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+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{axiom}
+\begin{document}
+\title{\$SPAD/src/algebra error.spad}
+\author{Robert S. Sutor}
+\maketitle
+\begin{abstract}
+\end{abstract}
+\eject
+\tableofcontents
+\eject
+\section{package ERROR ErrorFunctions}
+<<package ERROR ErrorFunctions>>=
+)abbrev package ERROR ErrorFunctions
+++ Author: Robert S. Sutor
+++ Date Created: 29 May 1990
+++ Date Last Updated: 29 May 1990
+++ Description:
+++ ErrorFunctions implements error functions callable from the system
+++ interpreter.  Typically, these functions would be called in user
+++ functions.  The simple forms of the functions take one argument
+++ which is either a string (an error message) or a list of strings
+++ which all together make up a message.  The list can contain
+++ formatting codes (see below).  The more sophisticated versions takes
+++ two arguments where the first argument is the name of the function
+++ from which the error was invoked and the second argument is either a
+++ string or a list of strings, as above.  When you use the one
+++ argument version in an interpreter function, the system will
+++ automatically insert the name of the function as the new first
+++ argument.  Thus in the user interpreter function
+++   \spad{f x == if x < 0 then error "negative argument" else x}
+++ the call to error will actually be of the form
+++   \spad{error("f","negative argument")}
+++ because the interpreter will have created a new first argument.
+++
+++ Formatting codes:  error messages may contain the following
+++ formatting codes (they should either start or end a string or
+++ else have blanks around them):
+++    \spad{%l}      start a new line
+++    \spad{%b}      start printing in a bold font (where available)
+++    \spad{%d}      stop  printing in a bold font (where available)
+++    \spad{ %ceon}  start centering message lines
+++    \spad{%ceoff}  stop  centering message lines
+++    \spad{%rjon}   start displaying lines "ragged left"
+++    \spad{%rjoff}  stop  displaying lines "ragged left"
+++    \spad{%i}      indent   following lines 3 additional spaces
+++    \spad{%u}      unindent following lines 3 additional spaces
+++    \spad{%xN}     insert N blanks (eg, \spad{%x10} inserts 10 blanks)
+++
+++ Examples:
+++   1.  \spad{error "Whoops, you made a %l %ceon %b big %d %ceoff %l mistake!"}
+++   2.  \spad{error ["Whoops, you made a","%l %ceon %b","big",
+++              "%d %ceoff %l","mistake!"]}
+ 
+ErrorFunctions() : Exports == Implementation where
+  Exports ==> with
+    error: String -> Exit 
+      ++ error(msg) displays error message msg and terminates.
+    error: List String -> Exit            
+      ++ error(lmsg) displays error message lmsg and terminates.
+    error: (String,String) -> Exit        
+      ++ error(nam,msg) displays error message msg preceded by a
+      ++ message containing the name nam of the function in which
+      ++ the error is contained.
+    error: (String,List String) -> Exit   
+      ++ error(nam,lmsg) displays error messages lmsg preceded by a
+      ++ message containing the name nam of the function in which
+      ++ the error is contained.
+  Implementation ==> add
+ 
+    prefix1 : String := "Error signalled from user code: %l "
+    prefix2 : String := "Error signalled from user code in function %b "
+ 
+    doit(s : String) : Exit ==
+      throwPatternMsg(s,nil$(List String))$Lisp
+      -- there are no objects of type Exit, so we'll fake one,
+      -- knowing we will never get to this step anyway.
+      "exit" pretend Exit
+ 
+    error(s : String) : Exit ==
+      doit concat [prefix1,s]
+ 
+    error(l : List String) : Exit ==
+      s : String := prefix1
+      for x in l repeat s := concat [s," ",x]
+      doit s
+ 
+    error(fn : String,s : String) : Exit ==
+      doit concat [prefix2,fn,": %d %l ",s]
+ 
+    error(fn : String, l : List String) : Exit ==
+      s : String := concat [prefix2,fn,": %d %l"]
+      for x in l repeat s := concat [s," ",x]
+      doit s
+
+@
+\section{License}
+<<license>>=
+--Copyright (c) 1991-2002, The Numerical ALgorithms Group Ltd.
+--All rights reserved.
+--
+--Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+--modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+--met:
+--
+--    - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+--      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+--
+--    - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+--      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+--      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+--      distribution.
+--
+--    - Neither the name of The Numerical ALgorithms Group Ltd. nor the
+--      names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+--      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+--
+--THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
+--IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+--TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+--PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
+--OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+--EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+--PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+--PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+--LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+--NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+--SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+@
+<<*>>=
+<<license>>
+
+<<package ERROR ErrorFunctions>>
+@
+\eject
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+\bibitem{1} nothing
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}