GNU make NEWS -*-indented-text-*- History of user-visible changes. 21 Nov 1999 Copyright (C) 1992,93,94,95,96,97,98,1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the end for copying conditions. All changes mentioned here are more fully described in the GNU make manual, which is contained in this distribution as the file make.texinfo. Please send GNU make bug reports to . See the README file and the GNU make manual for details on sending bug reports. Version 3.79 * Previously, GNU make quoted variables such as MAKEFLAGS and MAKEOVERRIDES for proper parsing by the shell. This allowed them to be used within make build scripts. However, using them there is not proper behavior: they are meant to be passed to subshells via the environment. Unfortunately the values were not quoted properly to be passed through the environment. This meant that some invocations of make didn't properly pass values to submakes. With this version we change that behavior: now these variables are quoted properly for passing through the environment, which is the correct way to do it. If you previously used these variables explicitly within a make rule you may need to re-examine your use for correctness given this change. * A new psuedo-target, .NOTPARALLEL, is defined. If set the current makefile is always run serially regardless of the value of -j. Any submakes will still be run in parallel if -j was specified. * The -d (--debug) option has changed: it now takes an optional numeric argument. By default only a minimal set of debugging output is generated, displaying information about what "normal" files (not makefiles) were deemed out of date and in need of being rebuilt. Various values control the amount of detail in the debugging output. Version 3.78 * Two new functions, $(error ...) and $(warning ...) are available. The former will cause make to fail and exit immediately upon expansion of the function, with the text provided as the error message. The latter causes the text provided to be printed as a warning message, but make proceeds normally. * A new function $(call ...) is available. This allows users to create their own parameterized macros and invoke them later. Original implementation of this function was provided by Han-Wen Nienhuys . * A new function $(if ...) is available. It provides if-then-else capabilities in a builtin function. Original implementation of this function was provided by Han-Wen Nienhuys . * Make defines a new variable, .LIBPATTERNS. This variable controls how library dependency expansion (dependencies like ``-lfoo'') is performed. * Make accepts CRLF sequences as well as traditional LF, for compatibility with makefiles created on other operating systems. * Make accepts a new option: -R, or --no-builtin-variables. This option disables the definition of the rule-specific builtin variables (CC, LD, AR, etc.). Specifying this option forces -r (--no-builtin-rules) as well. * A "job server" feature, suggested by Howard Chu . On systems that support POSIX pipe(2) semantics, GNU make can now pass -jN options to submakes rather than forcing them all to use -j1. The top make and all its sub-make processes use a pipe to communicate with each other to ensure that no more than N jobs are started across all makes. To get the old behavior of -j back, you can configure make with the --disable-job-server option. * The confusing term "dependency" has been replaced by the more accurate and standard term "prerequisite", both in the manual and in all GNU make output. * GNU make supports the "big archive" library format introduced in AIX 4.3. * GNU make supports large files on AIX, HP-UX, and IRIX. These changes were provided by Paul Eggert . (Large file support for Solaris and Linux was introduced in 3.77, but the configuration had issues: these have also been resolved). * The Windows 95/98/NT (W32) version of GNU make now has native support for the Cygnus Cygwin release B20.1 shell (bash). * The GNU make regression test suite, long available separately "under the table", has been integrated into the release. You can invoke it by running "make check" in the distribution. Note that it requires Perl (either Perl 4 or Perl 5) to run. Version 3.77 * Implement BSD make's "?=" variable assignment operator. The variable is assigned the specified value only if that variable is not already defined. * Make defines a new variable, "CURDIR", to contain the current working directory (after the -C option, if any, has been processed). Modifying this variable has no effect on the operation of make. * Make defines a new default RCS rule, for new-style master file storage: ``% :: RCS/%'' (note no ``,v'' suffix). Make defines new default rules for DOS-style C++ file naming conventions, with ``.cpp'' suffixes. All the same rules as for ``.cc'' and ``.C'' suffixes are provided, along with LINK.cpp and COMPILE.cpp macros (which default to the same value as LINK.cc and COMPILE.cc). Note CPPFLAGS is still C preprocessor flags! You should use CXXFLAGS to change C++ compiler flags. * A new feature, "target-specific variable values", has been added. This is a large change so please see the appropriate sections of the manual for full details. Briefly, syntax like this: TARGET: VARIABLE = VALUE defines VARIABLE as VALUE within the context of TARGET. This is similar to SunOS make's "TARGET := VARIABLE = VALUE" feature. Note that the assignment may be of any type, not just recursive, and that the override keyword is available. COMPATIBILITY: This new syntax means that if you have any rules where the first or second dependency has an equal sign (=) in its name, you'll have to escape them with a backslash: "foo : bar\=baz". Further, if you have any dependencies which already contain "\=", you'll have to escape both of them: "foo : bar\\\=baz". * A new appendix listing the most common error and warning messages generated by GNU make, with some explanation, has been added to the GNU make User's Manual. * Updates to the GNU make Customs library support (see README.customs). * Updates to the Windows 95/NT port from Rob Tulloh (see README.W32), and to the DOS port from Eli Zaretski (see README.DOS). Version 3.76.1 * Small (but serious) bug fix. Quick rollout to get into the GNU source CD. Version 3.76 * GNU make now uses automake to control Makefile.in generation. This should make it more consistent with the GNU standards. * VPATH functionality has been changed to incorporate the VPATH+ patch, previously maintained by Paul Smith . See the manual. * Make defines a new variable, `MAKECMDGOALS', to contain the goals that were specified on the command line, if any. Modifying this variable has no effect on the operation of make. * A new function, `$(wordlist S,E,TEXT)', is available: it returns a list of words from number S to number E (inclusive) of TEXT. * Instead of an error, detection of future modification times gives a warning and continues. The warning is repeated just before GNU make exits, so it is less likely to be lost. * Fix the $(basename) and $(suffix) functions so they only operate on the last filename, not the entire string: Command Old Result New Result ------- ---------- ---------- $(basename a.b) a a $(basename a.b/c) a a.b/c $(suffix a.b) b b $(suffix a.b/c) b/c * The $(strip) function now removes newlines as well as TABs and spaces. * The $(shell) function now changes CRLF (\r\n) pairs to a space as well as newlines (\n). * Updates to the Windows 95/NT port from Rob Tulloh (see README.W32). * Eli Zaretskii has updated the port to 32-bit protected mode on MSDOS and MS-Windows, building with the DJGPP v2 port of GNU C/C++ compiler and utilities. See README.DOS for details, and direct all questions concerning this port to Eli Zaretskii or DJ Delorie . * John W. Eaton has updated the VMS port to support libraries and VPATH. Version 3.75 * The directory messages printed by `-w' and implicitly in sub-makes, are now omitted if Make runs no commands and has no other messages to print. * Make now detects files that for whatever reason have modification times in the future and gives an error. Files with such impossible timestamps can result from unsynchronized clocks, or archived distributions containing bogus timestamps; they confuse Make's dependency engine thoroughly. * The new directive `sinclude' is now recognized as another name for `-include', for compatibility with some other Makes. * Aaron Digulla has contributed a port to AmigaDOS. See README.Amiga for details, and direct all Amiga-related questions to . * Rob Tulloh of Tivoli Systems has contributed a port to Windows NT or 95. See README.W32 for details, and direct all Windows-related questions to . Version 3.73 * Converted to use Autoconf version 2, so `configure' has some new options. See INSTALL for details. * You can now send a SIGUSR1 signal to Make to toggle printing of debugging output enabled by -d, at any time during the run. Version 3.72 * DJ Delorie has ported Make to MS-DOS using the GO32 extender. He is maintaining the DOS port, not the GNU Make maintainer; please direct bugs and questions for DOS to . MS-DOS binaries are available for FTP from ftp.simtel.net in /pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/. * The `MAKEFLAGS' variable (in the environment or in a makefile) can now contain variable definitions itself; these are treated just like command-line variable definitions. Make will automatically insert any variable definitions from the environment value of `MAKEFLAGS' or from the command line, into the `MAKEFLAGS' value exported to children. The `MAKEOVERRIDES' variable previously included in the value of `$(MAKE)' for sub-makes is now included in `MAKEFLAGS' instead. As before, you can reset `MAKEOVERRIDES' in your makefile to avoid putting all the variables in the environment when its size is limited. * If `.DELETE_ON_ERROR' appears as a target, Make will delete the target of a rule if it has changed when its commands exit with a nonzero status, just as when the commands get a signal. * The automatic variable `$+' is new. It lists all the dependencies like `$^', but preserves duplicates listed in the makefile. This is useful for linking rules, where library files sometimes need to be listed twice in the link order. * You can now specify the `.IGNORE' and `.SILENT' special targets with dependencies to limit their effects to those files. If a file appears as a dependency of `.IGNORE', then errors will be ignored while running the commands to update that file. Likewise if a file appears as a dependency of `.SILENT', then the commands to update that file will not be printed before they are run. (This change was made to conform to POSIX.2.) Version 3.71 * The automatic variables `$(@D)', `$(%D)', `$(*D)', `$(