summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/texinfo.tex
blob: f18cbf730179ddde0985d6bbd2c88e1f160862d8 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
%
% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
%
\def\texinfoversion{1999-02-04}%
%
% Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
% Free Software Foundation, Inc.
%
% This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
% your option) any later version.
%
% This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be
% useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
% of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
% General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
% to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
%
% In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program.
% You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve
% what you give them.   Help stamp out software-hoarding!
%
% Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug
% reports; you can get the latest version from:
%   ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo.tex
%   (and all GNU mirrors, see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html)
%   ftp://tug.org/tex/texinfo.tex
%   ftp://ctan.org/macros/texinfo/texinfo.tex
%   (and all CTAN mirrors, finger ctan@ctan.org for a list).
%   /home/gd/gnu/doc/texinfo.tex on the GNU machines.
% The texinfo.tex in any given Texinfo distribution could well be out
% of date, so if that's what you're using, please check.
% There is a small home page for Texinfo at http://texinfo.org/.
%
% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org.  Please include including a
% complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the
% problem.  Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated.
%
% To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the
% texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution.  For a simple
% manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this:
%   tex foo.texi
%   texindex foo.??
%   tex foo.texi
%   tex foo.texi
%   dvips foo.dvi -o # or whatever, to process the dvi file; this makes foo.ps.
% The extra runs of TeX get the cross-reference information correct.
% Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more
% than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary.
%
% It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages.  You can get
% the existing language-specific files from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/.

\message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}

% If in a .fmt file, print the version number
% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
% they might have appeared in the input file name.
\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
  \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}

% Save some parts of plain tex whose names we will redefine.

\let\ptexb=\b
\let\ptexbullet=\bullet
\let\ptexc=\c
\let\ptexcomma=\,
\let\ptexdot=\.
\let\ptexdots=\dots
\let\ptexend=\end
\let\ptexequiv=\equiv
\let\ptexexclam=\!
\let\ptexi=\i
\let\ptexlbrace=\{
\let\ptexrbrace=\}
\let\ptexstar=\*
\let\ptext=\t

% We never want plain's outer \+ definition in Texinfo.
% For @tex, we can use \tabalign.
\let\+ = \relax


\message{Basics,}
\chardef\other=12

% If this character appears in an error message or help string, it
% starts a new line in the output.
\newlinechar = `^^J

% Set up fixed words for English if not already set.
\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined	\gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi
\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined   \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi
\ifx\putwordfile\undefined      \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi
\ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined     \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi
\ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi
\ifx\putwordInfo\undefined      \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi
\ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined  \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi
\ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined	\gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi
\ifx\putwordof\undefined        \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi
\ifx\putwordon\undefined        \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi
\ifx\putwordpage\undefined      \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi
\ifx\putwordsection\undefined   \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi
\ifx\putwordSection\undefined   \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi
\ifx\putwordsee\undefined       \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi
\ifx\putwordSee\undefined       \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi
\ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined	\gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi
\ifx\putwordTOC\undefined	\gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi
%
\ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi
\ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi
\ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi
\ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi
\ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi
\ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi
\ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi
\ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi
\ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi
\ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi
\ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi
\ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi
%
\ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined	\gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi
\ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined	\gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi
\ifx\putwordDefivar\undefined	\gdef\putwordDefivar{Instance Variable}\fi
\ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined	\gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi
\ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined	\gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi
\ifx\putwordDeftypevar\undefined	\gdef\putwordDeftypevar{Variable}\fi
\ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined	\gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi
\ifx\putwordDeftypefun\undefined	\gdef\putwordDeftypefun{Function}\fi

% Ignore a token.
%
\def\gobble#1{}

\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix}
\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers}
\hyphenation{eshell}
\hyphenation{white-space}

% Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages.
\newdimen \bindingoffset
\newdimen \normaloffset
\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight

% Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file
% and nothing on the terminal.  We don't just call \tracingall here,
% since that produces some useless output on the terminal.
%
\def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}%
\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
\def\loggingall{\tracingcommands2 \tracingstats2
   \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1
   \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1
   \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen
}%
\else
\def\loggingall{\tracingcommands3 \tracingstats2
   \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1
   \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1
   \tracingscantokens1 \tracingassigns1 \tracingifs1
   \tracinggroups1 \tracingnesting2
   \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen
}%
\fi

% For @cropmarks command.
% Do @cropmarks to get crop marks.
%
\newif\ifcropmarks
\let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue
%
% Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners.
% Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986
%
\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
\newdimen\cornerlong  \cornerlong=1pc
\newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt
\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in

% Main output routine.
\chardef\PAGE = 255
\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}

\newbox\headlinebox
\newbox\footlinebox

% \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument.  Note that \pagecontents
% does insertions, but you have to call it yourself.
\def\onepageout#1{%
  \ifcropmarks \hoffset=0pt \else \hoffset=\normaloffset \fi
  %
  \ifodd\pageno  \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset
  \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi
  %
  % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in
  % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code).
  \setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline}%
  \setbox\footlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}%
  %
  {%
    % Have to do this stuff outside the \shipout because we want it to
    % take effect in \write's, yet the group defined by the \vbox ends
    % before the \shipout runs.
    %
    \escapechar = `\\     % use backslash in output files.
    \indexdummies         % don't expand commands in the output.
    \normalturnoffactive  % \ in index entries must not stay \, e.g., if
                   % the page break happens to be in the middle of an example.
    \shipout\vbox{%
      \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup
        \hsize = \outerhsize
        \vskip-\topandbottommargin
        \vtop to0pt{%
          \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}%
          \nointerlineskip
          \line{%
            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}%
            \hfill
            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}%
          }%
          \vss}%
        \vskip\topandbottommargin
        \line\bgroup
          \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize.
          \ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi
          \vbox\bgroup
      \fi
      %
      \unvbox\headlinebox
      \pagebody{#1}%
      \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt
        % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty.
        % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingxxx.)
        % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect.
        \vskip 2\baselineskip
        \unvbox\footlinebox
      \fi
      %
      \ifcropmarks
          \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup
        \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup
        \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill
        \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick
        \vbox to0pt{\vss
          \line{%
            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}%
            \hfill
            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}%
          }%
          \nointerlineskip
          \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}%
        }%
      \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause
      \fi
    }% end of \shipout\vbox
  }% end of group with \turnoffactive
  \advancepageno
  \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
}

\newinsert\margin \dimen\margin=\maxdimen

\def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}}
{\catcode`\@ =11
\gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
% marginal hacks, juha@viisa.uucp (Juha Takala)
\ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present
  \rlap{\kern\hsize\vbox to\z@{\kern1pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi
\dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1
\ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi
\ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
}

% Here are the rules for the cropmarks.  Note that they are
% offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize
% (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986)
%
\def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong}
\def\nstop{\vbox
  {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}}
\def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong}
\def\nsbot{\vbox
  {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}}

% Parse an argument, then pass it to #1.  The argument is the rest of
% the input line (except we remove a trailing comment).  #1 should be a
% macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument.
%
\def\parsearg#1{%
  \let\next = #1%
  \begingroup
    \obeylines
    \futurelet\temp\parseargx
}

% If the next token is an obeyed space (from an @example environment or
% the like), remove it and recurse.  Otherwise, we're done.
\def\parseargx{%
  % \obeyedspace is defined far below, after the definition of \sepspaces.
  \ifx\obeyedspace\temp
    \expandafter\parseargdiscardspace
  \else
    \expandafter\parseargline
  \fi
}

% Remove a single space (as the delimiter token to the macro call).
{\obeyspaces %
 \gdef\parseargdiscardspace {\futurelet\temp\parseargx}}

{\obeylines %
  \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{%
    \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg.
    %
    % First remove any @c comment, then any @comment.
    % Result of each macro is put in \toks0.
    \argremovec #1\c\relax %
    \expandafter\argremovecomment \the\toks0 \comment\relax %
    %
    % Call the caller's macro, saved as \next in \parsearg.
    \expandafter\next\expandafter{\the\toks0}%
  }%
}

% Since all \c{,omment} does is throw away the argument, we can let TeX
% do that for us.  The \relax here is matched by the \relax in the call
% in \parseargline; it could be more or less anything, its purpose is
% just to delimit the argument to the \c.
\def\argremovec#1\c#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}}
\def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}}

% \argremovec{,omment} might leave us with trailing spaces, though; e.g.,
%    @end itemize  @c foo
% will have two active spaces as part of the argument with the
% `itemize'.  Here we remove all active spaces from #1, and assign the
% result to \toks0.
%
% This loses if there are any *other* active characters besides spaces
% in the argument -- _ ^ +, for example -- since they get expanded.
% Fortunately, Texinfo does not define any such commands.  (If it ever
% does, the catcode of the characters in questionwill have to be changed
% here.)  But this means we cannot call \removeactivespaces as part of
% \argremovec{,omment}, since @c uses \parsearg, and thus the argument
% that \parsearg gets might well have any character at all in it.
%
\def\removeactivespaces#1{%
  \begingroup
    \ignoreactivespaces
    \edef\temp{#1}%
    \global\toks0 = \expandafter{\temp}%
  \endgroup
}

% Change the active space to expand to nothing.
%
\begingroup
  \obeyspaces
  \gdef\ignoreactivespaces{\obeyspaces\let =\empty}
\endgroup


\def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next}

%% These are used to keep @begin/@end levels from running away
%% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup)
\newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi}
\def\ENVcheck{%
\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment; press RETURN to continue}
\endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage

% @begin foo  is the same as @foo, for now.
\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.}

\outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx}

\def\beginxxx #1{%
\expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax
{\errhelp=\EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command @begin #1}}\else
\csname #1\endcsname\fi}

% @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo.
%
\def\end{\parsearg\endxxx}
\def\endxxx #1{%
  \removeactivespaces{#1}%
  \edef\endthing{\the\toks0}%
  %
  \expandafter\ifx\csname E\endthing\endcsname\relax
    \expandafter\ifx\csname \endthing\endcsname\relax
      % There's no \foo, i.e., no ``environment'' foo.
      \errhelp = \EMsimple
      \errmessage{Undefined command `@end \endthing'}%
    \else
      \unmatchedenderror\endthing
    \fi
  \else
    % Everything's ok; the right environment has been started.
    \csname E\endthing\endcsname
  \fi
}

% There is an environment #1, but it hasn't been started.  Give an error.
%
\def\unmatchedenderror#1{%
  \errhelp = \EMsimple
  \errmessage{This `@end #1' doesn't have a matching `@#1'}%
}

% Define the control sequence \E#1 to give an unmatched @end error.
%
\def\defineunmatchedend#1{%
  \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\unmatchedenderror{#1}}%
}


% Single-spacing is done by various environments (specifically, in
% \nonfillstart and \quotations).
\newskip\singlespaceskip \singlespaceskip = 12.5pt
\def\singlespace{%
  % Why was this kern here?  It messes up equalizing space above and below
  % environments.  --karl, 6may93
  %{\advance \baselineskip by -\singlespaceskip
  %\kern \baselineskip}%
  \setleading \singlespaceskip
}

%% Simple single-character @ commands

% @@ prints an @
% Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr).
\def\@{{\tt\char64}}

% This is turned off because it was never documented
% and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures.
%% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and '
%% but suppressing ligatures.
%\def\`{{`}}
%\def\'{{'}}

% Used to generate quoted braces.
\def\mylbrace {{\tt\char123}}
\def\myrbrace {{\tt\char125}}
\let\{=\mylbrace
\let\}=\myrbrace
\begingroup
  % Definitions to produce actual \{ & \} command in an index.
  \catcode`\{ = 12 \catcode`\} = 12
  \catcode`\[ = 1 \catcode`\] = 2
  \catcode`\@ = 0 \catcode`\\ = 12
  @gdef@lbracecmd[\{]%
  @gdef@rbracecmd[\}]%
@endgroup

% Accents: @, @dotaccent @ringaccent @ubaraccent @udotaccent
% Others are defined by plain TeX: @` @' @" @^ @~ @= @v @H.
\let\, = \c
\let\dotaccent = \.
\def\ringaccent#1{{\accent23 #1}}
\let\tieaccent = \t
\let\ubaraccent = \b
\let\udotaccent = \d

% Other special characters: @questiondown @exclamdown
% Plain TeX defines: @AA @AE @O @OE @L (and lowercase versions) @ss.
\def\questiondown{?`}
\def\exclamdown{!`}

% Dotless i and dotless j, used for accents.
\def\imacro{i}
\def\jmacro{j}
\def\dotless#1{%
  \def\temp{#1}%
  \ifx\temp\imacro \ptexi
  \else\ifx\temp\jmacro \j
  \else \errmessage{@dotless can be used only with i or j}%
  \fi\fi
}

% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space
% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space
% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and
% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the
% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph.
{\catcode`@ = 11
 % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble
 % if the definition is written into an index file.
 \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M
 \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ }
}

% @: forces normal size whitespace following.
\def\:{\spacefactor=1000 }

% @* forces a line break.
\def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces}

% @. is an end-of-sentence period.
\def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 }

% @! is an end-of-sentence bang.
\def\!{!\spacefactor=3000 }

% @? is an end-of-sentence query.
\def\?{?\spacefactor=3000 }

% @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
% beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
% produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph.
\def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}}

% @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing
% it in a TeX vbox.  We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box
% to keep its height that of a normal line.  According to the rules for
% \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is
% max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0).  If that height is large,
% therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and
% the text is small, which looks bad.
%
\def\group{\begingroup
  \ifnum\catcode13=\active \else
    \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp
    \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}%
  \fi
  %
  % The \vtop we start below produces a box with normal height and large
  % depth; thus, TeX puts \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the
  % next line of text is done) \lineskip glue after it.  (See p.82 of
  % the TeXbook.)  Thus, space below is not quite equal to space
  % above.  But it's pretty close.
  \def\Egroup{%
    \egroup           % End the \vtop.
    \endgroup         % End the \group.
  }%
  %
  \vtop\bgroup
    % We have to put a strut on the last line in case the @group is in
    % the midst of an example, rather than completely enclosing it.
    % Otherwise, the interline space between the last line of the group
    % and the first line afterwards is too small.  But we can't put the
    % strut in \Egroup, since there it would be on a line by itself.
    % Hence this just inserts a strut at the beginning of each line.
    \everypar = {\strut}%
    %
    % Since we have a strut on every line, we don't need any of TeX's
    % normal interline spacing.
    \offinterlineskip
    %
    % OK, but now we have to do something about blank
    % lines in the input in @example-like environments, which normally
    % just turn into \lisppar, which will insert no space now that we've
    % turned off the interline space.  Simplest is to make them be an
    % empty paragraph.
    \ifx\par\lisppar
      \edef\par{\leavevmode \par}%
      %
      % Reset ^^M's definition to new definition of \par.
      \obeylines
    \fi
    %
    % Do @comment since we are called inside an environment such as
    % @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an
    % end-of-line in the output.  We don't want the end-of-line after
    % the `@group' to put extra space in the output.  Since @group
    % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo
    % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text.
    \comment
}
%
% TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help
% message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'.
%
\newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{%
group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J%
where each line of input produces a line of output.}

% @need space-in-mils
% forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining.

\newdimen\mil  \mil=0.001in

\def\need{\parsearg\needx}

% Old definition--didn't work.
%\def\needx #1{\par %
%% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally
%% if the depth of the box does not fit.
%{\baselineskip=0pt%
%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\nobreak
%\prevdepth=-1000pt
%}}

\def\needx#1{%
  % Go into vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
  % paragraph.
  \par
  %
  % Don't add any leading before our big empty box, but allow a page
  % break, since the best break might be right here.
  \allowbreak
  \nointerlineskip
  \vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}%
  %
  % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
  % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
  % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
  % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
  % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
  %
  % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
  % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
  % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
  % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
  % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
  % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
  % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
  \penalty9999
  %
  % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
  \kern -#1\mil
  %
  % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
  \nobreak
}

% @br   forces paragraph break

\let\br = \par

% @dots{} output an ellipsis using the current font.
% We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in a typewriter
% font as three actual period characters.
%
\def\dots{%
  \leavevmode
  \hbox to 1.5em{%
    \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil
    .\hss.\hss.%
    \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil
  }%
}

% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis.
%
\def\enddots{%
  \leavevmode
  \hbox to 2em{%
    \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil
    .\hss.\hss.\hss.%
    \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil
  }%
  \spacefactor=3000
}


% @page    forces the start of a new page
%
\def\page{\par\vfill\supereject}

% @exdent text....
% outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin

% This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment.
% That's how much \exdent should take out.
\newskip\exdentamount

% This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun.
\def\exdent{\parsearg\exdentyyy}
\def\exdentyyy #1{{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}}

% This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example.
\def\nofillexdent{\parsearg\nofillexdentyyy}
\def\nofillexdentyyy #1{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount
\leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}}

% @inmargin{TEXT} puts TEXT in the margin next to the current paragraph.

\def\inmargin#1{%
\strut\vadjust{\nobreak\kern-\strutdepth
  \vtop to \strutdepth{\baselineskip\strutdepth\vss
  \llap{\rightskip=\inmarginspacing \vbox{\noindent #1}}\null}}}
\newskip\inmarginspacing \inmarginspacing=1cm
\def\strutdepth{\dp\strutbox}

%\hbox{{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}}

% @include file    insert text of that file as input.
% Allow normal characters that  we make active in the argument (a file name).
\def\include{\begingroup
  \catcode`\\=12
  \catcode`~=12
  \catcode`^=12
  \catcode`_=12
  \catcode`|=12
  \catcode`<=12
  \catcode`>=12
  \catcode`+=12
  \parsearg\includezzz}
% Restore active chars for included file.
\def\includezzz#1{\endgroup\begingroup
  % Read the included file in a group so nested @include's work.
  \def\thisfile{#1}%
  \input\thisfile
\endgroup}

\def\thisfile{}

% @center line   outputs that line, centered

\def\center{\parsearg\centerzzz}
\def\centerzzz #1{{\advance\hsize by -\leftskip
\advance\hsize by -\rightskip
\centerline{#1}}}

% @sp n   outputs n lines of vertical space

\def\sp{\parsearg\spxxx}
\def\spxxx #1{\vskip #1\baselineskip}

% @comment ...line which is ignored...
% @c is the same as @comment
% @ignore ... @end ignore  is another way to write a comment

\def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other%
\catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other%
\commentxxx}
{\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}}

\let\c=\comment

% @paragraphindent  is defined for the Info formatting commands only.
\let\paragraphindent=\comment

% Prevent errors for section commands.
% Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals.
\def\ignoresections{%
\let\chapter=\relax
\let\unnumbered=\relax
\let\top=\relax
\let\unnumberedsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsection=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax
\let\section=\relax
\let\subsec=\relax
\let\subsubsec=\relax
\let\subsection=\relax
\let\subsubsection=\relax
\let\appendix=\relax
\let\appendixsec=\relax
\let\appendixsection=\relax
\let\appendixsubsec=\relax
\let\appendixsubsection=\relax
\let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax
\let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax
\let\contents=\relax
\let\smallbook=\relax
\let\titlepage=\relax
}

% Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source
% and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used
% incorrectly.
%
\def\ignoremorecommands{%
  \let\defcodeindex = \relax
  \let\defcv = \relax
  \let\deffn = \relax
  \let\deffnx = \relax
  \let\defindex = \relax
  \let\defivar = \relax
  \let\defmac = \relax
  \let\defmethod = \relax
  \let\defop = \relax
  \let\defopt = \relax
  \let\defspec = \relax
  \let\deftp = \relax
  \let\deftypefn = \relax
  \let\deftypefun = \relax
  \let\deftypevar = \relax
  \let\deftypevr = \relax
  \let\defun = \relax
  \let\defvar = \relax
  \let\defvr = \relax
  \let\ref = \relax
  \let\xref = \relax
  \let\printindex = \relax
  \let\pxref = \relax
  \let\settitle = \relax
  \let\setchapternewpage = \relax
  \let\setchapterstyle = \relax
  \let\everyheading = \relax
  \let\evenheading = \relax
  \let\oddheading = \relax
  \let\everyfooting = \relax
  \let\evenfooting = \relax
  \let\oddfooting = \relax
  \let\headings = \relax
  \let\include = \relax
  \let\lowersections = \relax
  \let\down = \relax
  \let\raisesections = \relax
  \let\up = \relax
  \let\set = \relax
  \let\clear = \relax
  \let\item = \relax
}

% Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore.
%
\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}

% Ignore @ifinfo, @ifhtml, @ifnottex, @html, @menu, and @direntry text.
%
\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
\def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}}
\def\html{\doignore{html}}
\def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}

% @dircategory CATEGORY  -- specify a category of the dir file
% which this file should belong to.  Ignore this in TeX.
\let\dircategory = \comment

% Ignore text until a line `@end #1'.
%
\def\doignore#1{\begingroup
  % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
  \ignoresections
  %
  % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'.
  % This @ is a catcode 12 token (that is the normal catcode of @ in
  % this texinfo.tex file).  We change the catcode of @ below to match.
  \long\def\doignoretext##1@end #1{\enddoignore}%
  %
  % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
  \catcode32 = 10
  %
  % Ignore braces, too, so mismatched braces don't cause trouble.
  \catcode`\{ = 9
  \catcode`\} = 9
  %
  % We must not have @c interpreted as a control sequence.
  \catcode`\@ = 12
  %
  % Make the letter c a comment character so that the rest of the line
  % will be ignored. This way, the document can have (for example)
  %   @c @end ifinfo
  % and the @end ifinfo will be properly ignored.
  % (We've just changed @ to catcode 12.)
  \catcode`\c = 14
  %
  % And now expand that command.
  \doignoretext
}

% What we do to finish off ignored text.
%
\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}%

\newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse
\def\obstexwarn{%
  \ifwarnedobs\relax\else
  % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0.
  % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines.
    \immediate\write16{}
    \immediate\write16{WARNING: for users of Unix TeX 3.0!}
    \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).}
    \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.}
    \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.}
    \immediate\write16{  Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.}
    \immediate\write16{  (See ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/TeX.README.)}
    \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the}
    \immediate\write16{  script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution}
    \immediate\write16{  to use a workaround.}
    \immediate\write16{}
    \global\warnedobstrue
    \fi
}

% **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex.  For a
% workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed),
% uncomment the following line:
%%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax

% Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for
% purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command.
%
\def\nestedignore#1{%
  \obstexwarn
  % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end
  % command, so that nested ignore constructs work.  Thus, we put the
  % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result.  To minimize
  % the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on
  % page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font.
  %
  \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup
    % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
    \ignoresections
    %
    % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the
    % @end command again.
    \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}%
    %
    % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands.  Most cause no
    % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do
    % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we
    % undefine them.
    %
    % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately;
    % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors.
    \ignoremorecommands
    %
    % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define
    % all the font commands to also use \nullfont.  We don't use
    % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites
    % might have that installed.  Therefore, math mode will still
    % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of
    % stuff compared to the main input.
    %
    \nullfont
    \let\tenrm = \nullfont  \let\tenit = \nullfont  \let\tensl = \nullfont
    \let\tenbf = \nullfont  \let\tentt = \nullfont  \let\smallcaps = \nullfont
    \let\tensf = \nullfont
    % Similarly for index fonts (mostly for their use in
    % smallexample)
    \let\indrm = \nullfont  \let\indit = \nullfont  \let\indsl = \nullfont
    \let\indbf = \nullfont  \let\indtt = \nullfont  \let\indsc = \nullfont
    \let\indsf = \nullfont
    %
    % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts.
    \tracinglostchars = 0
    %
    % Don't bother to do space factor calculations.
    \frenchspacing
    %
    % Don't report underfull hboxes.
    \hbadness = 10000
    %
    % Do minimal line-breaking.
    \pretolerance = 10000
    %
    % Do not execute instructions in @tex
    \def\tex{\doignore{tex}}%
    % Do not execute macro definitions.
    % `c' is a comment character, so the word `macro' will get cut off.
    \def\macro{\doignore{ma}}%
}

% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
%
% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
% didn't need it.  Make sure the catcode of space is correct to avoid
% losing inside @example, for instance.
%
\def\set{\begingroup\catcode` =10
  \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12 % Allow - and _ in VAR.
  \parsearg\setxxx}
\def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
  \def\temp{#2}%
  \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty
  \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
  \fi
  \endgroup
}
% Can't use \xdef to pre-expand #2 and save some time, since \temp or
% \next or other control sequences that we've defined might get us into
% an infinite loop. Consider `@set foo @cite{bar}'.
\def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\gdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}}

% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
%
\def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx}
\def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax}

% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
%
{
  \catcode`\_ = \active
  %
  % We might end up with active _ or - characters in the argument if
  % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}.  So \let any
  % such active characters to their normal equivalents.
  \gdef\value{\begingroup
    \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12
    \indexbreaks \let_\normalunderscore
    \valuexxx}
}
\def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup}

% We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's
% properly in indexes (we \let\value to this in \indexdummies).  Ones
% whose names contain - or _ still won't work, but we can't do anything
% about that.  The command has to be fully expandable, since the result
% winds up in the index file.  This means that if the variable's value
% contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost certain it will fail
% (although perhaps we could fix that with sufficient work to do a
% one-level expansion on the result, instead of complete).
%
\def\expandablevalue#1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
    {[No value for ``#1'']}%
  \else
    \csname SET#1\endcsname
  \fi
}

% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
% with @set.
%
\def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx}
\def\ifsetxxx #1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
    \expandafter\ifsetfail
  \else
    \expandafter\ifsetsucceed
  \fi
}
\def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}}
\def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}}
\defineunmatchedend{ifset}

% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
%
\def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx}
\def\ifclearxxx #1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
    \expandafter\ifclearsucceed
  \else
    \expandafter\ifclearfail
  \fi
}
\def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}}
\def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}}
\defineunmatchedend{ifclear}

% @iftex, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo always succeed; we read the text
% following, through the first @end iftex (etc.).  Make `@end iftex'
% (etc.) valid only after an @iftex.
%
\def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}}
\def\ifnothtml{\conditionalsucceed{ifnothtml}}
\def\ifnotinfo{\conditionalsucceed{ifnotinfo}}
\defineunmatchedend{iftex}
\defineunmatchedend{ifnothtml}
\defineunmatchedend{ifnotinfo}

% We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it
% at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no
% effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group).  So we must
% define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value.  (We can't
% just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since
% the @ifset might be nested.)
%
\def\conditionalsucceed#1{%
  \edef\temp{%
    % Remember the current value of \E#1.
    \let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}%
    %
    % At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value.
    \def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}%
  }%
  \temp
}

% We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the
% control sequences after we've constructed them.
%
\def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}

% @asis just yields its argument.  Used with @table, for example.
%
\def\asis#1{#1}

% @math means output in math mode.
% We don't use $'s directly in the definition of \math because control
% sequences like \math are expanded when the toc file is written.  Then,
% we read the toc file back, the $'s will be normal characters (as they
% should be, according to the definition of Texinfo).  So we must use a
% control sequence to switch into and out of math mode.
%
% This isn't quite enough for @math to work properly in indices, but it
% seems unlikely it will ever be needed there.
%
\let\implicitmath = $
\def\math#1{\implicitmath #1\implicitmath}

% @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above.
\def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath}
\def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath}

% @refill is a no-op.
\let\refill=\relax

% If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to
% be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs.
% This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename).
%
\newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files.
\let\novalidate = \linksfalse

% @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file.
% So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input.
% This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo.
\def\setfilename{%
   \iflinks
     \readauxfile
   \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case.
   \openindices
   \fixbackslash  % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'.
   \global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds.
   %
   % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
   % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.
   % Just to be on the safe side, close the input stream before the \input.
   \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
   \ifeof1 \let\temp=\relax \else \def\temp{\input texinfo.cnf }\fi
   \closein1
   \temp
   %
   \comment % Ignore the actual filename.
}

% Called from \setfilename.
%
\def\openindices{%
  \newindex{cp}%
  \newcodeindex{fn}%
  \newcodeindex{vr}%
  \newcodeindex{tp}%
  \newcodeindex{ky}%
  \newcodeindex{pg}%
}

% @bye.
\outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend}


\message{fonts,}
% Font-change commands.

% Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
% So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc.
\newfam\sffam
\def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf}
\let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf.

% We don't need math for this one.
\def\ttsl{\tenttsl}

% Use Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf (11pt).
\newcount\mainmagstep
\mainmagstep=\magstephalf

% Set the font macro #1 to the font named #2, adding on the
% specified font prefix (normally `cm').
% #3 is the font's design size, #4 is a scale factor
\def\setfont#1#2#3#4{\font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4}

% Use cm as the default font prefix.
% To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix
% before you read in texinfo.tex.
\ifx\fontprefix\undefined
\def\fontprefix{cm}
\fi
% Support font families that don't use the same naming scheme as CM.
\def\rmshape{r}
\def\rmbshape{bx}               %where the normal face is bold
\def\bfshape{b}
\def\bxshape{bx}
\def\ttshape{tt}
\def\ttbshape{tt}
\def\ttslshape{sltt}
\def\itshape{ti}
\def\itbshape{bxti}
\def\slshape{sl}
\def\slbshape{bxsl}
\def\sfshape{ss}
\def\sfbshape{ss}
\def\scshape{csc}
\def\scbshape{csc}

\ifx\bigger\relax
\let\mainmagstep=\magstep1
\setfont\textrm\rmshape{12}{1000}
\setfont\texttt\ttshape{12}{1000}
\else
\setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\fi
% Instead of cmb10, you many want to use cmbx10.
% cmbx10 is a prettier font on its own, but cmb10
% looks better when embedded in a line with cmr10.
\setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep

% A few fonts for @defun, etc.
\setfont\defbf\bxshape{10}{\magstep1} %was 1314
\setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}
\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf}

% Fonts for indices and small examples (9pt).
% We actually use the slanted font rather than the italic,
% because texinfo normally uses the slanted fonts for that.
% Do not make many font distinctions in general in the index, since they
% aren't very useful.
\setfont\ninett\ttshape{9}{1000}
\setfont\ninettsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
\setfont\indrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
\setfont\indit\itshape{9}{1000}
\setfont\indsl\slshape{9}{1000}
\let\indtt=\ninett
\let\indttsl=\ninettsl
\let\indsf=\indrm
\let\indbf=\indrm
\setfont\indsc\scshape{10}{900}
\font\indi=cmmi9
\font\indsy=cmsy9

% Fonts for title page:
\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}
\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}
\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}
\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}
\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}
\let\titlebf=\titlerm
\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}
\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3
\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4
\def\authorrm{\secrm}

% Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt).
\setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2}
\setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep3}
\setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3}
\setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2}
\setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3}
\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000}
\let\chapbf=\chaprm
\setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3}
\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3

% Section fonts (14.4pt).
\setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}
\setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}
\setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}
\setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}
\setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}
\setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}
\let\secbf\secrm
\setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}
\font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2

% \setfont\ssecrm\bxshape{10}{\magstep1}    % This size an font looked bad.
% \setfont\ssecit\itshape{10}{\magstep1}    % The letters were too crowded.
% \setfont\ssecsl\slshape{10}{\magstep1}
% \setfont\ssectt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}
% \setfont\ssecsf\sfshape{10}{\magstep1}

%\setfont\ssecrm\bfshape{10}{1315}      % Note the use of cmb rather than cmbx.
%\setfont\ssecit\itshape{10}{1315}      % Also, the size is a little larger than
%\setfont\ssecsl\slshape{10}{1315}      % being scaled magstep1.
%\setfont\ssectt\ttshape{10}{1315}
%\setfont\ssecsf\sfshape{10}{1315}

%\let\ssecbf=\ssecrm

% Subsection fonts (13.15pt).
\setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
\setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315}
\setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315}
\setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315}
\setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
\let\ssecbf\ssecrm
\setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep1}
\font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315
% The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5,
% but that is not a standard magnification.

% In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters,
% we have to define the \textfont of the standard families.  Since
% texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts, we
% don't bother to reset \scriptfont and \scriptscriptfont (which would
% also require loading a lot more fonts).
%
\def\resetmathfonts{%
  \textfont0 = \tenrm \textfont1 = \teni \textfont2 = \tensy
  \textfont\itfam = \tenit \textfont\slfam = \tensl \textfont\bffam = \tenbf
  \textfont\ttfam = \tentt \textfont\sffam = \tensf
}


% The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead
% of just \STYLE.  We do this so that font changes will continue to work
% in math mode, where it is the current \fam that is relevant in most
% cases, not the current font.  Plain TeX does \def\bf{\fam=\bffam
% \tenbf}, for example.  By redefining \tenbf, we obviate the need to
% redefine \bf itself.
\def\textfonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl
  \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc
  \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy \let\tenttsl=\textttsl
  \resetmathfonts}
\def\titlefonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl
  \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc
  \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy
  \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl
  \resetmathfonts \setleading{25pt}}
\def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rm #1}}
\def\chapfonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl
  \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc
  \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy \let\tenttsl=\chapttsl
  \resetmathfonts \setleading{19pt}}
\def\secfonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl
  \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc
  \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy \let\tenttsl=\secttsl
  \resetmathfonts \setleading{16pt}}
\def\subsecfonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl
  \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc
  \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl
  \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}}
\let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts % Maybe make sssec fonts scaled magstephalf?
\def\indexfonts{%
  \let\tenrm=\indrm \let\tenit=\indit \let\tensl=\indsl
  \let\tenbf=\indbf \let\tentt=\indtt \let\smallcaps=\indsc
  \let\tensf=\indsf \let\teni=\indi \let\tensy=\indsy \let\tenttsl=\indttsl
  \resetmathfonts \setleading{12pt}}

% Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes.
%
\textfonts

% Define these so they can be easily changed for other fonts.
\def\angleleft{$\langle$}
\def\angleright{$\rangle$}

% Count depth in font-changes, for error checks
\newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0

% Fonts for short table of contents.
\setfont\shortcontrm\rmshape{12}{1000}
\setfont\shortcontbf\bxshape{12}{1000}
\setfont\shortcontsl\slshape{12}{1000}

%% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans
%% serif) and @ii for TeX italic

% \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction
% unless the following character is such as not to need one.
\def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi}
\def\smartslanted#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
\def\smartitalic#1{{\it #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}

\let\i=\smartitalic
\let\var=\smartslanted
\let\dfn=\smartslanted
\let\emph=\smartitalic
\let\cite=\smartslanted

\def\b#1{{\bf #1}}
\let\strong=\b

% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
% the end of a paragraph.  Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
%
\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1  \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }

\def\t#1{%
  {\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}%
  \null
}
\let\ttfont=\t
\def\samp#1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
\font\smallsy=cmsy9
\def\key#1{{\smallrm\textfont2=\smallsy \leavevmode\hbox{%
  \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{%
    \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt
     \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}%
    \kern-0.4pt\hrule}%
  \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}}
% The old definition, with no lozenge:
%\def\key #1{{\ttsl \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null}
\def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1}

% @file, @option are the same as @samp.
\let\file=\samp
\let\option=\samp

% @code is a modification of @t,
% which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text.
\def\tclose#1{%
  {%
    % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font.
    \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font
    %
    % Switch to typewriter.
    \tt
    %
    % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
    \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
    %
    % Turn off hyphenation.
    \nohyphenation
    %
    \rawbackslash
    \frenchspacing
    #1%
  }%
  \null
}

% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in \code.
% Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes
% in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.

% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash.
%  -- rms.
{
  \catcode`\-=\active
  \catcode`\_=\active
  %
  \global\def\code{\begingroup
    \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash
    \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder
    \codex
  }
  %
  % If we end up with any active - characters when handling the index,
  % just treat them as a normal -.
  \global\def\indexbreaks{\catcode`\-=\active \let-\realdash}
}

\def\realdash{-}
\def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}}
\def\codeunder{\ifusingtt{\normalunderscore\discretionary{}{}{}}{\_}}
\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}

%\let\exp=\tclose  %Was temporary

% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
% then @kbd has no effect.

% @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always),
%   `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends),
%   or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always).
\def\kbdinputstyle{\parsearg\kbdinputstylexxx}
\def\kbdinputstylexxx#1{%
  \def\arg{#1}%
  \ifx\arg\worddistinct
    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}%
  \else\ifx\arg\wordexample
    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
  \else\ifx\arg\wordcode
    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
  \fi\fi\fi
}
\def\worddistinct{distinct}
\def\wordexample{example}
\def\wordcode{code}

% Default is kbdinputdistinct.  (Too much of a hassle to call the macro,
% the catcodes are wrong for parsearg to work.)
\gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}

\def\xkey{\key}
\def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
\ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi
\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi}

% For @url, @env, @command quotes seem unnecessary, so use \code.
\let\url=\code
\let\env=\code
\let\command=\code

% @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated)
% second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third
% arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url
% itself.  First (mandatory) arg is the url.  Perhaps eventually put in
% a hypertex \special here.
%
\def\uref#1{\douref #1,,,\finish}
\def\douref#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{%
  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}%
  \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
    \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that
  \else
    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
    \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
      \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% second arg given, show both it and url
    \else
      \code{#1}% only url given, so show it
    \fi
  \fi
}

% rms does not like the angle brackets --karl, 17may97.
% So now @email is just like @uref.
%\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright}
\let\email=\uref

% Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
% Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
% shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
% this property, we can check that font parameter.
%
\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }

% Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'.  The only reason for the
% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt.
%
\def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1}

\def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par}

% @l was never documented to mean ``switch to the Lisp font'',
% and it is not used as such in any manual I can find.  We need it for
% Polish suppressed-l.  --karl, 22sep96.
%\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null}

% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
\def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
\def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
\def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font

% @acronym downcases the argument and prints in smallcaps.
\def\acronym#1{{\smallcaps \lowercase{#1}}}

% @pounds{} is a sterling sign.
\def\pounds{{\it\$}}


\message{page headings,}

\newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in
\newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc

% First the title page.  Must do @settitle before @titlepage.
\newif\ifseenauthor
\newif\iffinishedtitlepage

% Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the
% user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage.
%
\newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
 \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
\newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
 \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue

\def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz}
\def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
        \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}

\def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts
   \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm
   \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}%
   %
   \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines}%
   %
   % Leave some space at the very top of the page.
   \vglue\titlepagetopglue
   %
   % Now you can print the title using @title.
   \def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}%
   \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefonts\rm ##1}
                    % print a rule at the page bottom also.
                    \finishedtitlepagefalse
                    \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt}%
   % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
   \finishedtitlepagetrue
   %
   % Now you can put text using @subtitle.
   \def\subtitle{\parsearg\subtitlezzz}%
   \def\subtitlezzz##1{{\subtitlefont \rightline{##1}}}%
   %
   % @author should come last, but may come many times.
   \def\author{\parsearg\authorzzz}%
   \def\authorzzz##1{\ifseenauthor\else\vskip 0pt plus 1filll\seenauthortrue\fi
      {\authorfont \leftline{##1}}}%
   %
   % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space
   % at the top of the second.  We don't want the ragged left on the second.
   \let\oldpage = \page
   \def\page{%
      \iffinishedtitlepage\else
         \finishtitlepage
      \fi
      \oldpage
      \let\page = \oldpage
      \hbox{}}%
%   \def\page{\oldpage \hbox{}}
}

\def\Etitlepage{%
   \iffinishedtitlepage\else
      \finishtitlepage
   \fi
   % It is important to do the page break before ending the group,
   % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group.
   % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
   % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
   \oldpage
   \endgroup
   %
   % If they want short, they certainly want long too.
   \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
     \shortcontents
     \contents
     \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
     \global\let\contents = \relax
   \fi
   %
   \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
     \contents
     \global\let\contents = \relax
     \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
   \fi
   %
   \HEADINGSon
}

\def\finishtitlepage{%
   \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize
   \vskip\titlepagebottomglue
   \finishedtitlepagetrue
}

%%% Set up page headings and footings.

\let\thispage=\folio

\newtoks\evenheadline    % headline on even pages
\newtoks\oddheadline     % headline on odd pages
\newtoks\evenfootline    % footline on even pages
\newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages

% Now make Tex use those variables
\headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline
                            \else \the\evenheadline \fi}}
\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
                            \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
\let\HEADINGShook=\relax

% Commands to set those variables.
% For example, this is what  @headings on  does
% @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter
% @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle
% @evenfooting @thisfile||
% @oddfooting ||@thisfile

\def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx}
\def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx}
\def\everyheading{\parsearg\everyheadingxxx}

\def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx}
\def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx}
\def\everyfooting{\parsearg\everyfootingxxx}

{\catcode`\@=0 %

\gdef\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\evenheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}

\gdef\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}

\gdef\everyheadingxxx#1{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}%

\gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}

\gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
  \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}%
  %
  % Leave some space for the footline.  Hopefully ok to assume
  % @evenfooting will not be used by itself.
  \global\advance\pageheight by -\baselineskip
  \global\advance\vsize by -\baselineskip
}

\gdef\everyfootingxxx#1{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}}
%
}% unbind the catcode of @.

% @headings double      turns headings on for double-sided printing.
% @headings single      turns headings on for single-sided printing.
% @headings off         turns them off.
% @headings on          same as @headings double, retained for compatibility.
% @headings after       turns on double-sided headings after this page.
% @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page.
% @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page.
% By default, they are off at the start of a document,
% and turned `on' after @end titlepage.

\def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname}

\def\HEADINGSoff{
\global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}}
\HEADINGSoff
% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
% For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
% chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
% title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
% edge of all pages.
\def\HEADINGSdouble{
\global\pageno=1
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
}
\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager

% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
% page number on top right.
\def\HEADINGSsingle{
\global\pageno=1
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
}
\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}

\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
\def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
}

\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
\def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
}

% Subroutines used in generating headings
% Produces Day Month Year style of output.
\def\today{%
  \number\day\space
  \ifcase\month
  \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr
  \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug
  \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec
  \fi
  \space\number\year}

% @settitle line...  specifies the title of the document, for headings.
% It generates no output of its own.
\def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle}
\def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz}
\def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}}


\message{tables,}
% Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x).

% default indentation of table text
\newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in
% default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text
\newdimen\itemindent  \itemindent=.3in
% margin between end of table item and start of table text.
\newdimen\itemmargin  \itemmargin=.1in

% used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin
\newdimen\itemmax

% Note @table, @vtable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with
% these defs.
% They also define \itemindex
% to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none).

\newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip

\def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\nobreak\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi}

\def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz}
\def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz}

\def\internalBxitem "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \smallbreak \parsearg\xitemzzz}
\def\internalBxitemx "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \itemxpar \parsearg\xitemzzz}

\def\internalBkitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\kitemzzz}
\def\internalBkitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\kitemzzz}

\def\kitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \lastfunction}}%
                 \itemzzz {#1}}

\def\xitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \xitemsubtopic}}%
                 \itemzzz {#1}}

\def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup %
  \advance\hsize by -\rightskip
  \advance\hsize by -\tableindent
  \setbox0=\hbox{\itemfont{#1}}%
  \itemindex{#1}%
  \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx.
  %
  % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line
  % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that
  % line.  We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next
  % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the
  % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space.
  \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax
    %
    % Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping,
    % but leave it ragged-right.
    \begingroup
      \advance\leftskip by-\tableindent
      \advance\hsize by\tableindent
      \advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil
      \leavevmode\unhbox0\par
    \endgroup
    %
    % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the
    % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started.
    \nobreak \vskip-\parskip
    %
    % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up.  Unfortunately
    % we can't prevent a possible page break at the following
    % \baselineskip glue.
    \nobreak
    \endgroup
    \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
  \else
    % The item text fits into the space.  Start a paragraph, so that the
    % following text (if any) will end up on the same line.
    \noindent
    % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in
    % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and
    % eventually be printed.
    \nobreak\kern-\tableindent
    \dimen0 = \itemmax  \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
    \unhbox0
    \nobreak\kern\dimen0
    \endgroup
    \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue
  \fi
}

\def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a table}}
\def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a table}}
\def\kitem{\errmessage{@kitem while not in a table}}
\def\kitemx{\errmessage{@kitemx while not in a table}}
\def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}}
\def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}}

% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work.
\def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}}

% @table, @ftable, @vtable.
\def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\tablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\dontindex#1        \endtabley}}

\def\ftable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\ftablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\ftablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\fnitemindex#1        \endtabley
\def\Eftable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\Etable=\relax}}

\def\vtable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\vtablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\vtablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\vritemindex#1        \endtabley
\def\Evtable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\Etable=\relax}}

\def\dontindex #1{}
\def\fnitemindex #1{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}}%
\def\vritemindex #1{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}}%

{\obeyspaces %
\gdef\tabley#1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7\endtabley{\endgroup%
\tablez{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}

\def\tablez #1#2#3#4#5#6{%
\aboveenvbreak %
\begingroup %
\def\Edescription{\Etable}% Necessary kludge.
\let\itemindex=#1%
\ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \leftskip by #3\mil \fi %
\ifnum 0#4>0 \tableindent=#4\mil \fi %
\ifnum 0#5>0 \advance \rightskip by #5\mil \fi %
\def\itemfont{#2}%
\itemmax=\tableindent %
\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin %
\advance \leftskip by \tableindent %
\exdentamount=\tableindent
\parindent = 0pt
\parskip = \smallskipamount
\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi%
\def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\item = \internalBitem %
\let\itemx = \internalBitemx %
\let\kitem = \internalBkitem %
\let\kitemx = \internalBkitemx %
\let\xitem = \internalBxitem %
\let\xitemx = \internalBxitemx %
}

% This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize

\newcount \itemno

\def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz}

\def\itemizezzz #1{%
  \begingroup % ended by the @end itemize
  \itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize}
}

\def\itemizey #1#2{%
\aboveenvbreak %
\itemmax=\itemindent %
\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin %
\advance \leftskip by \itemindent %
\exdentamount=\itemindent
\parindent = 0pt %
\parskip = \smallskipamount %
\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi%
\def#2{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\def\itemcontents{#1}%
\let\item=\itemizeitem}

% Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
% These are `.?!:;,'
\def\frenchspacing{\sfcode46=1000 \sfcode63=1000 \sfcode33=1000
  \sfcode58=1000 \sfcode59=1000 \sfcode44=1000 }

% \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in
% TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder.
%
\def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}%

% Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,
% or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list.  No
% argument is the same as `1'.
%
\def\enumerate{\parsearg\enumeratezzz}
\def\enumeratezzz #1{\enumeratey #1  \endenumeratey}
\def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{%
  \begingroup % ended by the @end enumerate
  %
  % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'.
  \def\thearg{#1}%
  \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi
  %
  % Detect if the argument is a single token.  If so, it might be a
  % letter.  Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number.
  % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made.
  % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at
  % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.)
  \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark
  \ifx\rest\empty
    % Only one token in the argument.  It could still be anything.
    % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero.
    % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and
    %   not equal to itself.
    % Otherwise, we assume it's a number.
    %
    % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from
    % continuing to look for a <number>.
    %
    \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax
      \numericenumerate % a number (we hope)
    \else
      % It's a letter.
      \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax
        \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter
      \else
        \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter
      \fi
    \fi
  \else
    % Multiple tokens in the argument.  We hope it's a number.
    \numericenumerate
  \fi
}

% An @enumerate whose labels are integers.  The starting integer is
% given in \thearg.
%
\def\numericenumerate{%
  \itemno = \thearg
  \startenumeration{\the\itemno}%
}

% The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg.
\def\lowercaseenumerate{%
  \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
  \startenumeration{%
    % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
    \ifnum\itemno=0
      \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
                  alphabet}%
    \fi
    \char\lccode\itemno
  }%
}

% The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg.
\def\uppercaseenumerate{%
  \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
  \startenumeration{%
    % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
    \ifnum\itemno=0
      \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
                  alphabet}
    \fi
    \char\uccode\itemno
  }%
}

% Call itemizey, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the
% common last two arguments.  Also subtract one from the initial value in
% \itemno, since @item increments \itemno.
%
\def\startenumeration#1{%
  \advance\itemno by -1
  \itemizey{#1.}\Eenumerate\flushcr
}

% @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg
% to @enumerate.
%
\def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}}
\def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}}
\def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate}
\def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate}

% Definition of @item while inside @itemize.

\def\itemizeitem{%
\advance\itemno by 1
{\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}%
\ifhmode \errmessage{In hmode at itemizeitem}\fi
{\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt
\hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}%
\vadjust{\penalty 1200}}%
\flushcr}

% @multitable macros
% Amy Hendrickson, 8/18/94, 3/6/96
%
% @multitable ... @end multitable will make as many columns as desired.
% Contents of each column will wrap at width given in preamble.  Width
% can be specified either with sample text given in a template line,
% or in percent of \hsize, the current width of text on page.

% Table can continue over pages but will only break between lines.

% To make preamble:
%
% Either define widths of columns in terms of percent of \hsize:
%   @multitable @columnfractions .25 .3 .45
%   @item ...
%
%   Numbers following @columnfractions are the percent of the total
%   current hsize to be used for each column. You may use as many
%   columns as desired.


% Or use a template:
%   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
%   @item ...
%   using the widest term desired in each column.
%
% For those who want to use more than one line's worth of words in
% the preamble, break the line within one argument and it
% will parse correctly, i.e.,
%
%     @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3
%      template}
% Not:
%     @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template}
%      {Column 3 template}

% Each new table line starts with @item, each subsequent new column
% starts with @tab. Empty columns may be produced by supplying @tab's
% with nothing between them for as many times as empty columns are needed,
% ie, @tab@tab@tab will produce two empty columns.

% @item, @tab, @multitable or @end multitable do not need to be on their
% own lines, but it will not hurt if they are.

% Sample multitable:

%   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
%   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff @tab third col
%   @item
%   first col stuff
%   @tab
%   second col stuff
%   @tab
%   third col
%   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff
%   @tab Many paragraphs of text may be used in any column.
%
%         They will wrap at the width determined by the template.
%   @item@tab@tab This will be in third column.
%   @end multitable

% Default dimensions may be reset by user.
% @multitableparskip is vertical space between paragraphs in table.
% @multitableparindent is paragraph indent in table.
% @multitablecolmargin is horizontal space to be left between columns.
% @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline
%                                                            to baseline.
%   0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing.
%
\newskip\multitableparskip
\newskip\multitableparindent
\newdimen\multitablecolspace
\newskip\multitablelinespace
\multitableparskip=0pt
\multitableparindent=6pt
\multitablecolspace=12pt
\multitablelinespace=0pt

% Macros used to set up halign preamble:
%
\let\endsetuptable\relax
\def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable}
\let\columnfractions\relax
\def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions}
\newif\ifsetpercent

% #1 is the part of the @columnfraction before the decimal point, which
% is presumably either 0 or the empty string (but we don't check, we
% just throw it away).  #2 is the decimal part, which we use as the
% percent of \hsize for this column.
\def\pickupwholefraction#1.#2 {%
  \global\advance\colcount by 1
  \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{.#2\hsize}%
  \setuptable
}

\newcount\colcount
\def\setuptable#1{%
  \def\firstarg{#1}%
  \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable
    \let\go = \relax
  \else
    \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions
      \global\setpercenttrue
    \else
      \ifsetpercent
         \let\go\pickupwholefraction
      \else
         \global\advance\colcount by 1
         \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip }% Add a normal word space as a separator;
                            % typically that is always in the input, anyway.
         \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
      \fi
    \fi
    \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction
      % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so
      % we'll always have a period there to be parsed.
      \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}%
    \else
      \let\go = \setuptable
    \fi%
  \fi
  \go
}

% multitable syntax
\def\tab{&\hskip1sp\relax} % 2/2/96
                           % tiny skip here makes sure this column space is
                           % maintained, even if it is never used.

% @multitable ... @end multitable definitions:
%
\def\multitable{\parsearg\dotable}
\def\dotable#1{\bgroup
  \vskip\parskip
  \let\item\crcr
  \tolerance=9500
  \hbadness=9500
  \setmultitablespacing
  \parskip=\multitableparskip
  \parindent=\multitableparindent
  \overfullrule=0pt
  \global\colcount=0
  \def\Emultitable{\global\setpercentfalse\cr\egroup\egroup}%
  %
  % To parse everything between @multitable and @item:
  \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable
  %
  % \everycr will reset column counter, \colcount, at the end of
  % each line. Every column entry will cause \colcount to advance by one.
  % The table preamble
  % looks at the current \colcount to find the correct column width.
  \everycr{\noalign{%
  %
  % \filbreak%% keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages.
  % Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the table
  % breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better?  Wait until the problem
  % manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl.
    \global\colcount=0\relax}}%
  %
  % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will
  % be used as many times as user calls for columns.
  % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and
  % continue for many paragraphs if desired.
  \halign\bgroup&\global\advance\colcount by 1\relax
    \multistrut\vtop{\hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
  %
  % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other
  % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after
  % the first one.
  %
  % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace
  % to the width of each template entry.
  %
  % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will
  % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip
  % will keep entries from bumping into each other.  Table will start at
  % left margin and final column will justify at right margin.
  %
  % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment.
  \rightskip=0pt
  \ifnum\colcount=1
    % The first column will be indented with the surrounding text.
    \advance\hsize by\leftskip
  \else
    \ifsetpercent \else
      % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
      % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace.
      \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace
    \fi
   % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace:
  \leftskip=\multitablecolspace
  \fi
  % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious
  % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the
  % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself.
  % For example:
  % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89
  % @item @code{#}
  % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country.
  % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively marking
  % characters.
  \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut}\cr
}

\def\setmultitablespacing{% test to see if user has set \multitablelinespace.
% If so, do nothing. If not, give it an appropriate dimension based on
% current baselineskip.
\ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt
%% strut to put in table in case some entry doesn't have descenders,
%% to keep lines equally spaced
\let\multistrut = \strut
%% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of
%% table. If not, do nothing.
%%        If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace.
\else
\gdef\multistrut{\vrule height\multitablelinespace depth\dp0
width0pt\relax} \fi
\ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace
\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
                                      %% than skip between lines in the table.
\fi%
\ifdim\multitableparskip=0pt
\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
                                      %% than skip between lines in the table.
\fi}


\message{indexing,}
% Index generation facilities

% Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite
% except not \outer, so it can be used within \newindex.
{\catcode`\@=11
\gdef\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}}

% \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo.
% It automatically defines \fooindex such that
% \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo.
% It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for
% the file that accumulates this index.  The file's extension is foo.
% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
% for the sake of vms.
%
\def\newindex#1{%
  \iflinks
    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
  \fi
  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define @#1index
    \noexpand\doindex{#1}}
}

% @defindex foo  ==  \newindex{foo}

\def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex}

% Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code.

\def\newcodeindex#1{%
  \iflinks
    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1
  \fi
  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%
    \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}
}

\def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex}

% @synindex foo bar    makes index foo feed into index bar.
% Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index.
% The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the
% Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files.
\def\synindex#1 #2 {%
  \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
  \expandafter\closeout\csname#1indfile\endcsname
  \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% define \xxxindex
    \noexpand\doindex{#2}}%
}

% @syncodeindex foo bar   similar, but put all entries made for index foo
% inside @code.
\def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {%
  \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
  \expandafter\closeout\csname#1indfile\endcsname
  \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% define \xxxindex
    \noexpand\docodeindex{#2}}%
}

% Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros.
% Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro,
%  and it is "foo", the name of the index.

% \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work.
% This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros.

% There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
% which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index.

\def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer}
\def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}}

% like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument.
\def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer}
\def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}}

\def\indexdummies{%
\def\ { }%
% Take care of the plain tex accent commands.
\def\"{\realbackslash "}%
\def\`{\realbackslash `}%
\def\'{\realbackslash '}%
\def\^{\realbackslash ^}%
\def\~{\realbackslash ~}%
\def\={\realbackslash =}%
\def\b{\realbackslash b}%
\def\c{\realbackslash c}%
\def\d{\realbackslash d}%
\def\u{\realbackslash u}%
\def\v{\realbackslash v}%
\def\H{\realbackslash H}%
% Take care of the plain tex special European modified letters.
\def\oe{\realbackslash oe}%
\def\ae{\realbackslash ae}%
\def\aa{\realbackslash aa}%
\def\OE{\realbackslash OE}%
\def\AE{\realbackslash AE}%
\def\AA{\realbackslash AA}%
\def\o{\realbackslash o}%
\def\O{\realbackslash O}%
\def\l{\realbackslash l}%
\def\L{\realbackslash L}%
\def\ss{\realbackslash ss}%
% Take care of texinfo commands likely to appear in an index entry.
% (Must be a way to avoid doing expansion at all, and thus not have to
% laboriously list every single command here.)
\def\@{@}% will be @@ when we switch to @ as escape char.
% Need these in case \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again.
% But can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes
% braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters.
\let\{ = \mylbrace
\let\} = \myrbrace
\def\_{{\realbackslash _}}%
\def\w{\realbackslash w }%
\def\bf{\realbackslash bf }%
%\def\rm{\realbackslash rm }%
\def\sl{\realbackslash sl }%
\def\sf{\realbackslash sf}%
\def\tt{\realbackslash tt}%
\def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}%
\def\less{\realbackslash less}%
\def\hat{\realbackslash hat}%
\def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}%
\def\dots{\realbackslash dots }%
\def\result{\realbackslash result}%
\def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv}%
\def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion}%
\def\print{\realbackslash print}%
\def\error{\realbackslash error}%
\def\point{\realbackslash point}%
\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright}%
\def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}%
\def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}%
\def\uref##1{\realbackslash uref {##1}}%
\def\url##1{\realbackslash url {##1}}%
\def\env##1{\realbackslash env {##1}}%
\def\command##1{\realbackslash command {##1}}%
\def\option##1{\realbackslash option {##1}}%
\def\dotless##1{\realbackslash dotless {##1}}%
\def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}%
\def\,##1{\realbackslash ,{##1}}%
\def\t##1{\realbackslash t {##1}}%
\def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}%
\def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}}%
\def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}}%
\def\sc##1{\realbackslash sc {##1}}%
\def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}}%
\def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}}%
\def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}}%
\def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}}%
\def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}%
\def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}%
\def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}%
\def\acronym##1{\realbackslash acronym {##1}}%
%
% Handle some cases of @value -- where the variable name does not
% contain - or _, and the value does not contain any
% (non-fully-expandable) commands.
\let\value = \expandablevalue
%
\unsepspaces
% Turn off macro expansion
\turnoffmacros
}

% If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces
% therein should become regular spaces in the raw index file, not the
% expansion of \tie (\\leavevmode \penalty \@M \ ).
{\obeyspaces
 \gdef\unsepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\space}}

% \indexnofonts no-ops all font-change commands.
% This is used when outputting the strings to sort the index by.
\def\indexdummyfont#1{#1}
\def\indexdummytex{TeX}
\def\indexdummydots{...}

\def\indexnofonts{%
% Just ignore accents.
\let\,=\indexdummyfont
\let\"=\indexdummyfont
\let\`=\indexdummyfont
\let\'=\indexdummyfont
\let\^=\indexdummyfont
\let\~=\indexdummyfont
\let\==\indexdummyfont
\let\b=\indexdummyfont
\let\c=\indexdummyfont
\let\d=\indexdummyfont
\let\u=\indexdummyfont
\let\v=\indexdummyfont
\let\H=\indexdummyfont
\let\dotless=\indexdummyfont
% Take care of the plain tex special European modified letters.
\def\oe{oe}%
\def\ae{ae}%
\def\aa{aa}%
\def\OE{OE}%
\def\AE{AE}%
\def\AA{AA}%
\def\o{o}%
\def\O{O}%
\def\l{l}%
\def\L{L}%
\def\ss{ss}%
\let\w=\indexdummyfont
\let\t=\indexdummyfont
\let\r=\indexdummyfont
\let\i=\indexdummyfont
\let\b=\indexdummyfont
\let\emph=\indexdummyfont
\let\strong=\indexdummyfont
\let\cite=\indexdummyfont
\let\sc=\indexdummyfont
%Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
% and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |...
%\let\tt=\indexdummyfont
\let\tclose=\indexdummyfont
\let\code=\indexdummyfont
\let\url=\indexdummyfont
\let\uref=\indexdummyfont
\let\env=\indexdummyfont
\let\command=\indexdummyfont
\let\option=\indexdummyfont
\let\file=\indexdummyfont
\let\samp=\indexdummyfont
\let\kbd=\indexdummyfont
\let\key=\indexdummyfont
\let\var=\indexdummyfont
\let\TeX=\indexdummytex
\let\dots=\indexdummydots
\def\@{@}%
}

% To define \realbackslash, we must make \ not be an escape.
% We must first make another character (@) an escape
% so we do not become unable to do a definition.

{\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other
 @gdef@realbackslash{\}}

\let\indexbackslash=0  %overridden during \printindex.
\let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)?

% For \ifx comparisons.
\def\emptymacro{\empty}

% Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case.
%
\def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}\empty}

% Workhorse for all \fooindexes.
% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry --
% \empty if called from \doind, as we usually are.  The main exception
% is with defuns, which call us directly.
%
\def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
  % Put the index entry in the margin if desired.
  \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else
    \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt #2}}%
  \fi
  {%
    \count255=\lastpenalty
    {%
      \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
      \escapechar=`\\
      {%
        \let\folio = 0% We will expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio.
        \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now
        % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash.
        %
        \def\thirdarg{#3}%
        %
        % If third arg is present, precede it with space in sort key.
        \ifx\thirdarg\emptymacro
          \let\subentry = \empty
        \else
          \def\subentry{ #3}%
        \fi
        %
        % First process the index entry with all font commands turned
        % off to get the string to sort by.
        {\indexnofonts \xdef\indexsorttmp{#2\subentry}}%
        %
        % Now the real index entry with the fonts.
        \toks0 = {#2}%
        %
        % If third (subentry) arg is present, add it to the index
        % string.  And include a space.
        \ifx\thirdarg\emptymacro \else
          \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}%
        \fi
        %
        % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key
        % and the original text, including any font commands.  We write
        % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file, texindex reduces to
        % two when writing the .??s sorted result.
        \edef\temp{%
          \write\csname#1indfile\endcsname{%
            \realbackslash entry{\indexsorttmp}{\folio}{\the\toks0}}%
        }%
        %
        % If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it
        % by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting
        % the skip again.  Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the
        % \write will make \lastskip zero.  The result is that sequences
        % like this:
        % @end defun
        % @tindex whatever
        % @defun ...
        % will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the
        % start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of
        % the previous defun.
        %
        % But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode.  We
        % don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph.
        %
        % Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too.
        %
        \iflinks
          \ifvmode
            \skip0 = \lastskip
            \ifdim\lastskip = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip-\lastskip \fi
          \fi
          %
          \temp % do the write
          %
          %
          \ifvmode \ifdim\skip0 = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip\skip0 \fi \fi
        \fi
      }%
    }%
    \penalty\count255
  }%
}

% The index entry written in the file actually looks like
%  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}
% or
%  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic}
% The texindex program reads in these files and writes files
% containing these kinds of lines:
%  \initial {c}
%     before the first topic whose initial is c
%  \entry {topic}{pagelist}
%     for a topic that is used without subtopics
%  \primary {topic}
%     for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics
%  \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist}
%     for each subtopic.

% Define the user-accessible indexing commands
% @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex.

\def\findex {\fnindex}
\def\kindex {\kyindex}
\def\cindex {\cpindex}
\def\vindex {\vrindex}
\def\tindex {\tpindex}
\def\pindex {\pgindex}

\def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub}
{\obeylines %
\gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup %
\dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}}

% Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material.

% @printindex causes a particular index (the ??s file) to get printed.
% It does not print any chapter heading (usually an @unnumbered).
%
\def\printindex{\parsearg\doprintindex}
\def\doprintindex#1{\begingroup
  \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}%
  %
  \indexfonts \rm
  \tolerance = 9500
  \indexbreaks
  %
  % See if the index file exists and is nonempty.
  % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains
  % \initial {@}
  % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces
  % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence).
  \catcode`\@ = 11
  \openin 1 \jobname.#1s
  \ifeof 1
    % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index,
    % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the
    % index.  The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure
    % there is some text.
    \putwordIndexNonexistent
  \else
    %
    % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof
    % false.  We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so
    % it can discover if there is anything in it.
    \read 1 to \temp
    \ifeof 1
      \putwordIndexIsEmpty
    \else
      % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape
      % character.  It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change
      % to make right now.
      \def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx}%
      \catcode`\\ = 0
      \escapechar = `\\
      \begindoublecolumns
      \input \jobname.#1s
      \enddoublecolumns
    \fi
  \fi
  \closein 1
\endgroup}

% These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
% Change them to control the appearance of the index.

\def\initial#1{{%
  % Some minor font changes for the special characters.
  \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
  %
  % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own.
  \removelastskip
  %
  % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus.
  \penalty -300
  %
  % Typeset the initial.  Making this add up to a whole number of
  % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column
  % to column.  It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch
  % we need before each entry, but it's better.
  %
  % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns.
  \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
  \leftline{\secbf #1}%
  \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip
  %
  % Do our best not to break after the initial.
  \nobreak
}}

% This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2
% flush to the right margin.  It is used for index and table of contents
% entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
%
\def\entry#1#2{\begingroup
  %
  % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't
  % affect previous text.
  \par
  %
  % Do not fill out the last line with white space.
  \parfillskip = 0in
  %
  % No extra space above this paragraph.
  \parskip = 0in
  %
  % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines.
  \finalhyphendemerits = 0
  %
  % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number
  % don't both fit on one line.  In that case, bob suggests starting the
  % dots pretty far over on the line.  Unfortunately, a large
  % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across
  % lines.  So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders.
  %
  % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start
  % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that.
  \hangindent = 2em
  %
  % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line
  % with blank space.
  \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil
  %
  % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing columns.
  \vskip 0pt plus1pt
  %
  % Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking
  % parameters we've set above will have an effect.
  \noindent
  %
  % Insert the text of the index entry.  TeX will do line-breaking on it.
  #1%
  % The following is kludged to not output a line of dots in the index if
  % there are no page numbers.  The next person who breaks this will be
  % cursed by a Unix daemon.
  \def\tempa{{\rm }}%
  \def\tempb{#2}%
  \edef\tempc{\tempa}%
  \edef\tempd{\tempb}%
  \ifx\tempc\tempd\ \else%
    %
    % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out
    % this line with blank space.  (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the
    % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.)
    \hfil\penalty50
    \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number.
    %
    % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as
    % part of (the primitive) \par.  Without it, a spurious underfull
    % \hbox ensues.
    \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph.
  \fi%
  \par
\endgroup}

% Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em.
\def\indexdotfill{\cleaders
  \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu ${\it .}$ \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill}

\def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}}

\newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm

\def\secondary #1#2{
{\parfillskip=0in \parskip=0in
\hangindent =1in \hangafter=1
\noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill #2\par
}}

% Define two-column mode, which we use to typeset indexes.
% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416, which is to say,
% the manmac.tex format used to print the TeXbook itself.
\catcode`\@=11

\newbox\partialpage
\newdimen\doublecolumnhsize

\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns
  % Grab any single-column material above us.
  \output = {%
    %
    % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a
    % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output
    % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is
    % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off).  In
    % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal
    % output routine.  Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this
    % runs and this will be a no-op.  See the indexspread.tex test case.
    \ifvoid\partialpage \else
      \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}%
    \fi
    %
    \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{%
      % Unvbox the main output page.
      \unvbox\PAGE
      \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip
    }%
  }%
  \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage
  %
  % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages.
  \output = {\doublecolumnout}%
  %
  % Change the page size parameters.  We could do this once outside this
  % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11
  % format, but then we repeat the same computation.  Repeating a couple
  % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the
  % execution time, so we may as well do it in one place.
  %
  % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between
  % the columns.  We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it
  % changes automatically with the paper format.  The magic constant
  % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt)
  % as it did when we hard-coded it.
  %
  % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
  % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
  % been clobbered.
  %
  \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize
    \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize
    \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2
  \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
  %
  % Double the \vsize as well.  (We don't need a separate register here,
  % since nobody clobbers \vsize.)
  \advance\vsize by -\ht\partialpage
  \vsize = 2\vsize
}

% The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except
% the last.
%
\def\doublecolumnout{%
  \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
  % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal
  % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the
  % previous page.
  \dimen@ = \vsize
  \divide\dimen@ by 2
  %
  % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right.
  \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
  \onepageout\pagesofar
  \unvbox255
  \penalty\outputpenalty
}
\def\pagesofar{%
  % Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material,
  % followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2.
  \unvbox\partialpage
  %
  \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
  \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize
  \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}%
}
\def\enddoublecolumns{%
  \output = {%
    % Split the last of the double-column material.  Leave it on the
    % current page, no automatic page break.
    \balancecolumns
    %
    % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page,
    % though, there will be another page break right after this \output
    % invocation ends.  Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not
    % want to call it again.  Therefore, reset \output to its normal
    % definition right away.  (We hope \balancecolumns will never be
    % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes
    % the output somewhat more palatable.)
    \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}%
  }%
  \eject
  \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns
  %
  % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted
  % the current page.  We're now back to normal single-column
  % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the
  % \endgroup where \vsize got restored).
  \pagegoal = \vsize
}
\def\balancecolumns{%
  % Called at the end of the double column material.
  \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120.
  \dimen@ = \ht0
  \advance\dimen@ by \topskip
  \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
  \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to
  %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}%
  \splittopskip = \topskip
  % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint.
  {%
    \vbadness = 10000
    \loop
      \global\setbox3 = \copy0
      \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@
    \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@
      \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt
    \repeat
  }%
  %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}%
  \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}%
  \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}%
  %
  \pagesofar
}
\catcode`\@ = \other


\message{sectioning,}
% Define chapters, sections, etc.

\newcount\chapno
\newcount\secno        \secno=0
\newcount\subsecno     \subsecno=0
\newcount\subsubsecno  \subsubsecno=0

% This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ...
\newcount\appendixno  \appendixno = `\@
\def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}

% Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter.
% page headings and footings can use it.  @section does likewise.
\def\thischapter{}
\def\thissection{}

\newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level
\newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count

% @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc.
\def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1}
\let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name

% @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc.
\def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1}
\let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name

% Choose a numbered-heading macro
% #1 is heading level if unmodified by @raisesections or @lowersections
% #2 is text for heading
\def\numhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
  \chapterzzz{#2}
\or
  \seczzz{#2}
\or
  \numberedsubseczzz{#2}
\or
  \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
  \ifnum \absseclevel<0
    \chapterzzz{#2}
  \else
    \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
  \fi
\fi
}

% like \numhead, but chooses appendix heading levels
\def\apphead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
  \appendixzzz{#2}
\or
  \appendixsectionzzz{#2}
\or
  \appendixsubseczzz{#2}
\or
  \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
  \ifnum \absseclevel<0
    \appendixzzz{#2}
  \else
    \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2}
  \fi
\fi
}

% like \numhead, but chooses numberless heading levels
\def\unnmhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
  \unnumberedzzz{#2}
\or
  \unnumberedseczzz{#2}
\or
  \unnumberedsubseczzz{#2}
\or
  \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
  \ifnum \absseclevel<0
    \unnumberedzzz{#2}
  \else
    \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
  \fi
\fi
}

% @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered.
\def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title}
\outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy}
\def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz
\def\chapterzzz #1{%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
\global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{\putwordChapter\space \the\chapno}%
\chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
% We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter
% because we don't want its macros evaluated now.
\xdef\thischapter{\putwordChapter{} \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}%
                                  {\the\chapno}}}%
\temp
\donoderef
\global\let\section = \numberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
}

\outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy}
\def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz
\def\appendixzzz #1{%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
\global\advance \appendixno by 1
\message{\putwordAppendix\space \appendixletter}%
\chapmacro {#1}{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
\xdef\thischapter{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}%
                       {\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}}}%
\temp
\appendixnoderef
\global\let\section = \appendixsec
\global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec
}

% @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered.
\outer\def\centerchap{\parsearg\centerchapyyy}
\def\centerchapyyy #1{{\let\unnumbchapmacro=\centerchapmacro \unnumberedyyy{#1}}}

% @top is like @unnumbered.
\outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}

\outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}
\def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz
\def\unnumberedzzz #1{%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
%
% This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the
% argument to \message.  Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX
% expanded them.  For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX
% expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant
% to be executed, not expanded).
%
% Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear
% as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself.  We use
% \the<toks register> to achieve this: TeX expands \the<toks> only once,
% simply yielding the contents of <toks register>.  (We also do this for
% the toc entries.)
\toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}%
%
\unnumbchapmacro {#1}%
\gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry{\the\toks0}}}%
\temp
\unnumbnoderef
\global\let\section = \unnumberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec
}

% Sections.
\outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy}
\def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz
\def\seczzz #1{%
\subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
\gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash secentry{\the\toks0}%
                                  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}}}%
\temp
\donoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\appendixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
\outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
\def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz
\def\appendixsectionzzz #1{%
\subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
\gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash secentry{\the\toks0}%
                                  {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}}}%
\temp
\appendixnoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz
\def\unnumberedseczzz #1{%
\plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{\the\toks0}}}%
\temp
\unnumbnoderef
\nobreak
}

% Subsections.
\outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy}
\def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz
\def\numberedsubseczzz #1{%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
\subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsecentry{\the\toks0}%
                                    {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}}}%
\temp
\donoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy}
\def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz
\def\appendixsubseczzz #1{%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
\subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsecentry{\the\toks0}%
                                {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}}}%
\temp
\appendixnoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz
\def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{%
\plainsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry%
                                    {\the\toks0}}}%
\temp
\unnumbnoderef
\nobreak
}

% Subsubsections.
\outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy}
\def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz
\def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
\subsubsecheading {#1}
  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}%
  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}}}%
\temp
\donoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy}
\def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz
\def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
\subsubsecheading {#1}
  {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}%
  {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}}}%
\temp
\appendixnoderef
\nobreak
}

\outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz
\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{%
\plainsubsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\toks0 = {#1}%
\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry%
                                    {\the\toks0}}}%
\temp
\unnumbnoderef
\nobreak
}

% These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo.
% Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work.
\def\infotop{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz}
\def\infounnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz}
\def\infounnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedseczzz}
\def\infounnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubseczzz}
\def\infounnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubseczzz}

\def\infoappendix{\parsearg\appendixzzz}
\def\infoappendixsec{\parsearg\appendixseczzz}
\def\infoappendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubseczzz}
\def\infoappendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubseczzz}

\def\infochapter{\parsearg\chapterzzz}
\def\infosection{\parsearg\sectionzzz}
\def\infosubsection{\parsearg\subsectionzzz}
\def\infosubsubsection{\parsearg\subsubsectionzzz}

% These macros control what the section commands do, according
% to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered).
% Define them by default for a numbered chapter.
\global\let\section = \numberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec

% Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading

% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and such:
%       1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit
%          overlong headings to fold.
%       2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a
%          heading is obnoxious; this forbids it.
%       3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and
%          if justification is not attempted.  Hence \raggedright.


\def\majorheading{\parsearg\majorheadingzzz}
\def\majorheadingzzz #1{%
{\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }%
{\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                  \parindent=0pt\raggedright
                  \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200}

\def\chapheading{\parsearg\chapheadingzzz}
\def\chapheadingzzz #1{\chapbreak %
{\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                  \parindent=0pt\raggedright
                  \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200}

% @heading, @subheading, @subsubheading.
\def\heading{\parsearg\plainsecheading}
\def\subheading{\parsearg\plainsubsecheading}
\def\subsubheading{\parsearg\plainsubsubsecheading}

% These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only
% (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it),
% given all the information in convenient, parsed form.

%%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative)
\def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi}

\def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname}

%%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it
% Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed)

\newskip\chapheadingskip

\def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}}
\def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject}
\def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi}

\def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}

\def\CHAPPAGoff{%
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager}

\def\CHAPPAGon{%
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager
\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}}

\def\CHAPPAGodd{
\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage
\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}

\CHAPPAGon

\def\CHAPFplain{
\global\let\chapmacro=\chfplain
\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfplain
\global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfplain}

% Plain chapter opening.
% #1 is the text, #2 the chapter number or empty if unnumbered.
\def\chfplain#1#2{%
  \pchapsepmacro
  {%
    \chapfonts \rm
    \def\chapnum{#2}%
    \setbox0 = \hbox{#2\ifx\chapnum\empty\else\enspace\fi}%
    \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
          \hangindent = \wd0 \centerparametersmaybe
          \unhbox0 #1\par}%
  }%
  \nobreak\bigskip % no page break after a chapter title
  \nobreak
}

% Plain opening for unnumbered.
\def\unnchfplain#1{\chfplain{#1}{}}

% @centerchap -- centered and unnumbered.
\let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax
\def\centerchfplain#1{{%
  \def\centerparametersmaybe{%
    \advance\rightskip by 3\rightskip
    \leftskip = \rightskip
    \parfillskip = 0pt
  }%
  \chfplain{#1}{}%
}}

\CHAPFplain % The default

\def\unnchfopen #1{%
\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                       \parindent=0pt\raggedright
                       \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
}

\def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts
\vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}%
\par\penalty 5000 %
}

\def\centerchfopen #1{%
\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                       \parindent=0pt
                       \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
}

\def\CHAPFopen{
\global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen
\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfopen
\global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfopen}


% Section titles.
\newskip\secheadingskip
\def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip {-1000}}
\def\secheading#1#2#3{\sectionheading{sec}{#2.#3}{#1}}
\def\plainsecheading#1{\sectionheading{sec}{}{#1}}

% Subsection titles.
\newskip \subsecheadingskip
\def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip {-500}}
\def\subsecheading#1#2#3#4{\sectionheading{subsec}{#2.#3.#4}{#1}}
\def\plainsubsecheading#1{\sectionheading{subsec}{}{#1}}

% Subsubsection titles.
\let\subsubsecheadingskip = \subsecheadingskip
\let\subsubsecheadingbreak = \subsecheadingbreak
\def\subsubsecheading#1#2#3#4#5{\sectionheading{subsubsec}{#2.#3.#4.#5}{#1}}
\def\plainsubsubsecheading#1{\sectionheading{subsubsec}{}{#1}}


% Print any size section title.
%
% #1 is the section type (sec/subsec/subsubsec), #2 is the section
% number (maybe empty), #3 the text.
\def\sectionheading#1#2#3{%
  {%
    \expandafter\advance\csname #1headingskip\endcsname by \parskip
    \csname #1headingbreak\endcsname
  }%
  {%
    % Switch to the right set of fonts.
    \csname #1fonts\endcsname \rm
    %
    % Only insert the separating space if we have a section number.
    \def\secnum{#2}%
    \setbox0 = \hbox{#2\ifx\secnum\empty\else\enspace\fi}%
    %
    \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
          \hangindent = \wd0 % zero if no section number
          \unhbox0 #3}%
  }%
  \ifdim\parskip<10pt \nobreak\kern10pt\nobreak\kern-\parskip\fi \nobreak
}


\message{toc,}
\newwrite\tocfile

% Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary.
% Called from @chapter, etc.  We supply {\folio} at the end of the
% argument, which will end up as the last argument to the \...entry macro.
%
% We open the .toc file here instead of at @setfilename or any other
% given time so that @contents can be put in the document anywhere.
%
\newif\iftocfileopened
\def\writetocentry#1{%
  \iftocfileopened\else
    \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc
    \global\tocfileopenedtrue
  \fi
  \iflinks \write\tocfile{#1{\folio}}\fi
}

\newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
\newcount\savepageno
\newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1

% Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written
% to \tocfile.
%
\def\startcontents#1{%
   % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should
   % start on an odd page, unlike chapters.  Thus, we maintain
   % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro.
   % From: Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se>
   \contentsalignmacro
   \immediate\closeout\tocfile
   %
   % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline.
   % It is abundantly clear what they are.
   \unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}%
   \savepageno = \pageno
   \begingroup                  % Set up to handle contents files properly.
      \catcode`\\=0  \catcode`\{=1  \catcode`\}=2  \catcode`\@=11
      % We can't do this, because then an actual ^ in a section
      % title fails, e.g., @chapter ^ -- exponentiation.  --karl, 9jul97.
      %\catcode`\^=7 % to see ^^e4 as \"a etc. juha@piuha.ydi.vtt.fi
      \raggedbottom             % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom.
      \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length.
      %
      % Roman numerals for page numbers.
      \ifnum \pageno>0 \pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi
}


% Normal (long) toc.
\def\contents{%
   \startcontents{\putwordTOC}%
     \openin 1 \jobname.toc
     \ifeof 1 \else
       \closein 1
       \input \jobname.toc
     \fi
     \vfill \eject
     \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
   \endgroup
   \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
   \pageno = \savepageno
}

% And just the chapters.
\def\summarycontents{%
   \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}%
      %
      \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry
      \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry
      % We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
      \secfonts
      \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl
      \rm
      \hyphenpenalty = 10000
      \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
      \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{}
      \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{}
      \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{}
      \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
      \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{}
      \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
      \openin 1 \jobname.toc
      \ifeof 1 \else
        \closein 1
        \input \jobname.toc
      \fi
     \vfill \eject
     \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
   \endgroup
   \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
   \pageno = \savepageno
}
\let\shortcontents = \summarycontents

% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
% The first argument is the chapter or section name.
% The last argument is the page number.
% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ...

% Chapter-level things, for both the long and short contents.
\def\chapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#3}}

% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings
\def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{%
  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno{#3}}%
}

% Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
% The arg is, e.g. `Appendix A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter.
% We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry
% command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry
% for both, but it doesn't seem worth it.
\setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm \putwordAppendix }
\newdimen\shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth = \wd0

\def\shortchaplabel#1{%
  % We typeset #1 in a box of constant width, regardless of the text of
  % #1, so the chapter titles will come out aligned.
  \setbox0 = \hbox{#1}%
  \dimen0 = \ifdim\wd0 > \shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth \else 0pt \fi
  %
  % This space should be plenty, since a single number is .5em, and the
  % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts.
  % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after
  % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.)
  \advance\dimen0 by 1.1em
  \hbox to \dimen0{#1\hfil}%
}

\def\unnumbchapentry#1#2{\dochapentry{#1}{#2}}
\def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno{#2}}}

% Sections.
\def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}}
\def\unnumbsecentry#1#2{\dosecentry{#1}{#2}}

% Subsections.
\def\subsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#2.#3.#4\labelspace#1}{#5}}
\def\unnumbsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#2}}

% And subsubsections.
\def\subsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
  \dosubsubsecentry{#2.#3.#4.#5\labelspace#1}{#6}}
\def\unnumbsubsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#2}}

% This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels.
\newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 3pc

% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the
% page number.
%
% If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters
% if at all possible; hence the \penalty.
\def\dochapentry#1#2{%
   \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip
   \begingroup
     \chapentryfonts
     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
   \endgroup
   \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
}

\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
  \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}

\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
  \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}

\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
  \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}

% Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for
% the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here.  (We
% can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist
% of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.)
\def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup
  \vskip 0pt plus1pt % allow a little stretch for the sake of nice page breaks
  % Do not use \turnoffactive in these arguments.  Since the toc is
  % typeset in cmr, so characters such as _ would come out wrong; we
  % have to do the usual translation tricks.
  \entry{#1}{#2}%
\endgroup}

% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}

\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}

\def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
\def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
\let\subsecentryfonts = \textfonts
\let\subsubsecentryfonts = \textfonts


\message{environments,}

% Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of
% \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em.
% Furthermore, these definitions must come after we define our fonts.
\newbox\dblarrowbox    \newbox\longdblarrowbox
\newbox\pushcharbox    \newbox\bullbox
\newbox\equivbox       \newbox\errorbox

%{\tentt
%\global\setbox\dblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\longdblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\pushcharbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\equivbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}
% Adapted from the manmac format (p.420 of TeXbook)
%\global\setbox\bullbox = \hbox to 1em{\kern.15em\vrule height .75ex width .85ex
%                                      depth .1ex\hfil}
%}

% @point{}, @result{}, @expansion{}, @print{}, @equiv{}.
\def\point{$\star$}
\def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}}
\def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}}
\def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}}
\def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}}

% Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit.
{\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box.
\dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules
% The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.)
\setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt}

\global\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil
   \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right.
   \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules.
   \vbox{
      \hrule height\dimen2
      \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt          % Space to left of text.
         \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below.
         \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right.
      \hrule height\dimen2}
    \hfil}

% The @error{} command.
\def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox}

% @tex ... @end tex    escapes into raw Tex temporarily.
% One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works.
% But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character.

\def\tex{\begingroup
  \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
  \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
  \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie
  \catcode `\%=14
  \catcode 43=12 % plus
  \catcode`\"=12
  \catcode`\==12
  \catcode`\|=12
  \catcode`\<=12
  \catcode`\>=12
  \escapechar=`\\
  %
  \let\b=\ptexb
  \let\bullet=\ptexbullet
  \let\c=\ptexc
  \let\,=\ptexcomma
  \let\.=\ptexdot
  \let\dots=\ptexdots
  \let\equiv=\ptexequiv
  \let\!=\ptexexclam
  \let\i=\ptexi
  \let\{=\ptexlbrace
  \let\+=\tabalign
  \let\}=\ptexrbrace
  \let\*=\ptexstar
  \let\t=\ptext
  %
  \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}%
  \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}%
  \def\@{@}%
\let\Etex=\endgroup}

% Define @lisp ... @endlisp.
% @lisp does a \begingroup so it can rebind things,
% including the definition of @endlisp (which normally is erroneous).

% Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp.
\newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in

% This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other
% such environments.  \null is better than a space, since it doesn't
% have any width.
\def\lisppar{\null\endgraf}

% Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword
% space in the output.  Don't allow a line break at this space, as this
% is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input
% should produce a line of output anyway.
%
{\obeyspaces %
\gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}}

% Define \obeyedspace to be our active space, whatever it is.  This is
% for use in \parsearg.
{\sepspaces%
\global\let\obeyedspace= }

% This space is always present above and below environments.
\newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt

% Make spacing and below environment symmetrical.  We use \parskip here
% to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip
% is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the
% start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip
%
\def\aboveenvbreak{{\advance\envskipamount by \parskip
\endgraf \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount
\removelastskip \penalty-50 \vskip\envskipamount \fi}}

\let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak

% \nonarrowing is a flag.  If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins.
\let\nonarrowing=\relax

% @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around
% environment contents.
\font\circle=lcircle10
\newdimen\circthick
\newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
\newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
\circthick=\fontdimen8\circle
%
\def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth
\def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}}
\def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}}
\def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}}
\def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
        \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr
        \hskip\rskip}}
\def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
        \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr
        \hskip\rskip}}
%
\newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip

\long\def\cartouche{%
\begingroup
        \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
        \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt %we want these *outside*.
        \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
                          \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
        \cartouter=\hsize
        \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either
%                                    side, and for 6pt waste from
%                                    each corner char, and rule thickness
        \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
        % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin.
        \let\nonarrowing=\comment
        \vbox\bgroup
                \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
                \carttop
                \hbox\bgroup
                        \hskip\lskip
                        \vrule\kern3pt
                        \vbox\bgroup
                                \hsize=\cartinner
                                \kern3pt
                                \begingroup
                                        \baselineskip=\normbskip
                                        \lineskip=\normlskip
                                        \parskip=\normpskip
                                        \vskip -\parskip
\def\Ecartouche{%
                                \endgroup
                                \kern3pt
                        \egroup
                        \kern3pt\vrule
                        \hskip\rskip
                \egroup
                \cartbot
        \egroup
\endgroup
}}


% This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants,
% inside a group.
\def\nonfillstart{%
  \aboveenvbreak
  \inENV % This group ends at the end of the body
  \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy
  \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens.
  \singlespace
  \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines
  \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output
  \parskip = 0pt
  \parindent = 0pt
  \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes
  % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing
  % at next level down.
  \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
    \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing
    \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing
    \let\exdent=\nofillexdent
    \let\nonarrowing=\relax
  \fi
}

% Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the particular
% environment, so the error checking in \end will work.
%
% To end an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph (via
% \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group.  That way we keep
% the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue will be
% inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the document, after
% the environment.
%
\def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup}

% @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font.
\def\lisp{\begingroup
  \nonfillstart
  \let\Elisp = \nonfillfinish
  \tt
  \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special.
  \gobble       % eat return
}

% @example: Same as @lisp.
\def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}

% @small... is usually equivalent to the non-small (@smallbook
% redefines).  We must call \example (or whatever) last in the
% definition, since it reads the return following the @example (or
% whatever) command.
%
% This actually allows (for example) @end display inside an
% @smalldisplay.  Too bad, but makeinfo will catch the error anyway.
%
\def\smalldisplay{\begingroup\def\Esmalldisplay{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\display}
\def\smallexample{\begingroup\def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
\def\smallformat{\begingroup\def\Esmallformat{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\format}
\def\smalllisp{\begingroup\def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}

% Real @smallexample and @smalllisp (when @smallbook): use smaller fonts.
% Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
\def\smalllispx{\begingroup
  \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
  \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
  \indexfonts
  \lisp
}

% @display: same as @lisp except keep current font.
%
\def\display{\begingroup
  \nonfillstart
  \let\Edisplay = \nonfillfinish
  \gobble
}

% @smalldisplay (when @smallbook): @display plus smaller fonts.
%
\def\smalldisplayx{\begingroup
  \def\Esmalldisplay{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
  \indexfonts \rm
  \display
}

% @format: same as @display except don't narrow margins.
%
\def\format{\begingroup
  \let\nonarrowing = t
  \nonfillstart
  \let\Eformat = \nonfillfinish
  \gobble
}

% @smallformat (when @smallbook): @format plus smaller fonts.
%
\def\smallformatx{\begingroup
  \def\Esmallformat{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
  \indexfonts \rm
  \format
}

% @flushleft (same as @format).
%
\def\flushleft{\begingroup \def\Eflushleft{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\format}

% @flushright.
%
\def\flushright{\begingroup
  \let\nonarrowing = t
  \nonfillstart
  \let\Eflushright = \nonfillfinish
  \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill
  \gobble
}

% @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
% and narrows the margins.
%
\def\quotation{%
  \begingroup\inENV %This group ends at the end of the @quotation body
  {\parskip=0pt \aboveenvbreak}% because \aboveenvbreak inserts \parskip
  \singlespace
  \parindent=0pt
  % We have retained a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're
  % doing normal filling. So to avoid extra space below the environment...
  \def\Equotation{\parskip = 0pt \nonfillfinish}%
  %
  % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing at next level down.
  \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
    \advance\leftskip by \lispnarrowing
    \advance\rightskip by \lispnarrowing
    \exdentamount = \lispnarrowing
    \let\nonarrowing = \relax
  \fi
}


\message{defuns,}
% Define formatter for defuns
% First, allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally
\def\setdeffont #1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname}

\newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in
\newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt
\newskip\deftypemargin \deftypemargin=12pt
\newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt

\newcount\parencount
% define \functionparens, which makes ( and ) and & do special things.
% \functionparens affects the group it is contained in.
\def\activeparens{%
\catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active \catcode`\&=\active
\catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active}

% Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars.
\let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = )

{\activeparens % Now, smart parens don't turn on until &foo (see \amprm)

% Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc.  For example,
% if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet,
% so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
\global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
\global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack

\gdef\functionparens{\boldbrax\let&=\amprm\parencount=0 }
\gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
% This is used to turn on special parens
% but make & act ordinary (given that it's active).
\gdef\boldbraxnoamp{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb\let&=\ampnr}

% Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions.
% This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses.
\gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested
  \global\advance\parencount by 1
}
%
% This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens.
\gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
%
\gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0.
  % also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (.
  \ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi
  \global\advance \parencount by -1 }
% If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
\gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\&#1}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ }
%
\gdef\normalparens{\boldbrax\let&=\ampnr}
} % End of definition inside \activeparens
%% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the
%% contained text.  This is especially needed for [ and ]
\def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
\def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}\global\advance\parencount by -1 }
\def\ampnr{\&}
\def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}}
\def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}}

% First, defname, which formats the header line itself.
% #1 should be the function name.
% #2 should be the type of definition, such as "Function".

\def\defname #1#2{%
% Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were
% outside the @def...
\dimen2=\leftskip
\advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent
\noindent
\setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}%
\dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line
\dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations
\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1
% Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such)
% ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin,
% but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking
{% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins,
% so that \rightline will obey them.
\advance \hsize by -\dimen2
\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip -1.25pc }}}%
% Make all lines underfull and no complaints:
\tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
\advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
{\df #1}\enskip        % Generate function name
}

% Actually process the body of a definition
% #1 should be the terminating control sequence, such as \Edefun.
% #2 should be the "another name" control sequence, such as \defunx.
% #3 should be the control sequence that actually processes the header,
%    such as \defunheader.

\def\defparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup %
\catcode 61=\active % 61 is `='
\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}

% #1 is the \E... control sequence to end the definition (which we define).
% #2 is the \...x control sequence for consecutive fns (which we define).
% #3 is the control sequence to call to resume processing.
% #4, delimited by the space, is the class name.
%
\def\defmethparsebody#1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}}

% @deftypemethod has an extra argument that nothing else does.  Sigh.
% #1 is the \E... control sequence to end the definition (which we define).
% #2 is the \...x control sequence for consecutive fns (which we define).
% #3 is the control sequence to call to resume processing.
% #4, delimited by the space, is the class name.
% #5 is the method's return type.
%
\def\deftypemethparsebody#1#2#3#4 #5 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 ##2 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}{##2}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}{#5}}}

\def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}

% These parsing functions are similar to the preceding ones
% except that they do not make parens into active characters.
% These are used for "variables" since they have no arguments.

\def\defvarparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup %
\catcode 61=\active %
\obeylines\spacesplit#3}

% This is used for \def{tp,vr}parsebody.  It could probably be used for
% some of the others, too, with some judicious conditionals.
%
\def\parsebodycommon#1#2#3{%
  \begingroup\inENV %
  \medbreak %
  % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
  % so that it will exit this group.
  \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
  \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
  \parindent=0in
  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
  \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
  \begingroup\obeylines
}

\def\defvrparsebody#1#2#3#4 {%
  \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}%
  \spacesplit{#3{#4}}%
}

% This loses on `@deftp {Data Type} {struct termios}' -- it thinks the
% type is just `struct', because we lose the braces in `{struct
% termios}' when \spacesplit reads its undelimited argument.  Sigh.
% \let\deftpparsebody=\defvrparsebody
%
% So, to get around this, we put \empty in with the type name.  That
% way, TeX won't find exactly `{...}' as an undelimited argument, and
% won't strip off the braces.
%
\def\deftpparsebody #1#2#3#4 {%
  \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}%
  \spacesplit{\parsetpheaderline{#3{#4}}}\empty
}

% Fine, but then we have to eventually remove the \empty *and* the
% braces (if any).  That's what this does.
%
\def\removeemptybraces\empty#1\relax{#1}

% After \spacesplit has done its work, this is called -- #1 is the final
% thing to call, #2 the type name (which starts with \empty), and #3
% (which might be empty) the arguments.
%
\def\parsetpheaderline#1#2#3{%
  #1{\removeemptybraces#2\relax}{#3}%
}%

\def\defopvarparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}

% Split up #2 at the first space token.
% call #1 with two arguments:
%  the first is all of #2 before the space token,
%  the second is all of #2 after that space token.
% If #2 contains no space token, all of it is passed as the first arg
% and the second is passed as empty.

{\obeylines
\gdef\spacesplit#1#2^^M{\endgroup\spacesplitfoo{#1}#2 \relax\spacesplitfoo}%
\long\gdef\spacesplitfoo#1#2 #3#4\spacesplitfoo{%
\ifx\relax #3%
#1{#2}{}\else #1{#2}{#3#4}\fi}}

% So much for the things common to all kinds of definitions.

% Define @defun.

% First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of \defun
% Use this to expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up

\def\defunargs #1{\functionparens \sl
% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars.
% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar.
\hyphenchar\tensl=0
#1%
\hyphenchar\tensl=45
\ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{Unbalanced parentheses in @def}\fi%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
}

\def\deftypefunargs #1{%
% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars.
% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar.
% Use \boldbraxnoamp, not \functionparens, so that & is not special.
\boldbraxnoamp
\tclose{#1}% avoid \code because of side effects on active chars
\interlinepenalty=10000
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
}

% Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed.

% @deffn Command forward-char nchars

\def\deffn{\defmethparsebody\Edeffn\deffnx\deffnheader}

\def\deffnheader #1#2#3{\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defunargs{#3}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% @defun == @deffn Function

\def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader}

\def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDeffunc}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% @deftypefun int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar})

\def\deftypefun{\defparsebody\Edeftypefun\deftypefunx\deftypefunheader}

% #1 is the data type.  #2 is the name and args.
\def\deftypefunheader #1#2{\deftypefunheaderx{#1}#2 \relax}
% #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args.
\def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{%
\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{\putwordDeftypefun}%
\deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% @deftypefn {Library Function} int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar})

\def\deftypefn{\defmethparsebody\Edeftypefn\deftypefnx\deftypefnheader}

% \defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$
% puts #1 in @code, followed by a space, but does nothing if #1 is null.
\def\defheaderxcond#1#2$$${\ifx#1\relax\else\code{#1#2} \fi}

% #1 is the classification.  #2 is the data type.  #3 is the name and args.
\def\deftypefnheader #1#2#3{\deftypefnheaderx{#1}{#2}#3 \relax}
% #1 is the classification, #2 the data type, #3 the name, #4 the args.
\def\deftypefnheaderx #1#2#3 #4\relax{%
\doind {fn}{\code{#3}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup
\normalparens % notably, turn off `&' magic, which prevents
%               at least some C++ text from working
\defname {\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}{#1}%
\deftypefunargs {#4}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% @defmac == @deffn Macro

\def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader}

\def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefmac}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% @defspec == @deffn Special Form

\def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader}

\def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefspec}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}

% This definition is run if you use @defunx
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx.

\def\deffnx #1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}}
\def\defunx #1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}}
\def\defmacx #1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}}
\def\defspecx #1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypefnx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypemethodx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypemethodx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypefunx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefunx in invalid context}}

% @defmethod, and so on

% @defop CATEGORY CLASS OPERATION ARG...

\def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}%
\defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype}

\def\defopheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ #1}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype{}\putwordon\ #1}%
\defunargs {#3}\endgroup %
}

% @deftypemethod CLASS RETURN-TYPE METHOD ARG...
%
\def\deftypemethod{%
  \deftypemethparsebody\Edeftypemethod\deftypemethodx\deftypemethodheader}
%
% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the method name, #4 the args.
\def\deftypemethodheader#1#2#3#4{%
  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index
  \begingroup
    \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}%
    \deftypefunargs{#4}%
  \endgroup
}

% @defmethod == @defop Method
%
\def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader}
%
% #1 is the class name, #2 the method name, #3 the args.
\def\defmethodheader#1#2#3{%
  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index
  \begingroup
    \defname{#2}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}%
    \defunargs{#3}%
  \endgroup
}

% @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag

\def\defcv #1 {\def\defcvtype{#1}%
\defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype}

\def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ #1}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype\ \putwordof\ #1}%
\defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
}

% @defivar == @defcv {Instance Variable}

\def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader}

\def\defivarheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ #1}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{\putwordDefivar\ \putwordof\ #1}%
\defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
}

% These definitions are run if you use @defmethodx, etc.,
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defmethod, etc.

\def\defopx #1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}}
\def\defmethodx #1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}}
\def\defcvx #1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}}
\def\defivarx #1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}}

% Now @defvar

% First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar.
% This is actually simple: just print them in roman.
% This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up
\def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak}

% @defvr Counter foo-count

\def\defvr{\defvrparsebody\Edefvr\defvrx\defvrheader}

\def\defvrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defvarargs{#3}\endgroup}

% @defvar == @defvr Variable

\def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader}

\def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefvar}%
\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
}

% @defopt == @defvr {User Option}

\def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader}

\def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefopt}%
\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
}

% @deftypevar int foobar

\def\deftypevar{\defvarparsebody\Edeftypevar\deftypevarx\deftypevarheader}

% #1 is the data type.  #2 is the name, perhaps followed by text that
% is actually part of the data type, which should not be put into the index.
\def\deftypevarheader #1#2{%
\dovarind#2 \relax% Make entry in variables index
\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{\putwordDeftypevar}%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
\endgroup}
\def\dovarind#1 #2\relax{\doind{vr}{\code{#1}}}

% @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable

\def\deftypevr{\defvrparsebody\Edeftypevr\deftypevrx\deftypevrheader}

\def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\dovarind#3 \relax%
\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}{#1}
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
\endgroup}

% This definition is run if you use @defvarx
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defvar or @defvarx.

\def\defvrx #1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}}
\def\defvarx #1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}}
\def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypevarx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypevrx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}}

% Now define @deftp
% Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar.

\def\deftpargs #1{\bf \defvarargs{#1}}

% @deftp Class window height width ...

\def\deftp{\deftpparsebody\Edeftp\deftpx\deftpheader}

\def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup}

% This definition is run if you use @deftpx, etc
% anywhere other than immediately after a @deftp, etc.

\def\deftpx #1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}}


\message{macros,}
% @macro.

% To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens,
% which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX.
\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
 \newwrite\macscribble
 \def\scanmacro#1{%
   \begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M
   % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
   \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=12 \escapechar=`\@
   \toks0={#1}%
   \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp
   \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}%
   \immediate\closeout\macscribble
   \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces
   \input \jobname.tmp
   \endgroup
}
\else
\def\scanmacro#1{%
\begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M
% Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=12 \escapechar=`\@
\let\xeatspaces\eatspaces\scantokens{#1}\endgroup}
\fi

\newcount\paramno   % Count of parameters
\newtoks\macname    % Macro name
\newif\ifrecursive  % Is it recursive?
\def\macrolist{}    % List of all defined macros in the form
                    % \do\macro1\do\macro2...

% Utility routines.
% Thisdoes \let #1 = #2, except with \csnames.
\def\cslet#1#2{%
\expandafter\expandafter
\expandafter\let
\expandafter\expandafter
\csname#1\endcsname
\csname#2\endcsname}

% Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string.
% Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN).
{\catcode`\@=11
\gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }}
\gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@}
\gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @}
\def\unbrace#1{#1}
\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1}
}

% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string.
{\catcode`\^^M=12\catcode`\Q=3%
\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}%
\gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}%
\gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}%
}

% Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where
% all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active
% (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \.

% It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is
% done by  making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro
% body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro.

\def\macrobodyctxt{%
  \catcode`\~=12
  \catcode`\^=12
  \catcode`\_=12
  \catcode`\|=12
  \catcode`\<=12
  \catcode`\>=12
  \catcode`\+=12
  \catcode`\{=12
  \catcode`\}=12
  \catcode`\@=12
  \catcode`\^^M=12
  \usembodybackslash}

\def\macroargctxt{%
  \catcode`\~=12
  \catcode`\^=12
  \catcode`\_=12
  \catcode`\|=12
  \catcode`\<=12
  \catcode`\>=12
  \catcode`\+=12
  \catcode`\@=12
  \catcode`\\=12}

% \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies.
% It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N
% where N is the macro parameter number.
% We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so
% \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash.

{\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active
 @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash}
 @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname}
}
\expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash}

\def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx}
\def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx}

\def\macroxxx#1{%
  \getargs{#1}%           now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist
  \ifx\argl\empty       % no arguments
     \paramno=0%
  \else
     \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;%
  \fi
  \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname
     \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}%
  \else
     \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax
     \else \errmessage{The name \the\macname\space is reserved}\fi
     \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}%
     \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
     % Add the macroname to \macrolist
     \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\do}%
     \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0
       \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname\endcsname}%
  \fi
  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
  \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
  \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
  \fi}

\def\unmacro{\parsearg\unmacroxxx}
\def\unmacroxxx#1{%
  \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname
    \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}%
    \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0%
    % Remove the macro name from \macrolist
    \begingroup
      \edef\tempa{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
      \def\do##1{%
        \def\tempb{##1}%
        \ifx\tempa\tempb
          % remove this
        \else
          \toks0 = \expandafter{\newmacrolist\do}%
          \edef\newmacrolist{\the\toks0\expandafter\noexpand\tempa}%
        \fi}
      \def\newmacrolist{}%
      % Execute macro list to define \newmacrolist
      \macrolist
      \global\let\macrolist\newmacrolist
    \endgroup
  \else
    \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}%
  \fi
}

% This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a
% <parameter list> is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by
% an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed.
\def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}}
\def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs}
\def\getmacname #1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}}
\def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}}

% Parse the optional {params} list.  Set up \paramno and \paramlist
% so \defmacro knows what to do.  Define \macarg.blah for each blah
% in the params list, to be ##N where N is the position in that list.
% That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above).

% We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions.
% The technique used is stolen from LaTeX:  let \hash be something
% unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine
% it to # just before using the token list produced.
%
% The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before
% the macro is used.

\def\parsemargdef#1;{\paramno=0\def\paramlist{}%
        \let\hash\relax\let\xeatspaces\relax\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,}
\def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{%
  \if#1;\let\next=\relax
  \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx
    \advance\paramno by 1%
    \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
        {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}%
    \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}%
  \fi\next}

% These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies.
% (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.)

\long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro%
{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
\long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro%
{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%

% This defines the macro itself. There are six cases: recursive and
% nonrecursive macros of zero, one, and many arguments.
% Much magic with \expandafter here.
% \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file
% they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group.
\def\defmacro{%
  \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars
  \ifrecursive
    \ifcase\paramno
    % 0
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
    \or % 1
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
         \noexpand\braceorline
         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
         \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
    \else % many
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
         \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
      \expandafter\expandafter
      \expandafter\xdef
      \expandafter\expandafter
        \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
          \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
    \fi
  \else
    \ifcase\paramno
    % 0
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
    \or % 1
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
         \noexpand\braceorline
         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
        \egroup
        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
    \else % many
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}
      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
      \expandafter\expandafter
      \expandafter\xdef
      \expandafter\expandafter
      \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
      \paramlist{%
          \egroup
          \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
    \fi
  \fi}

\def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}}

% \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a
% {.  If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole
% line.  Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence
% as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg)
\def\braceorline#1{\let\next=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx}
\def\braceorlinexxx{%
  \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else
    \expandafter\parsearg
  \fi \next}

% We mant to disable all macros during \shipout so that they are not
% expanded by \write.
\def\turnoffmacros{\begingroup \def\do##1{\let\noexpand##1=\relax}%
  \edef\next{\macrolist}\expandafter\endgroup\next}

\message{cross references,}
\newwrite\auxfile

\newif\ifhavexrefs    % True if xref values are known.
\newif\ifwarnedxrefs  % True if we warned once that they aren't known.

% @inforef is relatively simple.
\def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**}
\def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{\putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}},
  node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}}

% @node's job is to define \lastnode.
\def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz}
\def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]}
\def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
\let\nwnode=\node
\let\lastnode=\relax

% The sectioning commands (@chapter, etc.) call these.
\def\donoderef{%
  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}%
      {Ysectionnumberandtype}%
    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
  \fi
}
\def\unnumbnoderef{%
  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}{Ynothing}%
    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
  \fi
}
\def\appendixnoderef{%
  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}%
      {Yappendixletterandtype}%
    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
  \fi
}


% @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point.
%
\def\anchor#1{\setref{#1}{Ynothing}}


% \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME, namely
% NAME-title, NAME-pg, and NAME-SNT.  Called from \foonoderef.  We have
% to set \indexdummies so commands such as @code in a section title
% aren't expanded.  It would be nicer not to expand the titles in the
% first place, but there's so many layers that that is hard to do.
%
\def\setref#1#2{{%
  \indexdummies
  \dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
  \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
  \dosetq{#1-snt}{#2}
}}

% @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references.  For \xrefX, #1 is
% the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed
% node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed
% manual.  All but the node name can be omitted.
%
\def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
  \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
  \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}%
  \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{\printednodename}%
  \ifdim \wd0 = 0pt
    % No printed node name was explicitly given.
    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname\relax
      % Use the node name inside the square brackets.
      \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}%
    \else
      % Use the actual chapter/section title appear inside
      % the square brackets.  Use the real section title if we have it.
      \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
        % It is in another manual, so we don't have it.
        \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}%
      \else
        \ifhavexrefs
          % We know the real title if we have the xref values.
          \def\printednodename{\refx{#1-title}{}}%
        \else
          % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
          \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}%
        \fi%
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
  %
  % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does not
  % insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it will
  % not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names.  Since some manuals
  % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, this
  % is a loss.  Therefore, we give the text of the node name again, so it
  % is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time.
  \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
    \putwordsection{} ``\printednodename'' in \cite{\printedmanual}%
  \else
    % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the
    % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand
    % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of
    % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the
    % printing, back off for the \refx-pg.
    {\normalturnoffactive
     % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for
     % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be.
     \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
     \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi
    }%
    % [mynode],
    [\printednodename],\space
    % page 3
    \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
  \fi
\endgroup}

% \dosetq is the interface for calls from other macros

% Use \normalturnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore
% and backslash work in node names.  (\turnoffactive doesn't do \.)
\def\dosetq#1#2{%
  {\let\folio=0
   \normalturnoffactive
   \edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq{#1}{#2}}}%
   \iflinks
     \next
   \fi
  }%
}

% \internalsetq {foo}{page} expands into
% CHARACTERS 'xrdef {foo}{...expansion of \Ypage...}
% When the aux file is read, ' is the escape character

\def\internalsetq #1#2{'xrdef {#1}{\csname #2\endcsname}}

% Things to be expanded by \internalsetq

\def\Ypagenumber{\folio}

\def\Ytitle{\thissection}

\def\Ynothing{}

\def\Ysectionnumberandtype{%
\ifnum\secno=0 \putwordChapter\xreftie\the\chapno %
\else \ifnum \subsecno=0 \putwordSection\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno %
\else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 %
\putwordSection\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno %
\else %
\putwordSection\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno %
\fi \fi \fi }

\def\Yappendixletterandtype{%
\ifnum\secno=0 \putwordAppendix\xreftie'char\the\appendixno{}%
\else \ifnum \subsecno=0 \putwordSection\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno %
\else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 %
\putwordSection\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno %
\else %
\putwordSection\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno %
\fi \fi \fi }

\gdef\xreftie{'tie}

% Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error
% messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.
%
\ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined
  \let\linenumber = \empty % Non-3.0.
\else
  \def\linenumber{\the\inputlineno:\space}
\fi

% Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME.
% If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward.

\def\refx#1#2{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname X#1\endcsname\relax
    % If not defined, say something at least.
    \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright
    \iflinks
      \ifhavexrefs
        \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
      \else
        \ifwarnedxrefs\else
          \global\warnedxrefstrue
          \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi
  \else
    % It's defined, so just use it.
    \csname X#1\endcsname
  \fi
  #2% Output the suffix in any case.
}

% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file.
%
\def\xrdef#1{\begingroup
  % Reenable \ as an escape while reading the second argument.
  \catcode`\\ = 0
  \afterassignment\endgroup
  \expandafter\gdef\csname X#1\endcsname
}

% Read the last existing aux file, if any.  No error if none exists.
\def\readauxfile{\begingroup
  \catcode`\^^@=\other
  \catcode`\^^A=\other
  \catcode`\^^B=\other
  \catcode`\^^C=\other
  \catcode`\^^D=\other
  \catcode`\^^E=\other
  \catcode`\^^F=\other
  \catcode`\^^G=\other
  \catcode`\^^H=\other
  \catcode`\^^K=\other
  \catcode`\^^L=\other
  \catcode`\^^N=\other
  \catcode`\^^P=\other
  \catcode`\^^Q=\other
  \catcode`\^^R=\other
  \catcode`\^^S=\other
  \catcode`\^^T=\other
  \catcode`\^^U=\other
  \catcode`\^^V=\other
  \catcode`\^^W=\other
  \catcode`\^^X=\other
  \catcode`\^^Z=\other
  \catcode`\^^[=\other
  \catcode`\^^\=\other
  \catcode`\^^]=\other
  \catcode`\^^^=\other
  \catcode`\^^_=\other
  \catcode`\@=\other
  \catcode`\^=\other
  % It was suggested to define this as 7, which would allow ^^e4 etc.
  % in xref tags, i.e., node names.  But since ^^e4 notation isn't
  % supported in the main text, it doesn't seem desirable.  Furthermore,
  % that is not enough: for node names that actually contain a ^
  % character, we would end up writing a line like this: 'xrdef {'hat
  % b-title}{'hat b} and \xrdef does a \csname...\endcsname on the first
  % argument, and \hat is not an expandable control sequence.  It could
  % all be worked out, but why?  Either we support ^^ or we don't.
  %
  % The other change necessary for this was to define \auxhat:
  % \def\auxhat{\def^{'hat }}% extra space so ok if followed by letter
  % and then to call \auxhat in \setq.
  %
  \catcode`\~=\other
  \catcode`\[=\other
  \catcode`\]=\other
  \catcode`\"=\other
  \catcode`\_=\other
  \catcode`\|=\other
  \catcode`\<=\other
  \catcode`\>=\other
  \catcode`\$=\other
  \catcode`\#=\other
  \catcode`\&=\other
  \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off
  % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters
  {%
    \count 1=128
    \def\loop{%
      \catcode\count 1=\other
      \advance\count 1 by 1
      \ifnum \count 1<256 \loop \fi
    }%
  }%
  % The aux file uses ' as the escape (for now).
  % Turn off \ as an escape so we do not lose on
  % entries which were dumped with control sequences in their names.
  % For example, 'xrdef {$\leq $-fun}{page ...} made by @defun ^^
  % Reference to such entries still does not work the way one would wish,
  % but at least they do not bomb out when the aux file is read in.
  \catcode`\{=1
  \catcode`\}=2
  \catcode`\%=\other
  \catcode`\'=0
  \catcode`\\=\other
  %
  \openin 1 \jobname.aux
  \ifeof 1 \else
    \closein 1
    \input \jobname.aux
    \global\havexrefstrue
    \global\warnedobstrue
  \fi
  % Open the new aux file.  TeX will close it automatically at exit.
  \openout\auxfile=\jobname.aux
\endgroup}


% Footnotes.

\newcount \footnoteno

% The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is
% vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a
% pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is
% removed. (Generally, numeric constants should always be followed by a
% space to prevent strange expansion errors.)
\def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 }

% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.
\let\footnotestyle=\comment

\let\ptexfootnote=\footnote

{\catcode `\@=11
%
% Auto-number footnotes.  Otherwise like plain.
\gdef\footnote{%
  \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne
  \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}%
  %
  % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the
  % extra spacing after we do the footnote number.
  \let\@sf\empty
  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
  %
  % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number.
  \unskip
  \thisfootno\@sf
  \footnotezzz
}%

% Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the
% footnote text as a parameter.  Our footnotes don't need to be so general.
%
% Oh yes, they do; otherwise, @ifset and anything else that uses
% \parseargline fail inside footnotes because the tokens are fixed when
% the footnote is read.  --karl, 16nov96.
%
\long\gdef\footnotezzz{\insert\footins\bgroup
  % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the
  % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment.
  % So reset some parameters.
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox
  \floatingpenalty\@MM
  \leftskip\z@skip
  \rightskip\z@skip
  \spaceskip\z@skip
  \xspaceskip\z@skip
  \parindent\defaultparindent
  %
  % Hang the footnote text off the number.
  \hang
  \textindent{\thisfootno}%
  %
  % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text.  Since this
  % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it
  % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote.
  \footstrut
  \futurelet\next\fo@t
}
\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}

}%end \catcode `\@=11

% Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size
% correspondingly.  There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers
% used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined.
%
\def\lineskipfactor{.08333}
\def\strutheightpercent{.70833}
\def\strutdepthpercent {.29167}
%
\def\setleading#1{%
  \normalbaselineskip = #1\relax
  \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip
  \normalbaselines
  \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{%
    \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip
                    depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip
  }%
}

% @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line.  It should
% surround any changed text.  This approach does *not* work if the
% change spans more than two lines of output.  To handle that, we would
% have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main
% vertical list for the beginning and end of each change).
%
\def\|{%
  % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode.
  \leavevmode
  %
  % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output.
  \vadjust{%
    % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current
    % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record.
    \vskip-\baselineskip
    %
    % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type.  So
    % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin.
    \llap{%
      %
      % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'.
      \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt
      %
      % This is the space between the bar and the text.
      \hskip 12pt
    }%
  }%
}

% For a final copy, take out the rectangles
% that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided
% that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin).
%
\def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt}

% @image.  We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this.
% If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain.
%
% Check for and read epsf.tex up front.  If we read it only at @image
% time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get
% undone and the next image would fail.
\openin 1 = epsf.tex
\ifeof 1 \else
  \closein 1
  % Do not bother showing banner with post-v2.7 epsf.tex (available in
  % doc/epsf.tex until it shows up on ctan).
  \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }%
  \input epsf.tex
\fi
%
\newif\ifwarnednoepsf
\newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to
  work.  It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get
  it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.}
%
% Only complain once about lack of epsf.tex.
\def\image#1{%
  \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
    \ifx\epsfbox\undefined
      \ifwarnednoepsf \else
        \errhelp = \noepsfhelp
        \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}%
        \global\warnednoepsftrue
      \fi
    \else
      \imagexxx #1,,,\finish
    \fi
  \else
    \centerline{\pdfimage #1.pdf}%
  \fi
}
%
% Arguments to @image:
% #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
% #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height.
% #4 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing this stuff.
\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{%
  % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure.
  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi
  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi
  % If the image is by itself, center it.
  \ifvmode
    \nobreak\medskip
    \nobreak
    \centerline{\epsfbox{#1.eps}}%
    \bigbreak
  \else
    % In the middle of a paragraph, no extra space.
    \epsfbox{#1.eps}%
  \fi
}


\message{localization,}

% @documentlanguage is usually given very early, just after
% @setfilename.  If done too late, it may not override everything
% properly.  Single argument is the language abbreviation.
% It would be nice if we could set up a hyphenation file here.
%
\def\documentlanguage{\parsearg\dodocumentlanguage}
\def\dodocumentlanguage#1{%
  \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX.
  % Read the file if it exists.
  \openin 1 txi-#1.tex
  \ifeof1
    \errhelp = \nolanghelp
    \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}%
    \let\temp = \relax
  \else
    \def\temp{\input txi-#1.tex }%
  \fi
  \temp
  \endgroup
}
\newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or
is empty.  Maybe you need to install it?  In the current directory
should work if nowhere else does.}


% @documentencoding should change something in TeX eventually, most
% likely, but for now just recognize it.
\let\documentencoding = \comment


% Page size parameters.
%
\newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt

\chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
\subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt

% Prevent underfull vbox error messages.
\vbadness = 10000

% Don't be so finicky about underfull hboxes, either.
\hbadness = 2000

% Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans.
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000

% Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're
% using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.  We want the amount of
% stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on
% \hsize.  We call this whenever the paper size is set.
%
\def\setemergencystretch{%
  \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
    % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
    \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
  \else
    \emergencystretch = \hsize
    \divide\emergencystretch by 40
  \fi
}

% Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth; 3) voffset;
% 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip.  Then whoever calls us can
% set \parskip and call \setleading for \baselineskip.
%
\def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
  \voffset = #3\relax
  \topskip = #6\relax
  \splittopskip = \topskip
  %
  \vsize = #1\relax
  \advance\vsize by \topskip
  \outervsize = \vsize
  \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
  \pageheight = \vsize
  %
  \hsize = #2\relax
  \outerhsize = \hsize
  \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
  \pagewidth = \hsize
  %
  \normaloffset = #4\relax
  \bindingoffset = #5\relax
  %
  \parindent = \defaultparindent
  \setemergencystretch
}

% @letterpaper (the default).
\def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
  \setleading{13.2pt}%
  %
  % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even.
  \internalpagesizes{46\baselineskip}{6in}{\voffset}{.25in}{\bindingoffset}{36pt}%
}}

% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 (or so) format.
\def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1
  \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt
  \setleading{12pt}%
  %
  \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5.in}{\voffset}{.25in}{\bindingoffset}{16pt}%
  %
  \lispnarrowing = 0.3in
  \tolerance = 700
  \hfuzz = 1pt
  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
  \deftypemargin = 0pt
  \defbodyindent = .5cm
  %
  \let\smalldisplay = \smalldisplayx
  \let\smallexample = \smalllispx
  \let\smallformat = \smallformatx
  \let\smalllisp = \smalllispx
}}

% Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
\def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
  \setleading{12pt}%
  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
  %
  \internalpagesizes{53\baselineskip}{160mm}{\voffset}{4mm}{\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
  %
  \tolerance = 700
  \hfuzz = 1pt
}}

% A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper.  Top margin
% 29mm, hence bottom margin 28mm, nominal side margin 3cm.
\def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1
  \setleading{13.6pt}%
  %
  \afourpaper
  \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}{3.6mm}{3.6mm}{3mm}{7mm}%
  %
  \globaldefs = 0
}}

% Use @afourwide to print on European A4 paper in wide format.
\def\afourwide{%
  \afourpaper
  \internalpagesizes{9.5in}{6.5in}{\hoffset}{\normaloffset}{\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
  %
  \globaldefs = 0
}

% @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH]
% Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip,
% and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow.
%
\def\pagesizes{\parsearg\pagesizesxxx}
\def\pagesizesxxx#1{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish}
\def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{%
  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi
  \globaldefs = 1
  %
  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
  \setleading{13.2pt}%
  %
  \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}{\voffset}{\normaloffset}{\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
}}

% Set default to letter.
%
\letterpaper

\message{and turning on texinfo input format.}

% Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text.
\catcode`\"=\other
\catcode`\~=\other
\catcode`\^=\other
\catcode`\_=\other
\catcode`\|=\other
\catcode`\<=\other
\catcode`\>=\other
\catcode`\+=\other
\def\normaldoublequote{"}
\def\normaltilde{~}
\def\normalcaret{^}
\def\normalunderscore{_}
\def\normalverticalbar{|}
\def\normalless{<}
\def\normalgreater{>}
\def\normalplus{+}

% This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont
% where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts,
% where something hairier probably needs to be done.
%
% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
% otherwise.  Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
%
\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\the\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}

% Turn off all special characters except @
% (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary).
% Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can
% use math or other variants that look better in normal text.

\catcode`\"=\active
\def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}}
\let"=\activedoublequote
\catcode`\~=\active
\def~{{\tt\char126}}
\chardef\hat=`\^
\catcode`\^=\active
\def^{{\tt \hat}}

\catcode`\_=\active
\def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_}
% Subroutine for the previous macro.
\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}}

\catcode`\|=\active
\def|{{\tt\char124}}
\chardef \less=`\<
\catcode`\<=\active
\def<{{\tt \less}}
\chardef \gtr=`\>
\catcode`\>=\active
\def>{{\tt \gtr}}
\catcode`\+=\active
\def+{{\tt \char 43}}
%\catcode 27=\active
%\def^^[{$\diamondsuit$}

% Set up an active definition for =, but don't enable it most of the time.
{\catcode`\==\active
\global\def={{\tt \char 61}}}

\catcode`+=\active
\catcode`\_=\active

% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
% So turn them off again, and have \everyjob (or @setfilename) turn them on.
% \otherifyactive is called near the end of this file.
\def\otherifyactive{\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other}

\catcode`\@=0

% \rawbackslashxx output one backslash character in current font
\global\chardef\rawbackslashxx=`\\
%{\catcode`\\=\other
%@gdef@rawbackslashxx{\}}

% \rawbackslash redefines \ as input to do \rawbackslashxx.
{\catcode`\\=\active
@gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@rawbackslashxx }}

% \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font.
\def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}}

% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
\escapechar=`\@

% \catcode 17=0   % Define control-q
\catcode`\\=\active

% Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters
% even after parsing them.
@def@turnoffactive{@let"=@normaldoublequote
@let\=@realbackslash
@let~=@normaltilde
@let^=@normalcaret
@let_=@normalunderscore
@let|=@normalverticalbar
@let<=@normalless
@let>=@normalgreater
@let+=@normalplus}

@def@normalturnoffactive{@let"=@normaldoublequote
@let\=@normalbackslash
@let~=@normaltilde
@let^=@normalcaret
@let_=@normalunderscore
@let|=@normalverticalbar
@let<=@normalless
@let>=@normalgreater
@let+=@normalplus}

% Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily.
% This is canceled by @fixbackslash.
@otherifyactive

% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
% a backslash.
%
@gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash}
@global@let\ = @eatinput

% On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then
% the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix
% that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur.
% Also back turn on active characters that might appear in the input
% file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
%
@gdef@fixbackslash{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi
  @catcode`+=@active @catcode`@_=@active}

% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.  The @rm below
% makes sure that the current font starts out as the newly loaded cmr10
@catcode`@$=@other @catcode`@%=@other @catcode`@&=@other @catcode`@#=@other

@textfonts
@rm

@c Local variables:
@c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp)
@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{"
@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d"
@c time-stamp-end: "}"
@c End: