path: root/job.c

/* Job execution and handling for GNU Make.
Copyright (C) 1988,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Make.

GNU Make is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU Make is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Make; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include "make.h"

#include <assert.h>

#include "job.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "filedef.h"
#include "commands.h"
#include "variable.h"
#include "debug.h"

#include <string.h>

/* Default shell to use.  */
#ifdef WINDOWS32
char *default_shell = "sh.exe";
int no_default_sh_exe = 1;
int batch_mode_shell = 1;
#else  /* WINDOWS32 */
# ifdef _AMIGA
char default_shell[] = "";
extern int MyExecute (char **);
# else /* _AMIGA */
#  ifdef __MSDOS__
/* The default shell is a pointer so we can change it if Makefile
   says so.  It is without an explicit path so we get a chance
   to search the $PATH for it (since MSDOS doesn't have standard
   directories we could trust).  */
char *default_shell = "command.com";
#  else  /* __MSDOS__ */
#   ifdef VMS
#    include <descrip.h>
char default_shell[] = "";
#   else
char default_shell[] = "/bin/sh";
#   endif /* VMS */
#  endif /* __MSDOS__ */
int batch_mode_shell = 0;
# endif /* _AMIGA */
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */

#ifdef __MSDOS__
# include <process.h>
static int execute_by_shell;
static int dos_pid = 123;
int dos_status;
int dos_command_running;
#endif /* __MSDOS__ */

#ifdef _AMIGA
# include <proto/dos.h>
static int amiga_pid = 123;
static int amiga_status;
static char amiga_bname[32];
static int amiga_batch_file;
#endif /* Amiga.  */

#ifdef VMS
# ifndef __GNUC__
#   include <processes.h>
# endif
# include <starlet.h>
# include <lib$routines.h>
#endif

#ifdef WINDOWS32
# include <windows.h>
# include <io.h>
# include <process.h>
# include "sub_proc.h"
# include "w32err.h"
# include "pathstuff.h"
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
# include <fcntl.h>
#else
# include <sys/file.h>
#endif

#if defined (HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H) || defined (HAVE_UNION_WAIT)
# include <sys/wait.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WAITPID
# define WAIT_NOHANG(status)	waitpid (-1, (status), WNOHANG)
#else	/* Don't have waitpid.  */
# ifdef HAVE_WAIT3
#  ifndef wait3
extern int wait3 ();
#  endif
#  define WAIT_NOHANG(status)	wait3 ((status), WNOHANG, (struct rusage *) 0)
# endif /* Have wait3.  */
#endif /* Have waitpid.  */

#if !defined (wait) && !defined (POSIX)
extern int wait ();
#endif

#ifndef	HAVE_UNION_WAIT

# define WAIT_T int

# ifndef WTERMSIG
#  define WTERMSIG(x) ((x) & 0x7f)
# endif
# ifndef WCOREDUMP
#  define WCOREDUMP(x) ((x) & 0x80)
# endif
# ifndef WEXITSTATUS
#  define WEXITSTATUS(x) (((x) >> 8) & 0xff)
# endif
# ifndef WIFSIGNALED
#  define WIFSIGNALED(x) (WTERMSIG (x) != 0)
# endif
# ifndef WIFEXITED
#  define WIFEXITED(x) (WTERMSIG (x) == 0)
# endif

#else	/* Have `union wait'.  */

# define WAIT_T union wait
# ifndef WTERMSIG
#  define WTERMSIG(x) ((x).w_termsig)
# endif
# ifndef WCOREDUMP
#  define WCOREDUMP(x) ((x).w_coredump)
# endif
# ifndef WEXITSTATUS
#  define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x).w_retcode)
# endif
# ifndef WIFSIGNALED
#  define WIFSIGNALED(x) (WTERMSIG(x) != 0)
# endif
# ifndef WIFEXITED
#  define WIFEXITED(x) (WTERMSIG(x) == 0)
# endif

#endif	/* Don't have `union wait'.  */

/* How to set close-on-exec for a file descriptor.  */

#if !defined F_SETFD
# define CLOSE_ON_EXEC(_d)
#else
# ifndef FD_CLOEXEC
#  define FD_CLOEXEC 1
# endif
# define CLOSE_ON_EXEC(_d) (void) fcntl ((_d), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)
#endif

#ifdef VMS
static int vms_jobsefnmask = 0;
#endif /* !VMS */

#ifndef	HAVE_UNISTD_H
extern int dup2 ();
extern int execve ();
extern void _exit ();
# ifndef VMS
extern int geteuid ();
extern int getegid ();
extern int setgid ();
extern int getgid ();
# endif
#endif

extern char *allocated_variable_expand_for_file PARAMS ((char *line, struct file *file));

extern int getloadavg PARAMS ((double loadavg[], int nelem));
extern int start_remote_job PARAMS ((char **argv, char **envp, int stdin_fd,
		int *is_remote, int *id_ptr, int *used_stdin));
extern int start_remote_job_p PARAMS ((int));
extern int remote_status PARAMS ((int *exit_code_ptr, int *signal_ptr,
		int *coredump_ptr, int block));

RETSIGTYPE child_handler PARAMS ((int));
static void free_child PARAMS ((struct child *));
static void start_job_command PARAMS ((struct child *child));
static int load_too_high PARAMS ((void));
static int job_next_command PARAMS ((struct child *));
static int start_waiting_job PARAMS ((struct child *));
#ifdef VMS
static void vmsWaitForChildren PARAMS ((int *));
#endif

/* Chain of all live (or recently deceased) children.  */

struct child *children = 0;

/* Number of children currently running.  */

unsigned int job_slots_used = 0;

/* Nonzero if the `good' standard input is in use.  */

static int good_stdin_used = 0;

/* Chain of children waiting to run until the load average goes down.  */

static struct child *waiting_jobs = 0;

/* Non-zero if we use a *real* shell (always so on Unix).  */

int unixy_shell = 1;


#ifdef WINDOWS32
/*
 * The macro which references this function is defined in make.h.
 */
int w32_kill(int pid, int sig)
{
  return ((process_kill(pid, sig) == TRUE) ? 0 : -1);
}
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */

/* Write an error message describing the exit status given in
   EXIT_CODE, EXIT_SIG, and COREDUMP, for the target TARGET_NAME.
   Append "(ignored)" if IGNORED is nonzero.  */

static void
child_error (target_name, exit_code, exit_sig, coredump, ignored)
     char *target_name;
     int exit_code, exit_sig, coredump;
     int ignored;
{
  if (ignored && silent_flag)
    return;

#ifdef VMS
  if (!(exit_code & 1))
      error (NILF,
             (ignored ? _("*** [%s] Error 0x%x (ignored)")
              : _("*** [%s] Error 0x%x")),
             target_name, exit_code);
#else
  if (exit_sig == 0)
    error (NILF, ignored ? _("[%s] Error %d (ignored)") :
	   _("*** [%s] Error %d"),
	   target_name, exit_code);
  else
    error (NILF, "*** [%s] %s%s",
	   target_name, strsignal (exit_sig),
	   coredump ? _(" (core dumped)") : "");
#endif /* VMS */
}

#ifdef VMS
/* Wait for nchildren children to terminate */
static void
vmsWaitForChildren(int *status)
{
  while (1)
    {
      if (!vms_jobsefnmask)
	{
	  *status = 0;
	  return;
	}

      *status = sys$wflor (32, vms_jobsefnmask);
    }
  return;
}

/* Set up IO redirection.  */

char *
vms_redirect (desc, fname, ibuf)
    struct dsc$descriptor_s *desc;
    char *fname;
    char *ibuf;
{
  char *fptr;
  extern char *vmsify ();

  ibuf++;
  while (isspace ((unsigned char)*ibuf))
    ibuf++;
  fptr = ibuf;
  while (*ibuf && !isspace ((unsigned char)*ibuf))
    ibuf++;
  *ibuf = 0;
  if (strcmp (fptr, "/dev/null") != 0)
    {
      strcpy (fname, vmsify (fptr, 0));
      if (strchr (fname, '.') == 0)
	strcat (fname, ".");
    }
  desc->dsc$w_length = strlen(fname);
  desc->dsc$a_pointer = fname;
  desc->dsc$b_dtype = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
  desc->dsc$b_class = DSC$K_CLASS_S;

  if (*fname == 0)
    printf (_("Warning: Empty redirection\n"));
  return ibuf;
}


/*
   found apostrophe at (p-1)

   inc p until after closing apostrophe.  */

static char *
handle_apos (char *p)
{
  int alast;
  int inside;

#define SEPCHARS ",/()= "

  inside = 0;

  while (*p != 0)
    {
      if (*p == '"')
	{
	  if (inside)
	    {
	      while ((alast > 0)
		    && (*p == '"'))
		{
		  p++;
		  alast--;
		}
	      if (alast == 0)
		inside = 0;
	      else
		{
		  fprintf (stderr, _("Syntax error, still inside '\"'\n"));
		  exit (3);
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      p++;
	      if (strchr (SEPCHARS, *p))
		break;
	      inside = 1;
	      alast = 1;
	      while (*p == '"')
		{
		  alast++;
		  p++;
		}
	    }
	}
      else
	p++;
    }

  return p;
}

#endif


/* Handle a dead child.  This handler may or may not ever be installed.

   If we're using the jobserver feature, we need it.  First, installing it
   ensures the read will interrupt on SIGCHLD.  Second, we close the dup'd
   read FD to ensure we don't enter another blocking read without reaping all
   the dead children.  In this case we don't need the dead_children count.

   If we don't have either waitpid or wait3, then make is unreliable, but we
   use the dead_children count to reap children as best we can.  */

static unsigned int dead_children = 0;

RETSIGTYPE
child_handler (sig)
     int sig;
{
  ++dead_children;

  if (job_rfd >= 0)
    {
      close (job_rfd);
      job_rfd = -1;
    }

  DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Got a SIGCHLD; %u unreaped children.\n"), dead_children));
}


extern int shell_function_pid, shell_function_completed;

/* Reap all dead children, storing the returned status and the new command
   state (`cs_finished') in the `file' member of the `struct child' for the
   dead child, and removing the child from the chain.  In addition, if BLOCK
   nonzero, we block in this function until we've reaped at least one
   complete child, waiting for it to die if necessary.  If ERR is nonzero,
   print an error message first.  */

void
reap_children (block, err)
     int block, err;
{
  WAIT_T status;
  /* Initially, assume we have some.  */
  int reap_more = 1;

#ifdef WAIT_NOHANG
# define REAP_MORE reap_more
#else
# define REAP_MORE dead_children
#endif

  /* As long as:

       We have at least one child outstanding OR a shell function in progress,
         AND
       We're blocking for a complete child OR there are more children to reap

     we'll keep reaping children.  */

  while ((children != 0 || shell_function_pid != 0) &&
	 (block || REAP_MORE))
    {
      int remote = 0;
      register int pid;
      int exit_code, exit_sig, coredump;
      register struct child *lastc, *c;
      int child_failed;
      int any_remote, any_local;

      if (err && block)
	{
	  /* We might block for a while, so let the user know why.  */
	  fflush (stdout);
	  error (NILF, _("*** Waiting for unfinished jobs...."));
	}

      /* We have one less dead child to reap.  As noted in
	 child_handler() above, this count is completely unimportant for
	 all modern, POSIX-y systems that support wait3() or waitpid().
	 The rest of this comment below applies only to early, broken
	 pre-POSIX systems.  We keep the count only because... it's there...

	 The test and decrement are not atomic; if it is compiled into:
	 	register = dead_children - 1;
		dead_children = register;
	 a SIGCHLD could come between the two instructions.
	 child_handler increments dead_children.
	 The second instruction here would lose that increment.  But the
	 only effect of dead_children being wrong is that we might wait
	 longer than necessary to reap a child, and lose some parallelism;
	 and we might print the "Waiting for unfinished jobs" message above
	 when not necessary.  */

      if (dead_children > 0)
	--dead_children;

      any_remote = 0;
      any_local = shell_function_pid != 0;
      for (c = children; c != 0; c = c->next)
	{
	  any_remote |= c->remote;
	  any_local |= ! c->remote;
	  DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Live child 0x%08lx (%s) PID %ld %s\n"),
                        (unsigned long int) c, c->file->name,
                        (long) c->pid, c->remote ? _(" (remote)") : ""));
#ifdef VMS
	  break;
#endif
	}

      /* First, check for remote children.  */
      if (any_remote)
	pid = remote_status (&exit_code, &exit_sig, &coredump, 0);
      else
	pid = 0;

      if (pid > 0)
	/* We got a remote child.  */
	remote = 1;
      else if (pid < 0)
	{
          /* A remote status command failed miserably.  Punt.  */
	remote_status_lose:
	  if (EINTR_SET)
	    continue;

	  pfatal_with_name ("remote_status");
	}
      else
	{
	  /* No remote children.  Check for local children.  */
#if !defined(__MSDOS__) && !defined(_AMIGA) && !defined(WINDOWS32)
	  if (any_local)
	    {
            local_wait:
#ifdef VMS
	      vmsWaitForChildren (&status);
	      pid = c->pid;
#else
#ifdef WAIT_NOHANG
	      if (!block)
		pid = WAIT_NOHANG (&status);
	      else
#endif
		pid = wait (&status);
#endif /* !VMS */
	    }
	  else
	    pid = 0;

	  if (pid < 0)
	    {
              /* EINTR?  Try again. */
	      if (EINTR_SET)
		goto local_wait;

              /* The wait*() failed miserably.  Punt.  */
	      pfatal_with_name ("wait");
	    }
	  else if (pid > 0)
	    {
	      /* We got a child exit; chop the status word up.  */
	      exit_code = WEXITSTATUS (status);
	      exit_sig = WIFSIGNALED (status) ? WTERMSIG (status) : 0;
	      coredump = WCOREDUMP (status);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* No local children are dead.  */
              reap_more = 0;

	      if (!block || !any_remote)
                break;

              /* Now try a blocking wait for a remote child.  */
              pid = remote_status (&exit_code, &exit_sig, &coredump, 1);
              if (pid < 0)
                goto remote_status_lose;
              else if (pid == 0)
                /* No remote children either.  Finally give up.  */
                break;

              /* We got a remote child.  */
              remote = 1;
	    }
#endif /* !__MSDOS__, !Amiga, !WINDOWS32.  */

#ifdef __MSDOS__
	  /* Life is very different on MSDOS.  */
	  pid = dos_pid - 1;
	  status = dos_status;
	  exit_code = WEXITSTATUS (status);
	  if (exit_code == 0xff)
	    exit_code = -1;
	  exit_sig = WIFSIGNALED (status) ? WTERMSIG (status) : 0;
	  coredump = 0;
#endif /* __MSDOS__ */
#ifdef _AMIGA
	  /* Same on Amiga */
	  pid = amiga_pid - 1;
	  status = amiga_status;
	  exit_code = amiga_status;
	  exit_sig = 0;
	  coredump = 0;
#endif /* _AMIGA */
#ifdef WINDOWS32
          {
            HANDLE hPID;
            int err;

            /* wait for anything to finish */
            if (hPID = process_wait_for_any()) {

              /* was an error found on this process? */
              err = process_last_err(hPID);

              /* get exit data */
              exit_code = process_exit_code(hPID);

              if (err)
                fprintf(stderr, "make (e=%d): %s",
                  exit_code, map_windows32_error_to_string(exit_code));

              /* signal */
              exit_sig = process_signal(hPID);

              /* cleanup process */
              process_cleanup(hPID);

              coredump = 0;
            }
            pid = (int) hPID;
          }
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */
	}

      /* Check if this is the child of the `shell' function.  */
      if (!remote && pid == shell_function_pid)
	{
	  /* It is.  Leave an indicator for the `shell' function.  */
	  if (exit_sig == 0 && exit_code == 127)
	    shell_function_completed = -1;
	  else
	    shell_function_completed = 1;
	  break;
	}

      child_failed = exit_sig != 0 || exit_code != 0;

      /* Search for a child matching the deceased one.  */
      lastc = 0;
      for (c = children; c != 0; lastc = c, c = c->next)
	if (c->remote == remote && c->pid == pid)
	  break;

      if (c == 0)
        /* An unknown child died.
           Ignore it; it was inherited from our invoker.  */
        continue;

      DB (DB_JOBS, (child_failed
                    ? _("Reaping losing child 0x%08lx PID %ld %s\n")
                    : _("Reaping winning child 0x%08lx PID %ld %s\n"),
                    (unsigned long int) c, (long) c->pid,
                    c->remote ? _(" (remote)") : ""));

      if (c->sh_batch_file) {
        DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Cleaning up temp batch file %s\n"),
                      c->sh_batch_file));

        /* just try and remove, don't care if this fails */
        remove (c->sh_batch_file);

        /* all done with memory */
        free (c->sh_batch_file);
        c->sh_batch_file = NULL;
      }

      /* If this child had the good stdin, say it is now free.  */
      if (c->good_stdin)
        good_stdin_used = 0;

      if (child_failed && !c->noerror && !ignore_errors_flag)
        {
          /* The commands failed.  Write an error message,
             delete non-precious targets, and abort.  */
          static int delete_on_error = -1;
          child_error (c->file->name, exit_code, exit_sig, coredump, 0);
          c->file->update_status = 2;
          if (delete_on_error == -1)
            {
              struct file *f = lookup_file (".DELETE_ON_ERROR");
              delete_on_error = f != 0 && f->is_target;
            }
          if (exit_sig != 0 || delete_on_error)
            delete_child_targets (c);
        }
      else
        {
          if (child_failed)
            {
              /* The commands failed, but we don't care.  */
              child_error (c->file->name,
                           exit_code, exit_sig, coredump, 1);
              child_failed = 0;
            }

          /* If there are more commands to run, try to start them.  */
          if (job_next_command (c))
            {
              if (handling_fatal_signal)
                {
                  /* Never start new commands while we are dying.
                     Since there are more commands that wanted to be run,
                     the target was not completely remade.  So we treat
                     this as if a command had failed.  */
                  c->file->update_status = 2;
                }
              else
                {
                  /* Check again whether to start remotely.
                     Whether or not we want to changes over time.
                     Also, start_remote_job may need state set up
                     by start_remote_job_p.  */
                  c->remote = start_remote_job_p (0);
                  start_job_command (c);
                  /* Fatal signals are left blocked in case we were
                     about to put that child on the chain.  But it is
                     already there, so it is safe for a fatal signal to
                     arrive now; it will clean up this child's targets.  */
                  unblock_sigs ();
                  if (c->file->command_state == cs_running)
                    /* We successfully started the new command.
                       Loop to reap more children.  */
                    continue;
                }

              if (c->file->update_status != 0)
                /* We failed to start the commands.  */
                delete_child_targets (c);
            }
          else
            /* There are no more commands.  We got through them all
               without an unignored error.  Now the target has been
               successfully updated.  */
            c->file->update_status = 0;
        }

      /* When we get here, all the commands for C->file are finished
         (or aborted) and C->file->update_status contains 0 or 2.  But
         C->file->command_state is still cs_running if all the commands
         ran; notice_finish_file looks for cs_running to tell it that
         it's interesting to check the file's modtime again now.  */

      if (! handling_fatal_signal)
        /* Notice if the target of the commands has been changed.
           This also propagates its values for command_state and
           update_status to its also_make files.  */
        notice_finished_file (c->file);

      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Removing child 0x%08lx PID %ld %s from chain.\n"),
                    (unsigned long int) c, (long) c->pid,
                    c->remote ? _(" (remote)") : ""));

      /* Block fatal signals while frobnicating the list, so that
         children and job_slots_used are always consistent.  Otherwise
         a fatal signal arriving after the child is off the chain and
         before job_slots_used is decremented would believe a child was
         live and call reap_children again.  */
      block_sigs ();

      /* There is now another slot open.  */
      if (job_slots_used > 0)
        --job_slots_used;

      /* Remove the child from the chain and free it.  */
      if (lastc == 0)
        children = c->next;
      else
        lastc->next = c->next;

      free_child (c);

      unblock_sigs ();

      /* If the job failed, and the -k flag was not given, die,
         unless we are already in the process of dying.  */
      if (!err && child_failed && !keep_going_flag &&
          /* fatal_error_signal will die with the right signal.  */
          !handling_fatal_signal)
        die (2);

      /* Only block for one child.  */
      block = 0;
    }

  return;
}

/* Free the storage allocated for CHILD.  */

static void
free_child (child)
     register struct child *child;
{
  /* If this child is the only one it was our "free" job, so don't put a
     token back for it.  This child has already been removed from the list,
     so if there any left this wasn't the last one.  */

  if (job_fds[1] >= 0 && children)
    {
      char token = '+';

      /* Write a job token back to the pipe.  */

      while (write (job_fds[1], &token, 1) != 1)
        if (!EINTR_SET)
          pfatal_with_name (_("write jobserver"));

      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Released token for child 0x%08lx (%s).\n"),
                    (unsigned long int) child, child->file->name));
    }

  if (handling_fatal_signal) /* Don't bother free'ing if about to die.  */
    return;

  if (child->command_lines != 0)
    {
      register unsigned int i;
      for (i = 0; i < child->file->cmds->ncommand_lines; ++i)
	free (child->command_lines[i]);
      free ((char *) child->command_lines);
    }

  if (child->environment != 0)
    {
      register char **ep = child->environment;
      while (*ep != 0)
	free (*ep++);
      free ((char *) child->environment);
    }

  free ((char *) child);
}

#ifdef POSIX
extern sigset_t fatal_signal_set;
#endif

void
block_sigs ()
{
#ifdef POSIX
  (void) sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &fatal_signal_set, (sigset_t *) 0);
#else
# ifdef HAVE_SIGSETMASK
  (void) sigblock (fatal_signal_mask);
# endif
#endif
}

#ifdef	POSIX
void
unblock_sigs ()
{
  sigset_t empty;
  sigemptyset (&empty);
  sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &empty, (sigset_t *) 0);
}
#endif

/* Start a job to run the commands specified in CHILD.
   CHILD is updated to reflect the commands and ID of the child process.

   NOTE: On return fatal signals are blocked!  The caller is responsible
   for calling `unblock_sigs', once the new child is safely on the chain so
   it can be cleaned up in the event of a fatal signal.  */

static void
start_job_command (child)
     register struct child *child;
{
#ifndef _AMIGA
  static int bad_stdin = -1;
#endif
  register char *p;
  int flags;
#ifdef VMS
  char *argv;
#else
  char **argv;
#endif

  /* If we have a completely empty commandset, stop now.  */
  if (!child->command_ptr)
    goto next_command;

  /* Combine the flags parsed for the line itself with
     the flags specified globally for this target.  */
  flags = (child->file->command_flags
	   | child->file->cmds->lines_flags[child->command_line - 1]);

  p = child->command_ptr;
  child->noerror = flags & COMMANDS_NOERROR;

  while (*p != '\0')
    {
      if (*p == '@')
	flags |= COMMANDS_SILENT;
      else if (*p == '+')
	flags |= COMMANDS_RECURSE;
      else if (*p == '-')
	child->noerror = 1;
      else if (!isblank ((unsigned char)*p))
	break;
      ++p;
    }

  /* Update the file's command flags with any new ones we found.  */
  child->file->cmds->lines_flags[child->command_line - 1] |= flags;

  /* Figure out an argument list from this command line.  */

  {
    char *end = 0;
#ifdef VMS
    argv = p;
#else
    argv = construct_command_argv (p, &end, child->file, &child->sh_batch_file);
#endif
    if (end == NULL)
      child->command_ptr = NULL;
    else
      {
	*end++ = '\0';
	child->command_ptr = end;
      }
  }

  /* If -q was given, say that updating `failed' if there was any text on the
     command line, or `succeeded' otherwise.  The exit status of 1 tells the
     user that -q is saying `something to do'; the exit status for a random
     error is 2.  */
  if (argv != 0 && question_flag && !(flags & COMMANDS_RECURSE))
    {
#ifndef VMS
      free (argv[0]);
      free ((char *) argv);
#endif
      child->file->update_status = 1;
      notice_finished_file (child->file);
      return;
    }

  if (touch_flag && !(flags & COMMANDS_RECURSE))
    {
      /* Go on to the next command.  It might be the recursive one.
	 We construct ARGV only to find the end of the command line.  */
#ifndef VMS
      if (argv)
        {
          free (argv[0]);
          free ((char *) argv);
        }
#endif
      argv = 0;
    }

  if (argv == 0)
    {
    next_command:
#ifdef __MSDOS__
      execute_by_shell = 0;   /* in case construct_command_argv sets it */
#endif
      /* This line has no commands.  Go to the next.  */
      if (job_next_command (child))
	start_job_command (child);
      else
	{
	  /* No more commands.  Make sure we're "running"; we might not be if
             (e.g.) all commands were skipped due to -n.  */
          set_command_state (child->file, cs_running);
	  child->file->update_status = 0;
	  notice_finished_file (child->file);
	}
      return;
    }

  /* Print out the command.  If silent, we call `message' with null so it
     can log the working directory before the command's own error messages
     appear.  */

  message (0, (just_print_flag || (!(flags & COMMANDS_SILENT) && !silent_flag))
	   ? "%s" : (char *) 0, p);

  /* Tell update_goal_chain that a command has been started on behalf of
     this target.  It is important that this happens here and not in
     reap_children (where we used to do it), because reap_children might be
     reaping children from a different target.  We want this increment to
     guaranteedly indicate that a command was started for the dependency
     chain (i.e., update_file recursion chain) we are processing.  */

  ++commands_started;

  /* Optimize an empty command.  People use this for timestamp rules,
     so avoid forking a useless shell.  Do this after we increment
     commands_started so make still treats this special case as if it
     performed some action (makes a difference as to what messages are
     printed, etc.  */

#if !defined(VMS) && !defined(_AMIGA)
  if (
#ifdef __MSDOS__
      unixy_shell	/* the test is complicated and we already did it */
#else
      (argv[0] && !strcmp (argv[0], "/bin/sh"))
#endif
      && (argv[1]
          && argv[1][0] == '-' && argv[1][1] == 'c' && argv[1][2] == '\0')
      && (argv[2] && argv[2][0] == ':' && argv[2][1] == '\0')
      && argv[3] == NULL)
    {
      free (argv[0]);
      free ((char *) argv);
      goto next_command;
    }
#endif  /* !VMS && !_AMIGA */

  /* If -n was given, recurse to get the next line in the sequence.  */

  if (just_print_flag && !(flags & COMMANDS_RECURSE))
    {
#ifndef VMS
      free (argv[0]);
      free ((char *) argv);
#endif
      goto next_command;
    }

  /* Flush the output streams so they won't have things written twice.  */

  fflush (stdout);
  fflush (stderr);

#ifndef VMS
#if !defined(WINDOWS32) && !defined(_AMIGA) && !defined(__MSDOS__)

  /* Set up a bad standard input that reads from a broken pipe.  */

  if (bad_stdin == -1)
    {
      /* Make a file descriptor that is the read end of a broken pipe.
	 This will be used for some children's standard inputs.  */
      int pd[2];
      if (pipe (pd) == 0)
	{
	  /* Close the write side.  */
	  (void) close (pd[1]);
	  /* Save the read side.  */
	  bad_stdin = pd[0];

	  /* Set the descriptor to close on exec, so it does not litter any
	     child's descriptor table.  When it is dup2'd onto descriptor 0,
	     that descriptor will not close on exec.  */
	  CLOSE_ON_EXEC (bad_stdin);
	}
    }

#endif /* !WINDOWS32 && !_AMIGA && !__MSDOS__ */

  /* Decide whether to give this child the `good' standard input
     (one that points to the terminal or whatever), or the `bad' one
     that points to the read side of a broken pipe.  */

  child->good_stdin = !good_stdin_used;
  if (child->good_stdin)
    good_stdin_used = 1;

#endif /* !VMS */

  child->deleted = 0;

#ifndef _AMIGA
  /* Set up the environment for the child.  */
  if (child->environment == 0)
    child->environment = target_environment (child->file);
#endif

#if !defined(__MSDOS__) && !defined(_AMIGA) && !defined(WINDOWS32)

#ifndef VMS
  /* start_waiting_job has set CHILD->remote if we can start a remote job.  */
  if (child->remote)
    {
      int is_remote, id, used_stdin;
      if (start_remote_job (argv, child->environment,
			    child->good_stdin ? 0 : bad_stdin,
			    &is_remote, &id, &used_stdin))
        /* Don't give up; remote execution may fail for various reasons.  If
           so, simply run the job locally.  */
	goto run_local;
      else
	{
	  if (child->good_stdin && !used_stdin)
	    {
	      child->good_stdin = 0;
	      good_stdin_used = 0;
	    }
	  child->remote = is_remote;
	  child->pid = id;
	}
    }
  else
#endif /* !VMS */
    {
      /* Fork the child process.  */

      char **parent_environ;

    run_local:
      block_sigs ();

      child->remote = 0;

#ifdef VMS

      if (!child_execute_job (argv, child)) {
        /* Fork failed!  */
        perror_with_name ("vfork", "");
        goto error;
      }

#else

      parent_environ = environ;
      child->pid = vfork ();
      environ = parent_environ;	/* Restore value child may have clobbered.  */
      if (child->pid == 0)
	{
	  /* We are the child side.  */
	  unblock_sigs ();

          /* If we aren't running a recursive command and we have a jobserver
             pipe, close it before exec'ing.  */
          if (!(flags & COMMANDS_RECURSE) && job_fds[0] >= 0)
            {
              close (job_fds[0]);
              close (job_fds[1]);
            }
          if (job_rfd >= 0)
            close (job_rfd);

	  child_execute_job (child->good_stdin ? 0 : bad_stdin, 1,
                             argv, child->environment);
	}
      else if (child->pid < 0)
	{
	  /* Fork failed!  */
	  unblock_sigs ();
	  perror_with_name ("vfork", "");
	  goto error;
	}
#endif /* !VMS */
    }

#else	/* __MSDOS__ or Amiga or WINDOWS32 */
#ifdef __MSDOS__
  {
    int proc_return;

    block_sigs ();
    dos_status = 0;

    /* We call `system' to do the job of the SHELL, since stock DOS
       shell is too dumb.  Our `system' knows how to handle long
       command lines even if pipes/redirection is needed; it will only
       call COMMAND.COM when its internal commands are used.  */
    if (execute_by_shell)
      {
	char *cmdline = argv[0];
	/* We don't have a way to pass environment to `system',
	   so we need to save and restore ours, sigh...  */
	char **parent_environ = environ;

	environ = child->environment;

	/* If we have a *real* shell, tell `system' to call
	   it to do everything for us.  */
	if (unixy_shell)
	  {
	    /* A *real* shell on MSDOS may not support long
	       command lines the DJGPP way, so we must use `system'.  */
	    cmdline = argv[2];	/* get past "shell -c" */
	  }

	dos_command_running = 1;
	proc_return = system (cmdline);
	environ = parent_environ;
	execute_by_shell = 0;	/* for the next time */
      }
    else
      {
	dos_command_running = 1;
	proc_return = spawnvpe (P_WAIT, argv[0], argv, child->environment);
      }

    /* Need to unblock signals before turning off
       dos_command_running, so that child's signals
       will be treated as such (see fatal_error_signal).  */
    unblock_sigs ();
    dos_command_running = 0;

    /* If the child got a signal, dos_status has its
       high 8 bits set, so be careful not to alter them.  */
    if (proc_return == -1)
      dos_status |= 0xff;
    else
      dos_status |= (proc_return & 0xff);
    ++dead_children;
    child->pid = dos_pid++;
  }
#endif /* __MSDOS__ */
#ifdef _AMIGA
  amiga_status = MyExecute (argv);

  ++dead_children;
  child->pid = amiga_pid++;
  if (amiga_batch_file)
  {
     amiga_batch_file = 0;
     DeleteFile (amiga_bname);        /* Ignore errors.  */
  }
#endif	/* Amiga */
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  {
      HANDLE hPID;
      char* arg0;

      /* make UNC paths safe for CreateProcess -- backslash format */
      arg0 = argv[0];
      if (arg0 && arg0[0] == '/' && arg0[1] == '/')
        for ( ; arg0 && *arg0; arg0++)
          if (*arg0 == '/')
            *arg0 = '\\';

      /* make sure CreateProcess() has Path it needs */
      sync_Path_environment();

      hPID = process_easy(argv, child->environment);

      if (hPID != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        child->pid = (int) hPID;
      else {
        int i;
        unblock_sigs();
        fprintf(stderr,
          _("process_easy() failed failed to launch process (e=%d)\n"),
          process_last_err(hPID));
               for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
                 fprintf(stderr, "%s ", argv[i]);
               fprintf(stderr, _("\nCounted %d args in failed launch\n"), i);
      }
  }
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */
#endif	/* __MSDOS__ or Amiga or WINDOWS32 */

  /* We are the parent side.  Set the state to
     say the commands are running and return.  */

  set_command_state (child->file, cs_running);

  /* Free the storage used by the child's argument list.  */
#ifndef VMS
  free (argv[0]);
  free ((char *) argv);
#endif

  return;

 error:
  child->file->update_status = 2;
  notice_finished_file (child->file);
  return;
}

/* Try to start a child running.
   Returns nonzero if the child was started (and maybe finished), or zero if
   the load was too high and the child was put on the `waiting_jobs' chain.  */

static int
start_waiting_job (c)
     struct child *c;
{
  struct file *f = c->file;

  /* If we can start a job remotely, we always want to, and don't care about
     the local load average.  We record that the job should be started
     remotely in C->remote for start_job_command to test.  */

  c->remote = start_remote_job_p (1);

  /* If we are running at least one job already and the load average
     is too high, make this one wait.  */
  if (!c->remote && job_slots_used > 0 && load_too_high ())
    {
      /* Put this child on the chain of children waiting for the load average
         to go down.  */
      set_command_state (f, cs_running);
      c->next = waiting_jobs;
      waiting_jobs = c;
      return 0;
    }

  /* Start the first command; reap_children will run later command lines.  */
  start_job_command (c);

  switch (f->command_state)
    {
    case cs_running:
      c->next = children;
      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Putting child 0x%08lx (%s) PID %ld%s on the chain.\n"),
                    (unsigned long int) c, c->file->name,
                    (long) c->pid, c->remote ? _(" (remote)") : ""));
      children = c;
      /* One more job slot is in use.  */
      ++job_slots_used;
      unblock_sigs ();
      break;

    case cs_not_started:
      /* All the command lines turned out to be empty.  */
      f->update_status = 0;
      /* FALLTHROUGH */

    case cs_finished:
      notice_finished_file (f);
      free_child (c);
      break;

    default:
      assert (f->command_state == cs_finished);
      break;
    }

  return 1;
}

/* Create a `struct child' for FILE and start its commands running.  */

void
new_job (file)
     register struct file *file;
{
  register struct commands *cmds = file->cmds;
  register struct child *c;
  char **lines;
  register unsigned int i;

  /* Let any previously decided-upon jobs that are waiting
     for the load to go down start before this new one.  */
  start_waiting_jobs ();

  /* Reap any children that might have finished recently.  */
  reap_children (0, 0);

  /* Chop the commands up into lines if they aren't already.  */
  chop_commands (cmds);

  /* Expand the command lines and store the results in LINES.  */
  lines = (char **) xmalloc (cmds->ncommand_lines * sizeof (char *));
  for (i = 0; i < cmds->ncommand_lines; ++i)
    {
      /* Collapse backslash-newline combinations that are inside variable
	 or function references.  These are left alone by the parser so
	 that they will appear in the echoing of commands (where they look
	 nice); and collapsed by construct_command_argv when it tokenizes.
	 But letting them survive inside function invocations loses because
	 we don't want the functions to see them as part of the text.  */

      char *in, *out, *ref;

      /* IN points to where in the line we are scanning.
	 OUT points to where in the line we are writing.
	 When we collapse a backslash-newline combination,
	 IN gets ahead of OUT.  */

      in = out = cmds->command_lines[i];
      while ((ref = strchr (in, '$')) != 0)
	{
	  ++ref;		/* Move past the $.  */

	  if (out != in)
	    /* Copy the text between the end of the last chunk
	       we processed (where IN points) and the new chunk
	       we are about to process (where REF points).  */
	    bcopy (in, out, ref - in);

	  /* Move both pointers past the boring stuff.  */
	  out += ref - in;
	  in = ref;

	  if (*ref == '(' || *ref == '{')
	    {
	      char openparen = *ref;
	      char closeparen = openparen == '(' ? ')' : '}';
	      int count;
	      char *p;

	      *out++ = *in++;	/* Copy OPENPAREN.  */
	      /* IN now points past the opening paren or brace.
		 Count parens or braces until it is matched.  */
	      count = 0;
	      while (*in != '\0')
		{
		  if (*in == closeparen && --count < 0)
		    break;
		  else if (*in == '\\' && in[1] == '\n')
		    {
		      /* We have found a backslash-newline inside a
			 variable or function reference.  Eat it and
			 any following whitespace.  */

		      int quoted = 0;
		      for (p = in - 1; p > ref && *p == '\\'; --p)
			quoted = !quoted;

		      if (quoted)
			/* There were two or more backslashes, so this is
			   not really a continuation line.  We don't collapse
			   the quoting backslashes here as is done in
			   collapse_continuations, because the line will
			   be collapsed again after expansion.  */
			*out++ = *in++;
		      else
			{
			  /* Skip the backslash, newline and
			     any following whitespace.  */
			  in = next_token (in + 2);

			  /* Discard any preceding whitespace that has
			     already been written to the output.  */
			  while (out > ref
				 && isblank ((unsigned char)out[-1]))
			    --out;

			  /* Replace it all with a single space.  */
			  *out++ = ' ';
			}
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      if (*in == openparen)
			++count;

		      *out++ = *in++;
		    }
		}
	    }
	}

      /* There are no more references in this line to worry about.
	 Copy the remaining uninteresting text to the output.  */
      if (out != in)
	strcpy (out, in);

      /* Finally, expand the line.  */
      lines[i] = allocated_variable_expand_for_file (cmds->command_lines[i],
						     file);
    }

  /* Start the command sequence, record it in a new
     `struct child', and add that to the chain.  */

  c = (struct child *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct child));
  bzero ((char *)c, sizeof (struct child));
  c->file = file;
  c->command_lines = lines;
  c->sh_batch_file = NULL;

  /* Fetch the first command line to be run.  */
  job_next_command (c);

  /* Wait for a job slot to be freed up.  If we allow an infinite number
     don't bother; also job_slots will == 0 if we're using the jobserver.  */

  if (job_slots != 0)
    while (job_slots_used == job_slots)
      reap_children (1, 0);

#ifdef MAKE_JOBSERVER
  /* If we are controlling multiple jobs make sure we have a token before
     starting the child. */

  /* This can be inefficient.  There's a decent chance that this job won't
     actually have to run any subprocesses: the command script may be empty
     or otherwise optimized away.  It would be nice if we could defer
     obtaining a token until just before we need it, in start_job_command.
     To do that we'd need to keep track of whether we'd already obtained a
     token (since start_job_command is called for each line of the job, not
     just once).  Also more thought needs to go into the entire algorithm;
     this is where the old parallel job code waits, so...  */

  else if (job_fds[0] >= 0)
    while (1)
      {
        char token;

        /* If we don't already have a job started, use our "free" token.  */
        if (!children)
          break;

        /* Read a token.  As long as there's no token available we'll block.
           If we get a SIGCHLD we'll return with EINTR.  If one happened
           before we got here we'll return immediately with EBADF because
           the signal handler closes the dup'd file descriptor.  */

        if (read (job_rfd, &token, 1) == 1)
          {
            DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Obtained token for child 0x%08lx (%s).\n"),
                          (unsigned long int) c, c->file->name));
            break;
          }

        if (errno != EINTR && errno != EBADF)
          pfatal_with_name (_("read jobs pipe"));

        /* Re-dup the read side of the pipe, so the signal handler can
           notify us if we miss a child.  */
        if (job_rfd < 0)
          job_rfd = dup (job_fds[0]);

        /* Something's done.  We don't want to block for a whole child,
           just reap whatever's there.  */
        reap_children (0, 0);
      }
#endif

  /* The job is now primed.  Start it running.
     (This will notice if there are in fact no commands.)  */
  (void) start_waiting_job (c);

  if (job_slots == 1 || not_parallel)
    /* Since there is only one job slot, make things run linearly.
       Wait for the child to die, setting the state to `cs_finished'.  */
    while (file->command_state == cs_running)
      reap_children (1, 0);

  return;
}

/* Move CHILD's pointers to the next command for it to execute.
   Returns nonzero if there is another command.  */

static int
job_next_command (child)
     struct child *child;
{
  while (child->command_ptr == 0 || *child->command_ptr == '\0')
    {
      /* There are no more lines in the expansion of this line.  */
      if (child->command_line == child->file->cmds->ncommand_lines)
	{
	  /* There are no more lines to be expanded.  */
	  child->command_ptr = 0;
	  return 0;
	}
      else
	/* Get the next line to run.  */
	child->command_ptr = child->command_lines[child->command_line++];
    }
  return 1;
}

static int
load_too_high ()
{
#if defined(__MSDOS__) || defined(VMS) || defined(_AMIGA)
  return 1;
#else
  double load;

  if (max_load_average < 0)
    return 0;

  make_access ();
  if (getloadavg (&load, 1) != 1)
    {
      static int lossage = -1;
      /* Complain only once for the same error.  */
      if (lossage == -1 || errno != lossage)
	{
	  if (errno == 0)
	    /* An errno value of zero means getloadavg is just unsupported.  */
	    error (NILF,
                   _("cannot enforce load limits on this operating system"));
	  else
	    perror_with_name (_("cannot enforce load limit: "), "getloadavg");
	}
      lossage = errno;
      load = 0;
    }
  user_access ();

  return load >= max_load_average;
#endif
}

/* Start jobs that are waiting for the load to be lower.  */

void
start_waiting_jobs ()
{
  struct child *job;

  if (waiting_jobs == 0)
    return;

  do
    {
      /* Check for recently deceased descendants.  */
      reap_children (0, 0);

      /* Take a job off the waiting list.  */
      job = waiting_jobs;
      waiting_jobs = job->next;

      /* Try to start that job.  We break out of the loop as soon
	 as start_waiting_job puts one back on the waiting list.  */
    }
  while (start_waiting_job (job) && waiting_jobs != 0);

  return;
}

#ifndef WINDOWS32
#ifdef VMS
#include <descrip.h>
#include <clidef.h>

/* This is called as an AST when a child process dies (it won't get
   interrupted by anything except a higher level AST).
*/
int vmsHandleChildTerm(struct child *child)
{
    int status;
    register struct child *lastc, *c;
    int child_failed;

    vms_jobsefnmask &= ~(1 << (child->efn - 32));

    lib$free_ef(&child->efn);

    (void) sigblock (fatal_signal_mask);

    child_failed = !(child->cstatus & 1 || ((child->cstatus & 7) == 0));

    /* Search for a child matching the deceased one.  */
    lastc = 0;
#if defined(RECURSIVEJOBS) /* I've had problems with recursive stuff and process handling */
    for (c = children; c != 0 && c != child; lastc = c, c = c->next);
#else
    c = child;
#endif

    if (child_failed && !c->noerror && !ignore_errors_flag)
      {
	/* The commands failed.  Write an error message,
	   delete non-precious targets, and abort.  */
	child_error (c->file->name, c->cstatus, 0, 0, 0);
	c->file->update_status = 1;
	delete_child_targets (c);
      }
    else
      {
	if (child_failed)
	  {
	    /* The commands failed, but we don't care.  */
	    child_error (c->file->name, c->cstatus, 0, 0, 1);
	    child_failed = 0;
	  }

#if defined(RECURSIVEJOBS) /* I've had problems with recursive stuff and process handling */
	/* If there are more commands to run, try to start them.  */
	start_job (c);

	switch (c->file->command_state)
	  {
	  case cs_running:
	    /* Successfully started.  */
	    break;

	  case cs_finished:
	    if (c->file->update_status != 0) {
		/* We failed to start the commands.  */
		delete_child_targets (c);
	    }
	    break;

	  default:
	    error (NILF, _("internal error: `%s' command_state"),
                   c->file->name);
	    abort ();
	    break;
	  }
#endif /* RECURSIVEJOBS */
      }

    /* Set the state flag to say the commands have finished.  */
    c->file->command_state = cs_finished;
    notice_finished_file (c->file);

#if defined(RECURSIVEJOBS) /* I've had problems with recursive stuff and process handling */
    /* Remove the child from the chain and free it.  */
    if (lastc == 0)
      children = c->next;
    else
      lastc->next = c->next;
    free_child (c);
#endif /* RECURSIVEJOBS */

    /* There is now another slot open.  */
    if (job_slots_used > 0)
      --job_slots_used;

    /* If the job failed, and the -k flag was not given, die.  */
    if (child_failed && !keep_going_flag)
      die (EXIT_FAILURE);

    (void) sigsetmask (sigblock (0) & ~(fatal_signal_mask));

    return 1;
}

/* VMS:
   Spawn a process executing the command in ARGV and return its pid. */

#define MAXCMDLEN 200

/* local helpers to make ctrl+c and ctrl+y working, see below */
#include <iodef.h>
#include <libclidef.h>
#include <ssdef.h>

static int ctrlMask= LIB$M_CLI_CTRLY;
static int oldCtrlMask;
static int setupYAstTried= 0;
static int pidToAbort= 0;
static int chan= 0;

static void reEnableAst(void) {
	lib$enable_ctrl (&oldCtrlMask,0);
}

static astHandler (void) {
	if (pidToAbort) {
		sys$forcex (&pidToAbort, 0, SS$_ABORT);
		pidToAbort= 0;
	}
	kill (getpid(),SIGQUIT);
}

static void tryToSetupYAst(void) {
	$DESCRIPTOR(inputDsc,"SYS$COMMAND");
	int	status;
	struct {
		short int	status, count;
		int	dvi;
	} iosb;

	setupYAstTried++;

	if (!chan) {
		status= sys$assign(&inputDsc,&chan,0,0);
		if (!(status&SS$_NORMAL)) {
			lib$signal(status);
			return;
		}
	}
	status= sys$qiow (0, chan, IO$_SETMODE|IO$M_CTRLYAST,&iosb,0,0,
		astHandler,0,0,0,0,0);
	if (status==SS$_ILLIOFUNC) {
		sys$dassgn(chan);
#ifdef	CTRLY_ENABLED_ANYWAY
		fprintf (stderr,
                         _("-warning, CTRL-Y will leave sub-process(es) around.\n"));
#else
		return;
#endif
	}
	if (status==SS$_NORMAL)
		status= iosb.status;
	if (!(status&SS$_NORMAL)) {
		lib$signal(status);
		return;
	}

	/* called from AST handler ? */
	if (setupYAstTried>1)
		return;
	if (atexit(reEnableAst))
		fprintf (stderr,
                         _("-warning, you may have to re-enable CTRL-Y handling from DCL.\n"));
	status= lib$disable_ctrl (&ctrlMask, &oldCtrlMask);
	if (!(status&SS$_NORMAL)) {
		lib$signal(status);
		return;
	}
}
int
child_execute_job (argv, child)
     char *argv;
     struct child *child;
{
  int i;
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s cmddsc;
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s pnamedsc;
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s ifiledsc;
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s ofiledsc;
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s efiledsc;
  int have_redirection = 0;
  int have_newline = 0;

  int spflags = CLI$M_NOWAIT;
  int status;
  char *cmd = alloca (strlen (argv) + 512), *p, *q;
  char ifile[256], ofile[256], efile[256];
  char *comname = 0;
  char procname[100];

  /* Parse IO redirection.  */

  ifile[0] = 0;
  ofile[0] = 0;
  efile[0] = 0;

  DB (DB_JOBS, ("child_execute_job (%s)\n", argv));

  while (isspace ((unsigned char)*argv))
    argv++;

  if (*argv == 0)
    return 0;

  sprintf (procname, "GMAKE_%05x", getpid () & 0xfffff);
  pnamedsc.dsc$w_length = strlen(procname);
  pnamedsc.dsc$a_pointer = procname;
  pnamedsc.dsc$b_dtype = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
  pnamedsc.dsc$b_class = DSC$K_CLASS_S;

  /* Handle comments and redirection. */
  for (p = argv, q = cmd; *p; p++, q++)
    {
      switch (*p)
	{
	  case '#':
	    *p-- = 0;
	    *q-- = 0;
	    break;
	  case '\\':
	    p++;
	    if (*p == '\n')
	      p++;
	    if (isspace ((unsigned char)*p))
	      {
		do { p++; } while (isspace ((unsigned char)*p));
		p--;
	      }
	    *q = *p;
	    break;
	  case '<':
	    p = vms_redirect (&ifiledsc, ifile, p);
	    *q = ' ';
	    have_redirection = 1;
	    break;
	  case '>':
	    have_redirection = 1;
	    if (*(p-1) == '2')
	      {
		q--;
		if (strncmp (p, ">&1", 3) == 0)
		  {
		    p += 3;
		    strcpy (efile, "sys$output");
		    efiledsc.dsc$w_length = strlen(efile);
		    efiledsc.dsc$a_pointer = efile;
		    efiledsc.dsc$b_dtype = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
		    efiledsc.dsc$b_class = DSC$K_CLASS_S;
		  }
		else
		  {
		    p = vms_redirect (&efiledsc, efile, p);
		  }
	      }
	    else
	      {
		p = vms_redirect (&ofiledsc, ofile, p);
	      }
	    *q = ' ';
	    break;
	  case '\n':
	    have_newline = 1;
	  default:
	    *q = *p;
	    break;
	}
    }
  *q = *p;

  if (strncmp (cmd, "builtin_", 8) == 0)
    {
      child->pid = 270163;
      child->efn = 0;
      child->cstatus = 1;

      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("BUILTIN [%s][%s]\n"), cmd, cmd+8));

      p = cmd + 8;

      if ((*(p) == 'c')
	  && (*(p+1) == 'd')
	  && ((*(p+2) == ' ') || (*(p+2) == '\t')))
	{
	  p += 3;
	  while ((*p == ' ') || (*p == '\t'))
	    p++;
	  DB (DB_JOBS, (_("BUILTIN CD %s\n"), p));
	  if (chdir (p))
	    return 0;
	  else
	    return 1;
	}
      else if ((*(p) == 'r')
	  && (*(p+1) == 'm')
	  && ((*(p+2) == ' ') || (*(p+2) == '\t')))
	{
	  int in_arg;

	  /* rm  */
	  p += 3;
	  while ((*p == ' ') || (*p == '\t'))
	    p++;
	  in_arg = 1;

	  DB (DB_JOBS, (_("BUILTIN RM %s\n"), p));
	  while (*p)
	    {
	      switch (*p)
		{
		  case ' ':
		  case '\t':
		    if (in_arg)
		      {
			*p++ = ';';
			in_arg = 0;
		      }
		    break;
		  default:
		    break;
		}
	      p++;
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  printf(_("Unknown builtin command '%s'\n"), cmd);
	  fflush(stdout);
	  return 0;
	}
    }

  /* Create a *.com file if either the command is too long for
     lib$spawn, or the command contains a newline, or if redirection
     is desired. Forcing commands with newlines into DCLs allows to
     store search lists on user mode logicals.  */

  if (strlen (cmd) > MAXCMDLEN
      || (have_redirection != 0)
      || (have_newline != 0))
    {
      FILE *outfile;
      char c;
      char *sep;
      int alevel = 0;	/* apostrophe level */

      if (strlen (cmd) == 0)
	{
	  printf (_("Error, empty command\n"));
	  fflush (stdout);
	  return 0;
	}

      outfile = open_tmpfile (&comname, "sys$scratch:CMDXXXXXX.COM");
      if (outfile == 0)
	pfatal_with_name (_("fopen (temporary file)"));

      if (ifile[0])
	{
	  fprintf (outfile, "$ assign/user %s sys$input\n", ifile);
          DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Redirected input from %s\n"), ifile));
	  ifiledsc.dsc$w_length = 0;
	}

      if (efile[0])
	{
	  fprintf (outfile, "$ define sys$error %s\n", efile);
          DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Redirected error to %s\n"), efile));
	  efiledsc.dsc$w_length = 0;
	}

      if (ofile[0])
	{
	  fprintf (outfile, "$ define sys$output %s\n", ofile);
	  DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Redirected output to %s\n"), ofile));
	  ofiledsc.dsc$w_length = 0;
	}

      p = sep = q = cmd;
      for (c = '\n'; c; c = *q++)
	{
	  switch (c)
	    {
            case '\n':
              /* At a newline, skip any whitespace around a leading $
                 from the command and issue exactly one $ into the DCL. */
              while (isspace ((unsigned char)*p))
                p++;
              if (*p == '$')
                p++;
              while (isspace ((unsigned char)*p))
                p++;
              fwrite (p, 1, q - p, outfile);
              fputc ('$', outfile);
              fputc (' ', outfile);
              /* Reset variables. */
              p = sep = q;
              break;

	      /* Nice places for line breaks are after strings, after
		 comma or space and before slash. */
            case '"':
              q = handle_apos (q + 1);
              sep = q;
              break;
            case ',':
            case ' ':
              sep = q;
              break;
            case '/':
            case '\0':
              sep = q - 1;
              break;
            default:
              break;
	    }
	  if (sep - p > 78)
	    {
	      /* Enough stuff for a line. */
	      fwrite (p, 1, sep - p, outfile);
	      p = sep;
	      if (*sep)
		{
		  /* The command continues.  */
		  fputc ('-', outfile);
		}
	      fputc ('\n', outfile);
	    }
  	}

      fwrite (p, 1, q - p, outfile);
      fputc ('\n', outfile);

      fclose (outfile);

      sprintf (cmd, "$ @%s", comname);

      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Executing %s instead\n"), cmd));
    }

  cmddsc.dsc$w_length = strlen(cmd);
  cmddsc.dsc$a_pointer = cmd;
  cmddsc.dsc$b_dtype = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
  cmddsc.dsc$b_class = DSC$K_CLASS_S;

  child->efn = 0;
  while (child->efn < 32 || child->efn > 63)
    {
      status = lib$get_ef ((unsigned long *)&child->efn);
      if (!(status & 1))
	return 0;
    }

  sys$clref (child->efn);

  vms_jobsefnmask |= (1 << (child->efn - 32));

/*
             LIB$SPAWN  [command-string]
			[,input-file]
			[,output-file]
			[,flags]
			[,process-name]
			[,process-id] [,completion-status-address] [,byte-integer-event-flag-num]
			[,AST-address] [,varying-AST-argument]
			[,prompt-string] [,cli] [,table]
*/

#ifndef DONTWAITFORCHILD
/*
 *	Code to make ctrl+c and ctrl+y working.
 *	The problem starts with the synchronous case where after lib$spawn is
 *	called any input will go to the child. But with input re-directed,
 *	both control characters won't make it to any of the programs, neither
 *	the spawning nor to the spawned one. Hence the caller needs to spawn
 *	with CLI$M_NOWAIT to NOT give up the input focus. A sys$waitfr
 *	has to follow to simulate the wanted synchronous behaviour.
 *	The next problem is ctrl+y which isn't caught by the crtl and
 *	therefore isn't converted to SIGQUIT (for a signal handler which is
 *	already established). The only way to catch ctrl+y, is an AST
 *	assigned to the input channel. But ctrl+y handling of DCL needs to be
 *	disabled, otherwise it will handle it. Not to mention the previous
 *	ctrl+y handling of DCL needs to be re-established before make exits.
 *	One more: At the time of LIB$SPAWN signals are blocked. SIGQUIT will
 *	make it to the signal handler after the child "normally" terminates.
 *	This isn't enough. It seems reasonable for simple command lines like
 *	a 'cc foobar.c' spawned in a subprocess but it is unacceptable for
 *	spawning make. Therefore we need to abort the process in the AST.
 *
 *	Prior to the spawn it is checked if an AST is already set up for
 *	ctrl+y, if not one is set up for a channel to SYS$COMMAND. In general
 *	this will work except if make is run in a batch environment, but there
 *	nobody can press ctrl+y. During the setup the DCL handling of ctrl+y
 *	is disabled and an exit handler is established to re-enable it.
 *	If the user interrupts with ctrl+y, the assigned AST will fire, force
 *	an abort to the subprocess and signal SIGQUIT, which will be caught by
 *	the already established handler and will bring us back to common code.
 *	After the spawn (now /nowait) a sys$waitfr simulates the /wait and
 *	enables the ctrl+y be delivered to this code. And the ctrl+c too,
 *	which the crtl converts to SIGINT and which is caught by the common
 *	signal handler. Because signals were blocked before entering this code
 *	sys$waitfr will always complete and the SIGQUIT will be processed after
 *	it (after termination of the current block, somewhere in common code).
 *	And SIGINT too will be delayed. That is ctrl+c can only abort when the
 *	current command completes. Anyway it's better than nothing :-)
 */

  if (!setupYAstTried)
    tryToSetupYAst();
  status = lib$spawn (&cmddsc,					/* cmd-string  */
		      (ifiledsc.dsc$w_length == 0)?0:&ifiledsc, /* input-file  */
		      (ofiledsc.dsc$w_length == 0)?0:&ofiledsc, /* output-file */
		      &spflags,					/* flags  */
		      &pnamedsc,				/* proc name  */
		      &child->pid, &child->cstatus, &child->efn,
		      0, 0,
		      0, 0, 0);
  pidToAbort= child->pid;
  status= sys$waitfr (child->efn);
  pidToAbort= 0;
  vmsHandleChildTerm(child);
#else
  status = lib$spawn (&cmddsc,
		      (ifiledsc.dsc$w_length == 0)?0:&ifiledsc,
		      (ofiledsc.dsc$w_length == 0)?0:&ofiledsc,
		      &spflags,
		      &pnamedsc,
		      &child->pid, &child->cstatus, &child->efn,
		      vmsHandleChildTerm, child,
		      0, 0, 0);
#endif

  if (!(status & 1))
    {
      printf (_("Error spawning, %d\n") ,status);
      fflush (stdout);
    }

  if (comname && !ISDB (DB_JOBS))
    unlink (comname);

  return (status & 1);
}

#else /* !VMS */

#if !defined (_AMIGA) && !defined (__MSDOS__)
/* UNIX:
   Replace the current process with one executing the command in ARGV.
   STDIN_FD and STDOUT_FD are used as the process's stdin and stdout; ENVP is
   the environment of the new program.  This function does not return.  */

void
child_execute_job (stdin_fd, stdout_fd, argv, envp)
     int stdin_fd, stdout_fd;
     char **argv, **envp;
{
  if (stdin_fd != 0)
    (void) dup2 (stdin_fd, 0);
  if (stdout_fd != 1)
    (void) dup2 (stdout_fd, 1);
  if (stdin_fd != 0)
    (void) close (stdin_fd);
  if (stdout_fd != 1)
    (void) close (stdout_fd);

  /* Run the command.  */
  exec_command (argv, envp);
}
#endif /* !AMIGA && !__MSDOS__ */
#endif /* !VMS */
#endif /* !WINDOWS32 */

#ifndef _AMIGA
/* Replace the current process with one running the command in ARGV,
   with environment ENVP.  This function does not return.  */

void
exec_command (argv, envp)
     char **argv, **envp;
{
#ifdef VMS
  /* to work around a problem with signals and execve: ignore them */
#ifdef SIGCHLD
  signal (SIGCHLD,SIG_IGN);
#endif
  /* Run the program.  */
  execve (argv[0], argv, envp);
  perror_with_name ("execve: ", argv[0]);
  _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
#else
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  HANDLE hPID;
  HANDLE hWaitPID;
  int err = 0;
  int exit_code = EXIT_FAILURE;

  /* make sure CreateProcess() has Path it needs */
  sync_Path_environment();

  /* launch command */
  hPID = process_easy(argv, envp);

  /* make sure launch ok */
  if (hPID == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
      int i;
      fprintf(stderr,
              _("process_easy() failed failed to launch process (e=%d)\n"),
              process_last_err(hPID));
      for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
          fprintf(stderr, "%s ", argv[i]);
      fprintf(stderr, _("\nCounted %d args in failed launch\n"), i);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  /* wait and reap last child */
  while (hWaitPID = process_wait_for_any())
    {
      /* was an error found on this process? */
      err = process_last_err(hWaitPID);

      /* get exit data */
      exit_code = process_exit_code(hWaitPID);

      if (err)
          fprintf(stderr, "make (e=%d, rc=%d): %s",
                  err, exit_code, map_windows32_error_to_string(err));

      /* cleanup process */
      process_cleanup(hWaitPID);

      /* expect to find only last pid, warn about other pids reaped */
      if (hWaitPID == hPID)
          break;
      else
          fprintf(stderr,
                  _("make reaped child pid %d, still waiting for pid %d\n"),
                  hWaitPID, hPID);
    }

  /* return child's exit code as our exit code */
  exit(exit_code);

#else  /* !WINDOWS32 */

  /* Be the user, permanently.  */
  child_access ();

  /* Run the program.  */
  environ = envp;
  execvp (argv[0], argv);

  switch (errno)
    {
    case ENOENT:
      error (NILF, _("%s: Command not found"), argv[0]);
      break;
    case ENOEXEC:
      {
	/* The file is not executable.  Try it as a shell script.  */
	extern char *getenv ();
	char *shell;
	char **new_argv;
	int argc;

	shell = getenv ("SHELL");
	if (shell == 0)
	  shell = default_shell;

	argc = 1;
	while (argv[argc] != 0)
	  ++argc;

	new_argv = (char **) alloca ((1 + argc + 1) * sizeof (char *));
	new_argv[0] = shell;
	new_argv[1] = argv[0];
	while (argc > 0)
	  {
	    new_argv[1 + argc] = argv[argc];
	    --argc;
	  }

	execvp (shell, new_argv);
	if (errno == ENOENT)
	  error (NILF, _("%s: Shell program not found"), shell);
	else
	  perror_with_name ("execvp: ", shell);
	break;
      }

    default:
      perror_with_name ("execvp: ", argv[0]);
      break;
    }

  _exit (127);
#endif /* !WINDOWS32 */
#endif /* !VMS */
}
#else /* On Amiga */
void exec_command (argv)
     char **argv;
{
  MyExecute (argv);
}

void clean_tmp (void)
{
  DeleteFile (amiga_bname);
}

#endif /* On Amiga */

#ifndef VMS
/* Figure out the argument list necessary to run LINE as a command.  Try to
   avoid using a shell.  This routine handles only ' quoting, and " quoting
   when no backslash, $ or ` characters are seen in the quotes.  Starting
   quotes may be escaped with a backslash.  If any of the characters in
   sh_chars[] is seen, or any of the builtin commands listed in sh_cmds[]
   is the first word of a line, the shell is used.

   If RESTP is not NULL, *RESTP is set to point to the first newline in LINE.
   If *RESTP is NULL, newlines will be ignored.

   SHELL is the shell to use, or nil to use the default shell.
   IFS is the value of $IFS, or nil (meaning the default).  */

static char **
construct_command_argv_internal (line, restp, shell, ifs, batch_filename_ptr)
     char *line, **restp;
     char *shell, *ifs;
     char **batch_filename_ptr;
{
#ifdef __MSDOS__
  /* MSDOS supports both the stock DOS shell and ports of Unixy shells.
     We call `system' for anything that requires ``slow'' processing,
     because DOS shells are too dumb.  When $SHELL points to a real
     (unix-style) shell, `system' just calls it to do everything.  When
     $SHELL points to a DOS shell, `system' does most of the work
     internally, calling the shell only for its internal commands.
     However, it looks on the $PATH first, so you can e.g. have an
     external command named `mkdir'.

     Since we call `system', certain characters and commands below are
     actually not specific to COMMAND.COM, but to the DJGPP implementation
     of `system'.  In particular:

       The shell wildcard characters are in DOS_CHARS because they will
       not be expanded if we call the child via `spawnXX'.

       The `;' is in DOS_CHARS, because our `system' knows how to run
       multiple commands on a single line.

       DOS_CHARS also include characters special to 4DOS/NDOS, so we
       won't have to tell one from another and have one more set of
       commands and special characters.  */
  static char sh_chars_dos[] = "*?[];|<>%^&()";
  static char *sh_cmds_dos[] = { "break", "call", "cd", "chcp", "chdir", "cls",
				 "copy", "ctty", "date", "del", "dir", "echo",
				 "erase", "exit", "for", "goto", "if", "md",
				 "mkdir", "path", "pause", "prompt", "rd",
				 "rmdir", "rem", "ren", "rename", "set",
				 "shift", "time", "type", "ver", "verify",
				 "vol", ":", 0 };

  static char sh_chars_sh[]  = "#;\"*?[]&|<>(){}$`^";
  static char *sh_cmds_sh[]  = { "cd", "echo", "eval", "exec", "exit", "login",
				 "logout", "set", "umask", "wait", "while",
				 "for", "case", "if", ":", ".", "break",
				 "continue", "export", "read", "readonly",
				 "shift", "times", "trap", "switch", "unset",
                                 0 };

  char *sh_chars;
  char **sh_cmds;
#else
#ifdef _AMIGA
  static char sh_chars[] = "#;\"|<>()?*$`";
  static char *sh_cmds[] = { "cd", "eval", "if", "delete", "echo", "copy",
			     "rename", "set", "setenv", "date", "makedir",
			     "skip", "else", "endif", "path", "prompt",
			     "unset", "unsetenv", "version",
			     0 };
#else
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  static char sh_chars_dos[] = "\"|&<>";
  static char *sh_cmds_dos[] = { "break", "call", "cd", "chcp", "chdir", "cls",
			     "copy", "ctty", "date", "del", "dir", "echo",
			     "erase", "exit", "for", "goto", "if", "if", "md",
			     "mkdir", "path", "pause", "prompt", "rd", "rem",
                             "ren", "rename", "rmdir", "set", "shift", "time",
                             "type", "ver", "verify", "vol", ":", 0 };
  static char sh_chars_sh[] = "#;\"*?[]&|<>(){}$`^";
  static char *sh_cmds_sh[] = { "cd", "eval", "exec", "exit", "login",
			     "logout", "set", "umask", "wait", "while", "for",
			     "case", "if", ":", ".", "break", "continue",
			     "export", "read", "readonly", "shift", "times",
			     "trap", "switch", "test",
#ifdef BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL
                 "echo",
#endif
                 0 };
  char*  sh_chars;
  char** sh_cmds;
#else  /* WINDOWS32 */
  static char sh_chars[] = "#;\"*?[]&|<>(){}$`^";
  static char *sh_cmds[] = { "cd", "eval", "exec", "exit", "login",
			     "logout", "set", "umask", "wait", "while", "for",
			     "case", "if", ":", ".", "break", "continue",
			     "export", "read", "readonly", "shift", "times",
			     "trap", "switch", 0 };
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */
#endif /* Amiga */
#endif /* __MSDOS__ */
  register int i;
  register char *p;
  register char *ap;
  char *end;
  int instring, word_has_equals, seen_nonequals, last_argument_was_empty;
  char **new_argv = 0;
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  int slow_flag = 0;

  if (no_default_sh_exe) {
    sh_cmds = sh_cmds_dos;
    sh_chars = sh_chars_dos;
  } else {
    sh_cmds = sh_cmds_sh;
    sh_chars = sh_chars_sh;
  }
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */

  if (restp != NULL)
    *restp = NULL;

  /* Make sure not to bother processing an empty line.  */
  while (isblank ((unsigned char)*line))
    ++line;
  if (*line == '\0')
    return 0;

  /* See if it is safe to parse commands internally.  */
  if (shell == 0)
    shell = default_shell;
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  else if (strcmp (shell, default_shell))
  {
    char *s1 = _fullpath(NULL, shell, 0);
    char *s2 = _fullpath(NULL, default_shell, 0);

    slow_flag = strcmp((s1 ? s1 : ""), (s2 ? s2 : ""));

    if (s1)
      free (s1);
    if (s2)
      free (s2);
  }
  if (slow_flag)
    goto slow;
#else  /* not WINDOWS32 */
#ifdef __MSDOS__
  else if (stricmp (shell, default_shell))
    {
      extern int _is_unixy_shell (const char *_path);

      message (1, _("$SHELL changed (was `%s', now `%s')"), default_shell, shell);
      unixy_shell = _is_unixy_shell (shell);
      default_shell = shell;
    }
  if (unixy_shell)
    {
      sh_chars = sh_chars_sh;
      sh_cmds  = sh_cmds_sh;
    }
  else
    {
      sh_chars = sh_chars_dos;
      sh_cmds  = sh_cmds_dos;
    }
#else  /* not __MSDOS__ */
  else if (strcmp (shell, default_shell))
    goto slow;
#endif /* not __MSDOS__ */
#endif /* not WINDOWS32 */

  if (ifs != 0)
    for (ap = ifs; *ap != '\0'; ++ap)
      if (*ap != ' ' && *ap != '\t' && *ap != '\n')
	goto slow;

  i = strlen (line) + 1;

  /* More than 1 arg per character is impossible.  */
  new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (i * sizeof (char *));

  /* All the args can fit in a buffer as big as LINE is.   */
  ap = new_argv[0] = (char *) xmalloc (i);
  end = ap + i;

  /* I is how many complete arguments have been found.  */
  i = 0;
  instring = word_has_equals = seen_nonequals = last_argument_was_empty = 0;
  for (p = line; *p != '\0'; ++p)
    {
      if (ap > end)
	abort ();

      if (instring)
	{
	string_char:
	  /* Inside a string, just copy any char except a closing quote
	     or a backslash-newline combination.  */
	  if (*p == instring)
	    {
	      instring = 0;
	      if (ap == new_argv[0] || *(ap-1) == '\0')
		last_argument_was_empty = 1;
	    }
	  else if (*p == '\\' && p[1] == '\n')
	    goto swallow_escaped_newline;
	  else if (*p == '\n' && restp != NULL)
	    {
	      /* End of the command line.  */
	      *restp = p;
	      goto end_of_line;
	    }
	  /* Backslash, $, and ` are special inside double quotes.
	     If we see any of those, punt.
	     But on MSDOS, if we use COMMAND.COM, double and single
	     quotes have the same effect.  */
	  else if (instring == '"' && strchr ("\\$`", *p) != 0 && unixy_shell)
	    goto slow;
	  else
	    *ap++ = *p;
	}
      else if (strchr (sh_chars, *p) != 0)
	/* Not inside a string, but it's a special char.  */
	goto slow;
#ifdef  __MSDOS__
      else if (*p == '.' && p[1] == '.' && p[2] == '.' && p[3] != '.')
	/* `...' is a wildcard in DJGPP.  */
	goto slow;
#endif
      else
	/* Not a special char.  */
	switch (*p)
	  {
	  case '=':
	    /* Equals is a special character in leading words before the
	       first word with no equals sign in it.  This is not the case
	       with sh -k, but we never get here when using nonstandard
	       shell flags.  */
	    if (! seen_nonequals && unixy_shell)
	      goto slow;
	    word_has_equals = 1;
	    *ap++ = '=';
	    break;

	  case '\\':
	    /* Backslash-newline combinations are eaten.  */
	    if (p[1] == '\n')
	      {
	      swallow_escaped_newline:

		/* Eat the backslash, the newline, and following whitespace,
		   replacing it all with a single space.  */
		p += 2;

		/* If there is a tab after a backslash-newline,
		   remove it from the source line which will be echoed,
		   since it was most likely used to line
		   up the continued line with the previous one.  */
		if (*p == '\t')
                  /* Note these overlap and strcpy() is undefined for
                     overlapping objects in ANSI C.  The strlen() _IS_ right,
                     since we need to copy the nul byte too.  */
		  bcopy (p + 1, p, strlen (p));

		if (instring)
		  goto string_char;
		else
		  {
		    if (ap != new_argv[i])
		      /* Treat this as a space, ending the arg.
			 But if it's at the beginning of the arg, it should
			 just get eaten, rather than becoming an empty arg. */
		      goto end_of_arg;
		    else
		      p = next_token (p) - 1;
		  }
	      }
	    else if (p[1] != '\0')
              {
#if defined(__MSDOS__) || defined(WINDOWS32)
                /* Only remove backslashes before characters special
                   to Unixy shells.  All other backslashes are copied
                   verbatim, since they are probably DOS-style
                   directory separators.  This still leaves a small
                   window for problems, but at least it should work
                   for the vast majority of naive users.  */

#ifdef __MSDOS__
                /* A dot is only special as part of the "..."
                   wildcard.  */
                if (strneq (p + 1, ".\\.\\.", 5))
                  {
                    *ap++ = '.';
                    *ap++ = '.';
                    p += 4;
                  }
                else
#endif
                  if (p[1] != '\\' && p[1] != '\''
                      && !isspace ((unsigned char)p[1])
                      && (strchr (sh_chars_sh, p[1]) == 0))
                    /* back up one notch, to copy the backslash */
                    --p;

#endif  /* __MSDOS__ || WINDOWS32 */
                /* Copy and skip the following char.  */
                *ap++ = *++p;
              }
	    break;

	  case '\'':
	  case '"':
	    instring = *p;
	    break;

	  case '\n':
	    if (restp != NULL)
	      {
		/* End of the command line.  */
		*restp = p;
		goto end_of_line;
	      }
	    else
	      /* Newlines are not special.  */
	      *ap++ = '\n';
	    break;

	  case ' ':
	  case '\t':
	  end_of_arg:
	    /* We have the end of an argument.
	       Terminate the text of the argument.  */
	    *ap++ = '\0';
	    new_argv[++i] = ap;
	    last_argument_was_empty = 0;

	    /* Update SEEN_NONEQUALS, which tells us if every word
	       heretofore has contained an `='.  */
	    seen_nonequals |= ! word_has_equals;
	    if (word_has_equals && ! seen_nonequals)
	      /* An `=' in a word before the first
		 word without one is magical.  */
	      goto slow;
	    word_has_equals = 0; /* Prepare for the next word.  */

	    /* If this argument is the command name,
	       see if it is a built-in shell command.
	       If so, have the shell handle it.  */
	    if (i == 1)
	      {
		register int j;
		for (j = 0; sh_cmds[j] != 0; ++j)
		  if (streq (sh_cmds[j], new_argv[0]))
		    goto slow;
	      }

	    /* Ignore multiple whitespace chars.  */
	    p = next_token (p);
	    /* Next iteration should examine the first nonwhite char.  */
	    --p;
	    break;

	  default:
	    *ap++ = *p;
	    break;
	  }
    }
 end_of_line:

  if (instring)
    /* Let the shell deal with an unterminated quote.  */
    goto slow;

  /* Terminate the last argument and the argument list.  */

  *ap = '\0';
  if (new_argv[i][0] != '\0' || last_argument_was_empty)
    ++i;
  new_argv[i] = 0;

  if (i == 1)
    {
      register int j;
      for (j = 0; sh_cmds[j] != 0; ++j)
	if (streq (sh_cmds[j], new_argv[0]))
	  goto slow;
    }

  if (new_argv[0] == 0)
    /* Line was empty.  */
    return 0;
  else
    return new_argv;

 slow:;
  /* We must use the shell.  */

  if (new_argv != 0)
    {
      /* Free the old argument list we were working on.  */
      free (new_argv[0]);
      free ((void *)new_argv);
    }

#ifdef __MSDOS__
  execute_by_shell = 1;	/* actually, call `system' if shell isn't unixy */
#endif

#ifdef _AMIGA
  {
    char *ptr;
    char *buffer;
    char *dptr;

    buffer = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (line)+1);

    ptr = line;
    for (dptr=buffer; *ptr; )
    {
      if (*ptr == '\\' && ptr[1] == '\n')
	ptr += 2;
      else if (*ptr == '@') /* Kludge: multiline commands */
      {
	ptr += 2;
	*dptr++ = '\n';
      }
      else
	*dptr++ = *ptr++;
    }
    *dptr = 0;

    new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (2 * sizeof (char *));
    new_argv[0] = buffer;
    new_argv[1] = 0;
  }
#else	/* Not Amiga  */
#ifdef WINDOWS32
  /*
   * Not eating this whitespace caused things like
   *
   *    sh -c "\n"
   *
   * which gave the shell fits. I think we have to eat
   * whitespace here, but this code should be considered
   * suspicious if things start failing....
   */

  /* Make sure not to bother processing an empty line.  */
  while (isspace ((unsigned char)*line))
    ++line;
  if (*line == '\0')
    return 0;
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */
  {
    /* SHELL may be a multi-word command.  Construct a command line
       "SHELL -c LINE", with all special chars in LINE escaped.
       Then recurse, expanding this command line to get the final
       argument list.  */

    unsigned int shell_len = strlen (shell);
#ifndef VMS
    static char minus_c[] = " -c ";
#else
    static char minus_c[] = "";
#endif
    unsigned int line_len = strlen (line);

    char *new_line = (char *) alloca (shell_len + (sizeof (minus_c) - 1)
				      + (line_len * 2) + 1);
    char *command_ptr = NULL; /* used for batch_mode_shell mode */

    ap = new_line;
    bcopy (shell, ap, shell_len);
    ap += shell_len;
    bcopy (minus_c, ap, sizeof (minus_c) - 1);
    ap += sizeof (minus_c) - 1;
    command_ptr = ap;
    for (p = line; *p != '\0'; ++p)
      {
	if (restp != NULL && *p == '\n')
	  {
	    *restp = p;
	    break;
	  }
	else if (*p == '\\' && p[1] == '\n')
	  {
	    /* Eat the backslash, the newline, and following whitespace,
	       replacing it all with a single space (which is escaped
	       from the shell).  */
	    p += 2;

	    /* If there is a tab after a backslash-newline,
	       remove it from the source line which will be echoed,
	       since it was most likely used to line
	       up the continued line with the previous one.  */
	    if (*p == '\t')
	      bcopy (p + 1, p, strlen (p));

	    p = next_token (p);
	    --p;
            if (unixy_shell && !batch_mode_shell)
              *ap++ = '\\';
	    *ap++ = ' ';
	    continue;
	  }

        /* DOS shells don't know about backslash-escaping.  */
	if (unixy_shell && !batch_mode_shell &&
            (*p == '\\' || *p == '\'' || *p == '"'
             || isspace ((unsigned char)*p)
             || strchr (sh_chars, *p) != 0))
	  *ap++ = '\\';
#ifdef __MSDOS__
        else if (unixy_shell && strneq (p, "...", 3))
          {
            /* The case of `...' wildcard again.  */
            strcpy (ap, "\\.\\.\\");
            ap += 5;
            p  += 2;
          }
#endif
	*ap++ = *p;
      }
    if (ap == new_line + shell_len + sizeof (minus_c) - 1)
      /* Line was empty.  */
      return 0;
    *ap = '\0';

#ifdef WINDOWS32
    /* Some shells do not work well when invoked as 'sh -c xxx' to run a
       command line (e.g. Cygnus GNUWIN32 sh.exe on WIN32 systems).  In these
       cases, run commands via a script file.  */
    if ((no_default_sh_exe || batch_mode_shell) && batch_filename_ptr) {
      FILE* batch = NULL;
      int id = GetCurrentProcessId();
      PATH_VAR(fbuf);
      char* fname = NULL;

      /* create a file name */
      sprintf(fbuf, "make%d", id);
      fname = tempnam(".", fbuf);

	  /* create batch file name */
      *batch_filename_ptr = xmalloc(strlen(fname) + 5);
      strcpy(*batch_filename_ptr, fname);

      /* make sure path name is in DOS backslash format */
      if (!unixy_shell) {
        fname = *batch_filename_ptr;
        for (i = 0; fname[i] != '\0'; ++i)
          if (fname[i] == '/')
            fname[i] = '\\';
        strcat(*batch_filename_ptr, ".bat");
      } else {
        strcat(*batch_filename_ptr, ".sh");
      }

      DB (DB_JOBS, (_("Creating temporary batch file %s\n"),
                    *batch_filename_ptr));

      /* create batch file to execute command */
      batch = fopen (*batch_filename_ptr, "w");
      if (!unixy_shell)
        fputs ("@echo off\n", batch);
      fputs (command_ptr, batch);
      fputc ('\n', batch);
      fclose (batch);

      /* create argv */
      new_argv = (char **) xmalloc(3 * sizeof (char *));
      if (unixy_shell) {
        new_argv[0] = xstrdup (shell);
        new_argv[1] = *batch_filename_ptr; /* only argv[0] gets freed later */
      } else {
        new_argv[0] = xstrdup (*batch_filename_ptr);
        new_argv[1] = NULL;
      }
      new_argv[2] = NULL;
    } else
#endif /* WINDOWS32 */
    if (unixy_shell)
      new_argv = construct_command_argv_internal (new_line, (char **) NULL,
                                                  (char *) 0, (char *) 0,
                                                  (char **) 0);
#ifdef  __MSDOS__
    else
      {
      /* With MSDOS shells, we must construct the command line here
         instead of recursively calling ourselves, because we
         cannot backslash-escape the special characters (see above).  */
      new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *));
      line_len = strlen (new_line) - shell_len - sizeof (minus_c) + 1;
      new_argv[0] = xmalloc (line_len + 1);
      strncpy (new_argv[0],
               new_line + shell_len + sizeof (minus_c) - 1, line_len);
      new_argv[0][line_len] = '\0';
      }
#else
    else
      fatal (NILF, _("%s (line %d) Bad shell context (!unixy && !batch_mode_shell)\n"),
            __FILE__, __LINE__);
#endif
  }
#endif	/* ! AMIGA */

  return new_argv;
}
#endif /* !VMS */

/* Figure out the argument list necessary to run LINE as a command.  Try to
   avoid using a shell.  This routine handles only ' quoting, and " quoting
   when no backslash, $ or ` characters are seen in the quotes.  Starting
   quotes may be escaped with a backslash.  If any of the characters in
   sh_chars[] is seen, or any of the builtin commands listed in sh_cmds[]
   is the first word of a line, the shell is used.

   If RESTP is not NULL, *RESTP is set to point to the first newline in LINE.
   If *RESTP is NULL, newlines will be ignored.

   FILE is the target whose commands these are.  It is used for
   variable expansion for $(SHELL) and $(IFS).  */

char **
construct_command_argv (line, restp, file, batch_filename_ptr)
     char *line, **restp;
     struct file *file;
     char** batch_filename_ptr;
{
  char *shell, *ifs;
  char **argv;

#ifdef VMS
  char *cptr;
  int argc;

  argc = 0;
  cptr = line;
  for (;;)
    {
      while ((*cptr != 0)
	     && (isspace ((unsigned char)*cptr)))
	cptr++;
      if (*cptr == 0)
	break;
      while ((*cptr != 0)
	     && (!isspace((unsigned char)*cptr)))
	cptr++;
      argc++;
    }

  argv = (char **)malloc (argc * sizeof (char *));
  if (argv == 0)
    abort ();

  cptr = line;
  argc = 0;
  for (;;)
    {
      while ((*cptr != 0)
	     && (isspace ((unsigned char)*cptr)))
	cptr++;
      if (*cptr == 0)
	break;
      DB (DB_JOBS, ("argv[%d] = [%s]\n", argc, cptr));
      argv[argc++] = cptr;
      while ((*cptr != 0)
	     && (!isspace((unsigned char)*cptr)))
	cptr++;
      if (*cptr != 0)
	*cptr++ = 0;
    }
#else
  {
    /* Turn off --warn-undefined-variables while we expand SHELL and IFS.  */
    int save = warn_undefined_variables_flag;
    warn_undefined_variables_flag = 0;

    shell = allocated_variable_expand_for_file ("$(SHELL)", file);
#ifdef WINDOWS32
    /*
     * Convert to forward slashes so that construct_command_argv_internal()
     * is not confused.
     */
    if (shell) {
      char *p = w32ify(shell, 0);
      strcpy(shell, p);
    }
#endif
    ifs = allocated_variable_expand_for_file ("$(IFS)", file);

    warn_undefined_variables_flag = save;
  }

  argv = construct_command_argv_internal (line, restp, shell, ifs, batch_filename_ptr);

  free (shell);
  free (ifs);
#endif /* !VMS */
  return argv;
}

#if !defined(HAVE_DUP2) && !defined(_AMIGA)
int
dup2 (old, new)
     int old, new;
{
  int fd;

  (void) close (new);
  fd = dup (old);
  if (fd != new)
    {
      (void) close (fd);
      errno = EMFILE;
      return -1;
    }

  return fd;
}
#endif /* !HAPE_DUP2 && !_AMIGA */