAT.spad" 1722607 1722645 1734525 1734530) (|TaylorSeries| "TS.spad" 1721136 1721161 1722111 1722276) (|TranscendentalManipulations| "TRMANIP.spad" 1715555 1715592 1720899 1720904) (|TriangularMatrixOperations| "TRIMAT.spad" 1714495 1714543 1715545 1715550) (|TrigonometricManipulations| "TRIGMNIP.spad" 1713003 1713039 1714485 1714490) (|TrigonometricFunctionCategory| "TRIGCAT.spad" 1712489 1712524 1712993 1712998) (|TrigonometricFunctionCategory&| "TRIGCAT.spad" 1711972 1712010 1712479 1712484) (|Tree| "TREE.spad" 1710614 1710626 1711647 1711652) (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory| "TRANFUN.spad" 1710426 1710462 1710604 1710609) (|TranscendentalFunctionCategory&| "TRANFUN.spad" 1710235 1710274 1710416 1710421) (|TopLevelThreeSpace| "TOPSP.spad" 1709894 1709918 1710225 1710230) (|ToolsForSign| "TOOLSIGN.spad" 1709548 1709568 1709884 1709889) (|TextFile| "TEXTFILE.spad" 1708104 1708118 1709538 1709543) (|TexFormat1| "TEX1.spad" 1707653 1707671 1708094 1708099) (|TexFormat| "TEX.spad" 1704841 1704856 1707643 1707648) (|TabulatedComputationPackage| "TBCMPPK.spad" 1702918 1702965 1704831 1704836) (|TableAggregate| "TBAGG.spad" 1702172 1702206 1702908 1702913) (|TableAggregate&| "TBAGG.spad" 1701423 1701460 1702162 1702167) (|TangentExpansions| "TANEXP.spad" 1700817 1700842 1701413 1701418) (|TermAlgebraOperator| "TALGOP.spad" 1700525 1700552 1700807 1700812) (|Tableau| "TABLEAU.spad" 1700002 1700017 1700515 1700520) (|Table| "TABLE.spad" 1698806 1698831 1699078 1699083) (|TableauxBumpers| "TABLBUMP.spad" 1695573 1695596 1698796 1698801) (|System| "SYSTEM.spad" 1694798 1694810 1695563 1695568) (|SystemSolvePackage| "SYSSOLP.spad" 1692266 1692292 1694788 1694793) (|SystemPointer| "SYSPTR.spad" 1692155 1692174 1692256 1692261) (|SystemNonNegativeInteger| "SYSNNI.spad" 1691357 1691389 1692145 1692150) (|SystemInteger| "SYSINT.spad" 1690751 1690772 1691347 1691352) (|Syntax| "SYNTAX.spad" 1687082 1687094 1690741 1690746) (|SymbolTable| "SYMTAB.spad" 1685142 1685159 1687072 1687077) (|TheSymbolTable| "SYMS.spad" 1681160 1681180 1685132 1685137) (|SymmetricPolynomial| "SYMPOLY.spad" 1680197 1680224 1680295 1680529) (|SymmetricFunctions| "SYMFUNC.spad" 1679683 1679709 1680187 1680192) (|Symbol| "SYMBOL.spad" 1677175 1677187 1679673 1679678) (|SparseUnivariateTaylorSeries| "SUTS.spad" 1674440 1674493 1675884 1676049) (|SparseUnivariatePuiseuxSeries| "SUPXS.spad" 1672138 1672192 1673013 1673268) 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1636947 1636952) (|String| "STRING.spad" 1635831 1635843 1636219 1636224) (|StreamFunctions3| "STREAM3.spad" 1635391 1635419 1635821 1635826) (|StreamFunctions2| "STREAM2.spad" 1634506 1634532 1635381 1635386) (|StreamFunctions1| "STREAM1.spad" 1634199 1634223 1634496 1634501) (|Stream| "STREAM.spad" 1631200 1631214 1633694 1633699) (|StreamInfiniteProduct| "STINPROD.spad" 1630118 1630152 1631190 1631195) (|StepAst| "STEPAST.spad" 1629348 1629361 1630108 1630113) (|StepThrough| "STEP.spad" 1628657 1628674 1629338 1629343) (|SparseTable| "STBL.spad" 1627558 1627594 1627733 1627738) (|StreamAggregate| "STAGG.spad" 1626245 1626268 1627548 1627553) (|StreamAggregate&| "STAGG.spad" 1624929 1624955 1626235 1626240) (|Stack| "STACK.spad" 1624423 1624436 1624675 1624680) (|SemiRing| "SRING.spad" 1624178 1624192 1624413 1624418) (|SquareFreeRegularTriangularSet| "SREGSET.spad" 1621781 1621825 1623710 1623715) (|SquareFreeRegularSetDecompositionPackage| "SRDCMPK.spad" 1620321 1620378 1621771 1621776) (|StringAggregate| "SRAGG.spad" 1615514 1615535 1620311 1620316) (|StringAggregate&| "SRAGG.spad" 1610704 1610728 1615504 1615509) (|SquareMatrix| "SQMATRIX.spad" 1608624 1608651 1609549 1609667) (|SplittingTree| "SPLTREE.spad" 1603417 1603440 1608223 1608228) (|SplittingNode| "SPLNODE.spad" 1600027 1600050 1603407 1603412) (|SpecialFunctionCategory| "SPFCAT.spad" 1598816 1598845 1600017 1600022) (|SpecialOutputPackage| "SPECOUT.spad" 1597351 1597377 1598806 1598811) (|SpadAstExports| "SPADXPT.spad" 1589431 1589451 1597341 1597346) (|SpadParser| "spad-parser.spad" 1588889 1588905 1589421 1589426) (|SpadAst| "SPADAST.spad" 1588586 1588599 1588879 1588884) (|ThreeSpaceCategory| "SPACEC.spad" 1572786 1572812 1588576 1588581) (|ThreeSpace| "SPACE3.spad" 1572555 1572573 1572776 1572781) (|SortPackage| "SORTPAK.spad" 1572088 1572109 1572503 1572508) (|TransSolvePackage| "SOLVETRA.spad" 1569837 1569862 1572078 1572083) (|TransSolvePackageService| "SOLVESER.spad" 1568272 1568304 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"ROIRC.spad" 1422514 1422580 1423458 1423463) (|RealNumberSystem| "RNS.spad" 1421405 1421427 1422344 1422509) (|RealNumberSystem&| "RNS.spad" 1420453 1420478 1421395 1421400) (|RangeBinding| "RNGBIND.spad" 1419596 1419619 1420400 1420405) (|Rng| "RNG.spad" 1419204 1419213 1419586 1419591) (|Rng&| "RNG.spad" 1418809 1418821 1419194 1419199) (|RightModule| "RMODULE.spad" 1418582 1418601 1418799 1418804) (|RectangularMatrixCategoryFunctions2| "RMCAT2.spad" 1417970 1418059 1418572 1418577) (|RectangularMatrix| "RMATRIX.spad" 1417028 1417061 1417385 1417429) (|RectangularMatrixCategory| "RMATCAT.spad" 1412770 1412823 1416979 1417023) (|RectangularMatrixCategory&| "RMATCAT.spad" 1408365 1408421 1412577 1412582) (|RightLinearSet| "RLINSET.spad" 1408058 1408080 1408355 1408360) (|RationalInterpolation| "RINTERP.spad" 1407932 1407966 1408048 1408053) (|Ring| "RING.spad" 1407394 1407404 1407905 1407927) (|Ring&| "RING.spad" 1406870 1406883 1407384 1407389) (|RandomIntegerDistributions| "RIDIST.spad" 1406239 1406271 1406860 1406865) (|RegularChain| "RGCHAIN.spad" 1404691 1404716 1405594 1405599) (|RGBColorSpace| "RGBCSPC.spad" 1404470 1404492 1404681 1404686) (|RGBColorModel| "RGBCMDL.spad" 1404022 1404044 1404460 1404465) (|RationalFunctionFactorizer| "RFFACTOR.spad" 1403461 1403495 1404012 1404017) (|RationalFunctionFactor| "RFFACT.spad" 1403177 1403208 1403451 1403456) (|RandomFloatDistributions| "RFDIST.spad" 1402152 1402182 1403167 1403172) (|RationalFunction| "RF.spad" 1399813 1399837 1402142 1402147) (|RetractSolvePackage| "RETSOL.spad" 1399216 1399245 1399803 1399808) (|RetractableTo| "RETRACT.spad" 1398634 1398655 1399206 1399211) (|RetractableTo&| "RETRACT.spad" 1398049 1398073 1398624 1398629) (|ReturnAst| "RETAST.spad" 1397855 1397870 1398039 1398044) (|ResidueRing| "RESRING.spad" 1397166 1397217 1397761 1397850) (|ResolveLatticeCompletion| "RESLATC.spad" 1396469 1396501 1397156 1397161) (|RepeatedSquaring| "REPSQ.spad" 1396187 1396211 1396459 1396464) 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"RADCAT.spad" 1343154 1343175 1343561 1343566) (|RadicalCategory&| "RADCAT.spad" 1342734 1342758 1343144 1343149) (|Queue| "QUEUE.spad" 1342219 1342232 1342480 1342485) (|QuaternionCategoryFunctions2| "QUATCT2.spad" 1341814 1341858 1342209 1342214) (|QuaternionCategory| "QUATCAT.spad" 1339926 1339952 1341701 1341809) (|QuaternionCategory&| "QUATCAT.spad" 1337742 1337771 1339520 1339525) (|Quaternion| "QUAT.spad" 1336226 1336244 1336576 1336684) (|QueueAggregate| "QUAGG.spad" 1335070 1335092 1336216 1336221) (|QuasiquoteAst| "QQUTAST.spad" 1334828 1334847 1335060 1335065) (|QuadraticForm| "QFORM.spad" 1334436 1334461 1334818 1334823) (|QuotientFieldCategoryFunctions2| "QFCAT2.spad" 1334100 1334145 1334426 1334431) (|QuotientFieldCategory| "QFCAT.spad" 1332712 1332741 1333930 1334095) (|QuotientFieldCategory&| "QFCAT.spad" 1330841 1330873 1332062 1332067) (|QueryEquation| "QEQUAT.spad" 1330389 1330408 1330831 1330836) (|QuasiComponentPackage| "QCMPACK.spad" 1325285 1325323 1330379 1330384) (|QuasiAlgebraicSet2| "QALGSET2.spad" 1323265 1323299 1325275 1325280) (|QuasiAlgebraicSet| "QALGSET.spad" 1319326 1319373 1323150 1323155) (|PAdicWildFunctionFieldIntegralBasis| "PWFFINTB.spad" 1316713 1316763 1319316 1319321) (|PushVariables| "PUSHVAR.spad" 1316041 1316071 1316703 1316708) (|PartialTranscendentalFunctions| "PTRANFN.spad" 1312149 1312187 1316031 1316036) (|PointPackage| "PTPACK.spad" 1309227 1309247 1312139 1312144) (|PointFunctions2| "PTFUNC2.spad" 1309037 1309064 1309217 1309222) (|PointCategory| "PTCAT.spad" 1308303 1308324 1309027 1309032) (|PolynomialSquareFree| "PSQFR.spad" 1307600 1307642 1308293 1308298) (|PseudoLinearNormalForm| "PSEUDLIN.spad" 1306466 1306496 1307590 1307595) (|PolynomialSetUtilitiesPackage| "PSETPK.spad" 1293108 1293151 1306308 1306313) (|PolynomialSetCategory| "PSETCAT.spad" 1287499 1287541 1293098 1293103) (|PolynomialSetCategory&| "PSETCAT.spad" 1281841 1281886 1287443 1287448) (|PlottableSpaceCurveCategory| "PSCURVE.spad" 1280815 1280848 1281831 1281836) (|PowerSeriesCategory| "PSCAT.spad" 1279513 1279559 1280645 1280810) (|PowerSeriesCategory&| "PSCAT.spad" 1278368 1278417 1279503 1279508) (|Partition| "PRTITION.spad" 1277059 1277074 1278358 1278363) (|PretendAst| "PRTDAST.spad" 1276770 1276786 1277049 1277054) (|PseudoRemainderSequence| "PRS.spad" 1266360 1266398 1276719 1276724) (|PriorityQueueAggregate| "PRQAGG.spad" 1265797 1265827 1266350 1266355) (|PropositionalLogic| "PROPLOG.spad" 1265385 1265409 1265787 1265792) (|PropositionalFormulaFunctions2| "PROPFUN2.spad" 1264980 1265021 1265375 1265380) (|PropositionalFormulaFunctions1| "PROPFUN1.spad" 1264358 1264397 1264970 1264975) (|PropositionalFormula| "PROPFRML.spad" 1262908 1262937 1264348 1264353) (|Property| "PROPERTY.spad" 1262398 1262412 1262898 1262903) (|Product| "PRODUCT.spad" 1261269 1261286 1261558 1261623) (|PrintPackage| "PRINT.spad" 1261011 1261029 1261259 1261264) (|IntegerPrimesPackage| "PRIMES.spad" 1259254 1259282 1261001 1261006) (|PrimitiveElement| "PRIMELT.spad" 1257365 1257389 1259244 1259249) (|PrimitiveFunctionCategory| "PRIMCAT.spad" 1256985 1257016 1257355 1257360) (|PrimitiveArrayFunctions2| "PRIMARR2.spad" 1255730 1255764 1256975 1256980) (|PrimitiveArray| "PRIMARR.spad" 1254942 1254964 1255124 1255129) (|PrecomputedAssociatedEquations| "PREASSOC.spad" 1254296 1254336 1254932 1254937) (|PolynomialRing| "PR.spad" 1252729 1252753 1253440 1253674) (|PlottablePlaneCurveCategory| "PPCURVE.spad" 1251841 1251874 1252719 1252724) (|PortNumber| "PORTNUM.spad" 1251624 1251640 1251831 1251836) (|PolynomialRoots| "POLYROOT.spad" 1250457 1250488 1251573 1251578) (|PolynomialCategoryLifting| "POLYLIFT.spad" 1249699 1249745 1250447 1250452) (|PolynomialCategoryQuotientFunctions| "POLYCATQ.spad" 1247796 1247847 1249689 1249694) (|PolynomialCategory| "POLYCAT.spad" 1241175 1241212 1247557 1247791) (|PolynomialCategory&| "POLYCAT.spad" 1234118 1234158 1240503 1240508) (|PolynomialToUnivariatePolynomial| "POLY2UP.spad" 1233540 1233584 1234108 1234113) (|PolynomialFunctions2| "POLY2.spad" 1233119 1233149 1233530 1233535) (|Polynomial| "POLY.spad" 1231074 1231092 1231597 1231831) (|RealPolynomialUtilitiesPackage| "POLUTIL.spad" 1230002 1230059 1231021 1231026) (|PolToPol| "POLTOPOL.spad" 1228744 1228765 1229992 1229997) (|Point| "POINT.spad" 1227763 1227776 1227853 1227858) (|PolynomialNumberTheoryFunctions| "PNTHEORY.spad" 1224436 1224473 1227753 1227758) (|PatternMatchTools| "PMTOOLS.spad" 1223196 1223225 1224426 1224431) (|PatternMatchSymbol| "PMSYM.spad" 1222729 1222755 1223186 1223191) (|PatternMatchQuotientFieldCategory| "PMQFCAT.spad" 1222289 1222334 1222719 1222724) (|FunctionSpaceAttachPredicates| "PMPREDFS.spad" 1221732 1221773 1222279 1222284) (|AttachPredicates| "PMPRED.spad" 1221209 1221233 1221722 1221727) (|PatternMatchPolynomialCategory| "PMPLCAT.spad" 1220244 1220290 1221124 1221129) (|PatternMatchListAggregate| "PMLSAGG.spad" 1219806 1219843 1220234 1220239) (|PatternMatchKernel| "PMKERNEL.spad" 1219369 1219397 1219796 1219801) (|PatternMatchIntegerNumberSystem| "PMINS.spad" 1218920 1218959 1219359 1219364) (|PatternMatchFunctionSpace| "PMFS.spad" 1218478 1218515 1218910 1218915) (|PatternMatchPushDown| "PMDOWN.spad" 1217750 1217782 1218468 1218473) (|FunctionSpaceAssertions| "PMASSFS.spad" 1216708 1216741 1217740 1217745) (|PatternMatchAssertions| "PMASS.spad" 1215706 1215734 1216698 1216703) (|PlotTools| "PLOTTOOL.spad" 1215479 1215494 1215696 1215701) (|Plot3D| "PLOT3D.spad" 1211939 1211951 1215469 1215474) (|PlotFunctions1| "PLOT1.spad" 1211100 1211122 1211929 1211934) (|Plot| "PLOT.spad" 1206021 1206031 1211090 1211095) (|ParametricLinearEquations| "PLEQN.spad" 1193400 1193450 1206011 1206016) (|PolynomialInterpolationAlgorithms| "PINTERPA.spad" 1193157 1193200 1193390 1193395) (|PolynomialInterpolation| "PINTERP.spad" 1192762 1192798 1193147 1193152) (|PrincipalIdealDomain| "PID.spad" 1191675 1191701 1192645 1192757) (|PiCoercions| 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1216641 1216646) (|Polynomial| "multpoly.spad" 1214245 1214263 1214768 1214942) (|RealPolynomialUtilitiesPackage| "reclos.spad" 1213173 1213230 1214192 1214197) (|PolToPol| "poltopol.spad" 1211915 1211936 1213163 1213168) (|Point| "newpoint.spad" 1210934 1210947 1211024 1211029) (|PolynomialNumberTheoryFunctions| "numtheor.spad" 1207607 1207644 1210924 1210929) (|PatternMatchTools| "patmatch1.spad" 1206367 1206396 1207597 1207602) (|PatternMatchSymbol| "patmatch1.spad" 1205900 1205926 1206357 1206362) (|PatternMatchQuotientFieldCategory| "patmatch2.spad" 1205460 1205505 1205890 1205895) (|FunctionSpaceAttachPredicates| "expr.spad" 1204903 1204944 1205450 1205455) (|AttachPredicates| "expr.spad" 1204380 1204404 1204893 1204898) (|PatternMatchPolynomialCategory| "patmatch2.spad" 1203415 1203461 1204295 1204300) (|PatternMatchListAggregate| "patmatch1.spad" 1202977 1203014 1203405 1203410) (|PatternMatchKernel| "patmatch1.spad" 1202540 1202568 1202967 1202972) 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1147901) (|PermutationGroup| "permgrps.spad" 1142588 1142612 1147572 1147577) (|PermutationCategory| "perm.spad" 1141242 1141269 1142578 1142583) (|Permanent| "perman.spad" 1139791 1139812 1141232 1141237) (|Permutation| "perm.spad" 1135648 1135667 1139680 1139685) (|PendantTree| "tree.spad" 1135034 1135053 1135323 1135328) (|PartialDifferentialSpace| "catdef.spad" 1133825 1133857 1135024 1135029) (|PartialDifferentialSpace&| "catdef.spad" 1132613 1132648 1133815 1133820) (|PartialDifferentialRing| "catdef.spad" 1132444 1132475 1132603 1132608) (|PartialDifferentialModule| "catdef.spad" 1132259 1132294 1132434 1132439) (|PolynomialDecomposition| "pdecomp.spad" 1131712 1131746 1132249 1132254) (|PartialDifferentialDomain| "catdef.spad" 1131127 1131163 1131702 1131707) (|PartialDifferentialDomain&| "catdef.spad" 1130539 1130578 1131117 1131122) (|PolynomialComposition| "pdecomp.spad" 1130373 1130405 1130529 1130534) (|PoincareBirkhoffWittLyndonBasis| "xlpoly.spad" 1129125 1129171 1130363 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927101 927112 927934 927939) (|Monad&| "naalgc.spad" 926255 926269 927091 927096) (|MoebiusTransform| "moebius.spad" 924991 925015 926245 926250) (|Module| "catdef.spad" 924879 924893 924981 924986) (|Module&| "catdef.spad" 924764 924781 924869 924874) (|ModularRing| "modring.spad" 924220 924276 924754 924759) (|ModuleOperator| "opalg.spad" 922879 922903 924056 924061) (|ModuleMonomial| "modmonom.spad" 922598 922628 922869 922874) (|ModMonic| "modmon.spad" 919962 919980 920683 920900) (|ModularField| "modring.spad" 919376 919433 919877 919957) (|MathMLFormat| "mathml.spad" 918226 918244 919366 919371) (|MultipleMap| "curve.spad" 917959 918002 918216 918221) (|MonogenicLinearOperator| "lodop.spad" 916431 916462 917949 917954) (|MultivariateLifting| "mlift.spad" 915026 915060 916421 916426) (|MakeUnaryCompiledFunction| "mkfunc.spad" 914542 914579 915016 915021) (|MakeRecord| "mkrecord.spad" 914122 914143 914532 914537) (|MakeFunction| "mkfunc.spad" 913519 913539 914112 914117) 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861895 861929 864062 864067) (|LinearSystemMatrixPackage| "solvelin.spad" 860733 860780 861885 861890) (|ListAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 860413 860434 860723 860728) (|ListAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 860090 860114 860403 860408) (|LiePolynomial| "xlpoly.spad" 859089 859119 859994 859999) (|LinearPolynomialEquationByFractions| "fraction.spad" 858327 858370 859079 859084) (|Logic| "logic.spad" 857866 857877 858317 858322) (|Logic&| "logic.spad" 857402 857416 857856 857861) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorsOps| "lodo.spad" 856296 856344 857392 857397) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorFactorizer| "lodof.spad" 855281 855336 856230 856235) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory| "lodo.spad" 853941 853991 855271 855276) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperatorCategory&| "lodo.spad" 852561 852614 853894 853899) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator2| "lodo.spad" 851808 851853 852248 852253) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator1| "lodo.spad" 851182 851225 851495 851500) (|LinearOrdinaryDifferentialOperator| "lodo.spad" 850540 850589 850869 850874) (|ElementaryFunctionLODESolver| "odeef.spad" 849320 849360 850530 850535) (|Localize| "fraction.spad" 848720 848740 849259 849264) (|LinearAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 844894 844917 848710 848715) (|LinearAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 840981 841007 844800 844805) (|ListMonoidOps| "free.spad" 837738 837766 840971 840976) (|LeftModule| "catdef.spad" 837514 837532 837728 837733) (|ListMultiDictionary| "lmdict.spad" 836856 836883 837121 837126) (|LeftLinearSet| "catdef.spad" 836552 836573 836846 836851) (|Literal| "syntax.spad" 836453 836469 836542 836547) (|ListFunctions3| "list.spad" 835752 835778 836443 836448) (|ListToMap| "list.spad" 832672 832691 835742 835747) (|ListFunctions2| "list.spad" 831362 831386 832662 832667) (|List| "list.spad" 829411 829423 830756 830761) (|LinearSet| "catdef.spad" 829183 829200 829401 829406) (|LinearForm| "vector.spad" 828660 828680 829173 829178) (|LinearlyExplicitRingOver| 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717879 717884) (|Int64| "data.spad" 717643 717654 717757 717762) (|Int32| "data.spad" 717519 717530 717633 717638) (|Int16| "data.spad" 717395 717406 717509 717514) (|Integer| "integer.spad" 717065 717078 717260 717390) (|IntegerNumberSystem| "si.spad" 714532 714557 716948 717060) (|IntegerNumberSystem&| "si.spad" 712103 712131 714522 714527) (|InnerPolySign| "sign.spad" 711562 711586 712093 712098) (|InfiniteProductPrimeField| "infprod.spad" 710635 710677 711552 711557) (|InfiniteProductFiniteField| "infprod.spad" 709699 709747 710625 710630) (|InnerMultFact| "multfact.spad" 708663 708691 709689 709694) (|InnerModularGcd| "modgcd.spad" 708154 708197 708653 708658) (|InnerNumericFloatSolvePackage| "numsolve.spad" 706428 706473 708144 708149) (|InfiniteProductCharacteristicZero| "infprod.spad" 705477 705527 706418 706423) (|InputFormFunctions1| "mkfunc.spad" 705085 705112 705467 705472) (|InputForm| "mkfunc.spad" 702289 702304 705075 705080) (|Infinity| "complet.spad" 701835 701849 702279 702284) (|InetClientStreamSocket| "net.spad" 701792 701820 701825 701830) (|InnerNumericEigenPackage| "numeigen.spad" 700320 700360 701782 701787) (|IndexedExponents| "multpoly.spad" 699940 699971 700215 700220) (|IncrementingMaps| "seg.spad" 699363 699387 699930 699935) (|InputBinaryFile| "net.spad" 698446 698467 699353 699358) (|InnerNormalBasisFieldFunctions| "ffnb.spad" 694268 694307 698436 698441) (|InputByteConduit| "net.spad" 692520 692542 694258 694263) (|InputByteConduit&| "net.spad" 690769 690794 692510 692515) (|InAst| "syntax.spad" 690427 690438 690759 690764) (|ImportAst| "syntax.spad" 690128 690143 690417 690422) (|InnerMatrixQuotientFieldFunctions| "matfuns.spad" 689141 689216 690034 690039) (|InnerMatrixLinearAlgebraFunctions| "matfuns.spad" 687681 687736 689047 689052) (|InnerFiniteField| "ffp.spad" 687126 687156 687411 687491) (|IfAst| "syntax.spad" 686737 686748 687116 687121) (|IndexedFlexibleArray| "array1.spad" 684415 684448 686131 686136) 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141240 141265 145407 145487) (|Conduit| "net.spad" 140993 141006 141230 141235) (|CommutativeRing| "catdef.spad" 140682 140703 140959 140988) (|SubSpaceComponentProperty| "newpoint.spad" 140177 140208 140672 140677) (|ComplexPattern| "gaussian.spad" 139932 139959 140167 140172) (|ComplexFunctions2| "gaussian.spad" 139632 139659 139922 139927) (|Complex| "gaussian.spad" 136844 136859 137093 137467) (|CompilerPackage| "compiler.spad" 136380 136401 136834 136839) (|ComplexFactorization| "gaussian.spad" 135964 135996 136370 136375) (|ComplexCategory| "gaussian.spad" 133910 133933 135585 135959) (|ComplexCategory&| "gaussian.spad" 131487 131513 133165 133170) (|CommutativeOperatorCategory| "catdef.spad" 131209 131245 131347 131482) (|CommutativeOperation| "catdef.spad" 130781 130810 131069 131204) (|CommuteUnivariatePolynomialCategory| "polycat.spad" 130496 130547 130771 130776) (|CommonOperators| "op.spad" 130016 130037 130486 130491) (|CommaAst| "syntax.spad" 129773 129787 130006 130011) (|Commutator| "fnla.spad" 129576 129592 129763 129768) (|CombinatorialOpsCategory| "combfunc.spad" 128477 128507 129566 129571) (|IntegerCombinatoricFunctions| "combinat.spad" 127218 127254 128467 128472) (|CombinatorialFunction| "combfunc.spad" 124625 124656 127208 127213) (|Color| "color.spad" 123459 123470 124615 124620) (|ColonAst| "syntax.spad" 123119 123133 123449 123454) (|ComplexRootPackage| "cmplxrt.spad" 122814 122847 123109 123114) (|CollectAst| "syntax.spad" 122468 122484 122804 122809) (|TwoDimensionalPlotClipping| "clip.spad" 118552 118584 122458 122463) (|CliffordAlgebra| "clifford.spad" 117379 117408 118542 118547) (|Collection| "aggcat.spad" 115577 115595 117369 117374) (|Collection&| "aggcat.spad" 113594 113615 115389 115394) (|ComplexIntegerSolveLinearPolynomialEquation| "gaussian.spad" 112908 112962 113584 113589) (|ChangeOfVariable| "curve.spad" 111036 111068 112898 112903) (|CharacteristicZero| "catdef.spad" 110945 110969 111026 111031) (|CharacteristicPolynomialPackage| "eigen.spad" 110442 110481 110935 110940) (|CharacteristicNonZero| "catdef.spad" 110195 110222 110432 110437) (|Character| "string.spad" 107556 107571 110185 110190) (|CombinatorialFunctionCategory| "trigcat.spad" 106857 106892 107546 107551) (|CommonDenominator| "cden.spad" 106062 106091 106847 106852) (|CharacterClass| "string.spad" 104294 104314 105568 105599) (|Category| "domain.spad" 103362 103376 104284 104289) (|CategoryConstructor| "domain.spad" 103236 103261 103352 103357) (|CategoryAst| "syntax.spad" 102853 102870 103226 103231) (|CaseAst| "syntax.spad" 102562 102575 102843 102848) (|CartesianTensorFunctions2| "carten.spad" 101929 101979 102552 102557) (|CartesianTensor| "carten.spad" 97668 97705 101919 101924) (|CardinalNumber| "card.spad" 94943 94963 97634 97663) (|CapsuleAst| "syntax.spad" 94717 94733 94933 94938) (|CachableSet| "kl.spad" 94332 94349 94707 94712) (|CancellationAbelianMonoid| "catdef.spad" 93868 93899 94322 94327) (|ByteOrder| "data.spad" 93536 93551 93858 93863) (|ByteBuffer| "data.spad" 91756 91772 92970 92975) (|Byte| "data.spad" 91229 91239 91746 91751) (|BinaryTree| "tree.spad" 90362 90380 90904 90909) (|BinaryTournament| "tree.spad" 89421 89445 90037 90042) (|BinaryTreeCategory| "tree.spad" 88984 89010 89411 89416) (|BinaryTreeCategory&| "tree.spad" 88544 88573 88974 88979) (|BitAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 88022 88040 88534 88539) (|BitAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 87497 87518 88012 88017) (|BinarySearchTree| "tree.spad" 86292 86316 87172 87177) (|BrillhartTests| "brill.spad" 84485 84508 86282 86287) (|BinaryRecursiveAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 83419 83451 84475 84480) (|BinaryRecursiveAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 82266 82301 83325 83330) (|BalancedPAdicRational| "padic.spad" 80412 80443 80678 80758) (|BalancedPAdicInteger| "padic.spad" 80083 80113 80355 80407) (|BoundIntegerRoots| "oderf.spad" 79728 79756 80073 80078) (|BasicOperatorFunctions1| "op.spad" 77165 77196 79718 79723) (|BasicOperator| "op.spad" 72296 72315 77155 77160) (|Boolean| "boolean.spad" 71839 71852 72286 72291) (|BooleanLogic| "logic.spad" 71479 71497 71829 71834) (|BooleanLogic&| "logic.spad" 71116 71137 71469 71474) (|BiModule| "catdef.spad" 70949 70967 71106 71111) (|Bits| "boolean.spad" 70222 70232 70439 70444) (|BinaryOperatorCategory| "catdef.spad" 70084 70115 70212 70217) (|BinaryOperation| "catdef.spad" 69821 69845 70074 70079) (|Binding| "any.spad" 69237 69250 69811 69816) (|BinaryExpansion| "radix.spad" 67406 67427 67775 67855) (|BagAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 66725 66745 67396 67401) (|BagAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 66041 66064 66715 66720) (|BezoutMatrix| "bezout.spad" 65163 65200 65983 65988) (|BalancedBinaryTree| "tree.spad" 62092 62118 64838 64843) (|BasicType| "catdef.spad" 61584 61599 62082 62087) (|BasicType&| "catdef.spad" 61073 61091 61574 61579) (|BalancedFactorisation| "oderf.spad" 60513 60545 61063 61068) (|Automorphism| "ore.spad" 59963 59983 60503 60508) (|AttributeRegistry| "attreg.spad" 58271 58294 59774 59958) (|AttributeAst| "syntax.spad" 57977 57995 58261 58266) (|ArcTrigonometricFunctionCategory| "trigcat.spad" 57416 57454 57967 57972) (|ArcTrigonometricFunctionCategory&| "trigcat.spad" 56852 56893 57406 57411) (|AbstractSyntaxCategory| "syntax.spad" 56735 56763 56842 56847) (|AbstractSyntaxCategory&| "syntax.spad" 56615 56646 56725 56730) (|ArrayStack| "bags.spad" 56084 56102 56361 56366) (|AssociatedEquations| "lodof.spad" 54897 54926 56037 56042) (|TwoDimensionalArray| "array2.spad" 54476 54503 54643 54648) (|OneDimensionalArrayFunctions2| "array1.spad" 53161 53200 54466 54471) (|OneDimensionalArray| "array1.spad" 52191 52218 52555 52560) (|TwoDimensionalArrayCategory| "array2.spad" 48474 48521 52181 52186) (|TwoDimensionalArrayCategory&| "array2.spad" 44754 44804 48464 48469) (|Arity| "term.spad" 44122 44133 44744 44749) (|ApplyRules| "rule.spad" 43401 43428 44112 44117) (|ApplyUnivariateSkewPolynomial| "ore.spad" 42992 43033 43391 43396) (|AnyFunctions1| "any.spad" 42051 42072 42982 42987) (|Any| "any.spad" 40900 40909 42041 42046) (|AntiSymm| "derham.spad" 39476 39499 40890 40895) (|AnonymousFunction| "variable.spad" 39169 39192 39466 39471) (|AlgebraicNumber| "constant.spad" 37618 37639 38995 39075) (|AbelianMonoidRing| "polycat.spad" 35924 35951 37508 37613) (|AbelianMonoidRing&| "polycat.spad" 34020 34050 35607 35612) (|AssociationList| "list.spad" 32544 32579 32908 32913) (|AlgebraGivenByStructuralConstants| "naalg.spad" 31680 31738 32449 32454) (|AlgebraPackage| "naalg.spad" 27437 27461 31623 31628) (|AlgebraicMultFact| "multfact.spad" 26614 26644 27427 27432) (|AlgebraicManipulations| "manip.spad" 24064 24096 26424 26429) (|AlgebraicFunctionField| "curve.spad" 22804 22852 23042 23174) (|AlgFactor| "algfact.spad" 21915 21933 22794 22799) (|Algebra| "catdef.spad" 21776 21791 21905 21910) (|Algebra&| "catdef.spad" 21634 21652 21766 21771) (|AssociationListAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 21149 21193 21624 21629) (|ArcHyperbolicFunctionCategory| "trigcat.spad" 20502 20537 21139 21144) (|Aggregate| "aggcat.spad" 19401 19416 20492 20497) (|Aggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 18297 18315 19391 19396) (|AlgebraicFunction| "algfunc.spad" 16714 16741 18230 18235) (|AddAst| "syntax.spad" 16395 16407 16704 16709) (|PlaneAlgebraicCurvePlot| "acplot.spad" 15250 15279 16385 16390) (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace| "algfunc.spad" 13089 13129 15165 15245) (|AlgebraicallyClosedFunctionSpace&| "algfunc.spad" 11000 11043 13079 13084) (|AlgebraicallyClosedField| "algfunc.spad" 7744 7774 10915 10995) (|AlgebraicallyClosedField&| "algfunc.spad" 4560 4593 7734 7739) (|AbelianSemiGroup| "catdef.spad" 4086 4108 4550 4555) (|AbelianSemiGroup&| "catdef.spad" 3609 3634 4076 4081) (|AbelianMonoid| "catdef.spad" 3025 3044 3599 3604) (|AbelianMonoid&| "catdef.spad" 2438 2460 3015 3020) (|AbelianGroup| "catdef.spad" 2092 2110 2428 2433) (|AbelianGroup&| "catdef.spad" 1743 1764 2082 2087) (|OneDimensionalArrayAggregate| "aggcat.spad" 888 924 1733 1738) (|OneDimensionalArrayAggregate&| "aggcat.spad" 30 69 878 883))
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