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@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +.TH MAKE 1L "22 August 1989" "GNU" "LOCAL USER COMMANDS" +.SH NAME +make \- GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B "make " +[ +.B \-f +makefile ] [ option ] ... +target ... +.SH WARNING +This man paage is an extract of the documentation of +.I GNU make . +It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does not use nroff. +For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file +.B make +or the DVI file +.B make.dvi +which are made from the Texinfo source file +.BR make.texinfo . +.SH DESCRIPTION +.LP +The purpose of the +.I make +utility is to determine automatically which +pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to +recompile them. +This manual describes the GNU implementation of +.IR make , +which was written by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath. +Our examples show C programs, since they are most common, but you can use +.I make +with any programming language whose compiler can be run with a +shell command. +In fact, +.I make +is not limited to programs. +You can use it to describe any task where some files must be +updated automatically from others whenever the others change. +.LP +To prepare to use +.IR make , +you must write a file called the +.I makefile +that describes the relationships among files in your program, and the +states the commands for updating each file. +In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object +files, which are in turn made by compiling source files. +.LP +Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some source files, +this simple shell command: +.sp 1 +.RS +.B make +.RE +.sp 1 +suffices to perform all necessary recompilations. +The +.I make +program uses the makefile data base and the last-modification times +of the files to decide which of the files need to be updated. +For each of those files, it issues the commands recorded in the data base. +.LP +.I make +executes commands in the +.I makefile +to update +one or more target +.IR names , +where +.I name +is typically a program. +If no +.B \-f +option is present, +.I make +will look for the makefiles +.IR GNUmakefile , +.IR makefile , +and +.IR Makefile , +in that order. +.LP +Normally you should call your makefile either +.I makefile +or +.IR Makefile . +(We recommend +.I Makefile +because it appears prominently near the beginning of a directory +listing, right near other important files such as +.IR README .) +The first name checked, +.IR GNUmakefile , +is not recommended for most makefiles. +You should use this name if you have a makefile that is specific to GNU +.IR make , +and will not be understood by other versions of +.IR make . +If +.I makefile +is `\-', the standard input is read. +.LP +.I make +updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files +that have been modified since the target was last modified, +or if the target does not exist. +.SH OPTIONS +.sp 1 +.TP 0.5i +.B \-b +.TP 0.5i +.B \-m +These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of +.IR make . +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-C " dir +Change to directory +.I dir +before reading the makefiles or doing anything else. +If multiple +.B \-C +options are specified, each is interpreted relative to the +previous one: +.BR "\-C " / +.BR "\-C " etc +is equivalent to +.BR "\-C " /etc. +This is typically used with recursive invocations of +.IR make . +.TP 0.5i +.B \-d +Print debugging information in addition to normal processing. +The debugging information says which files are being considered for +remaking, which file-times are being compared and with what results, +which files actually need to be remade, which implicit rules are +considered and which are applied---everything interesting about how +.I make +decides what to do. +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-f " file +Use +.I file as a makefile. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-i +Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files. +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-I " dir +Specifies a directory +.I dir +to search for included makefiles. +If several +.B \-I +options are used to specify several directories, the directories are +searched in the order specified. +Unlike the arguments to other flags of +.IR make , +directories given with +. \-I +flags may come directly after the flag: +.BI \-I dir +is allowed, as well as +.BI "\-I " dir. +This syntax is allowed for compatibility with the C +preprocessor's +.B \-I +flag. +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-j " jobs +Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously. +If there is more than one +.B \-j +option, the last one is effective. +If the +.B \-j +option is given without an argument, +.IR make +will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-k +Continue as much as possible after an error. +While the target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot +be remade, the other dependencies of these targets can be processed +all the same. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-l +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-l " load +Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are +others jobs running and the load average is at least +.I load +(a floating-point number). +With no argument, removes a previous load limit. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-n +Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them. +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-o " file +Do not remake the file +.I file +even if it is older than its dependencies, and do not remake anything +on account of changes in +.IR file . +Essentially the file is treated as very old and its rules are ignored. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-p +Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from +reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise +specified. +This also prints the version information given by the +.B \-v +switch (see below). +To print the data base without trying to remake any files, use +.B make +.B \-p +.BI \-f /dev/null. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-q +``Question mode''. +Do not run any commands, or print anything; just return an exit status +that is zero if the specified targets are already up to date, nonzero +otherwise. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-r +Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules. +Also clear out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-s +Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-S +Cancel the effect of the +.B \-k +option. +This is never necessary except in a recursive +.I make +where +.B \-k +might be inherited from the top-level +.I make +via MAKEFLAGS or if you set +.B \-k +in MAKEFLAGS in your environment. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-t +Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them) +instead of running their commands. +This is used to pretend that the commands were done, in order to fool +future invocations of +.IR make . +.TP 0.5i +.B \-v +Print the version of the +.I make +program plus a copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there +is no warranty. +After this information is printed, processing continues normally. +To get this information without doing anything else, use +.B make +.B \-v +.BI \-f /dev/null. +.TP 0.5i +.B \-w +Print a message containing the working directory before and after +before and after other processing. +This may be useful for tracking down errors from complicated nests of +recursive +.I make +commands. +.TP 0.5i +.BI "\-W " file +Pretend that the target +.I file +has just been modified. +When used with the +.B \-n +flag, this shows you what would happen if you were to modify that file. +Without +.BR \-n , +it is almost the same as running a +.I touch +command on the given file before running +.IR make , +except that the modification time is changed only in the imagination of +.IR make . +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PD 0 +.TP 2.0i +/usr/local/doc/gnumake.dvi +.I +The GNU Make Manual +.PD +.SH BUGS +See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in +.I "The GNU Make Manual" . +.SH AUTHOR +This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University. +It has been reworked by Roland McGrath. |